The Past Predicts The Future Criminal History And Recidivism Of Federal Offenders

Author : United States Sentencing Commission
Publisher : Government Printing Office
Page : 44 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2017-04-12
Category : Law
ISBN : 0160938570

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The Past Predicts The Future: Criminal History and Recidivism of Federal Offenders by United States Sentencing Commission Pdf

The focus of this report is the 25,431 U.S. citizen federal offenders released from prison or placed on probation in calendar year 2005. Recidivism refers to a person's relapse into criminal behavior, often after the person receives sanctions or undergoes interventions for a previous crime. Recidivism is typically measured by criminal acts that resulted in the re-arrest, re-conviction, and/or re-incarceration of the offender over a specified period of time. Recent developments, particularly public attention to the size of the federal prison population and the cost of incarceration have refocused the Commission's interest on the recidivism of federal offenders. This report takes into account chapters four and two of the Guidelines Manual (ISBN: 9780160934896) in establishing the Commission's methods for evaluation. Scoring points for evaluation of the study group, and criminal history category identification. The Appendix comprised of tables and figures section offers the Study group's offender race, median age, re-conviction rates, re-incarceration rates, offenses categories, and more. Related products: United States Sentencing Commission Guidelines Manual 2016 is available here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/052-070-07703-4 Alternative Sentencing in the Federal Criminal Justice System is available here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/052-070-07686-1?ctid=1103 Federal Probation: A Journal of Correctional Philosophy and Practice print subscription available here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/727-001-00000-0?ctid= Take Charge of Your Future: Get the Education and Training You Need can be found here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/065-000-01446-7 Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, December 1, 2016 is available here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/federal-rules-criminal-procedure-2016

Author : Us Sentencing Commission
Publisher : Government Printing Office
Page : 176 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2017-10
Category : Law
ISBN : 0160944058

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Mandatory Minimum Penalties for Drug Offenses in the Federal Criminal Justice System by Us Sentencing Commission Pdf

Using fiscal year 2016 data, this publication provides sentencing data on offenses carrying drug mandatory minimums, the impact on the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) population, and differences observed when analyzing each of five main drug types. In addition to reporting general data regarding the use of mandatory minimum penalties, the Commission also analyzed the functions performed by drug offenders as part of their offenses. This function analysis provides a more complete profile of federal drug offenders and examines the use and impact of mandatory minimum penalties on offenders with differing levels of culpability. Discover more products on this topic: Recidivism Among Federal Drug Trafficking Offenders The Past Predicts The Future: Criminal History and Recidivism of Federal Offenders Federal Probation: A Journal of Correctional Philosophy and Practice print subscription Law Enforcement & Criminal Justice resources collection

Author : Julian V. Roberts,Richard S. Frase
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2019-07-15
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780190254018

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Paying for the Past by Julian V. Roberts,Richard S. Frase Pdf

All modern sentencing systems, in the US and beyond, consider the offender's prior record to be an important determinant of the form and severity of punishment for subsequent offences. Repeat offenders receive harsher punishments than first offenders, and offenders with longer criminal records are punished more severely than those with shorter records. Yet the vast literature on sentencing policy, law, and practice has generally overlooked the issue of prior convictions, even though this is the most important sentencing factor after the seriousness of the crime. In Paying for the Past, Richard S. Frase and Julian V. Roberts provide a critical and systematic examination of current prior record enhancements under sentencing guidelines across the US. Drawing on empirical data and analyses of guidelines from a number of jurisdictions, they illustrate different approaches to prior record enhancements and the differing outcomes of those approaches. Roberts and Frase demonstrate that most prior record enhancements generate a range of adverse outcomes at sentencing. Further, the pervasive justifications for prior record enhancement, such as the repeat offender's assumed higher risk of reoffending or greater culpability, are uncertain and have rarely been subjected to critical appraisal. The punitive sentencing premiums for repeat offenders prescribed by US guidelines cannot be justified on grounds of prevention or retribution. Shining a light on a neglected but critically important topic, Paying for the Past examines the costs of prior record enhancements for repeat offenders and offers model guidelines to help reduce racial disparities and reallocate criminal justice resources for jurisdictions who use sentence enhancements.

Author : Cassia Spohn,Pauline Brennan
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 407 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2019-06-14
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780429650932

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Handbook on Sentencing Policies and Practices in the 21st Century by Cassia Spohn,Pauline Brennan Pdf

Sentencing Policies and Practices in the 21st Century focuses on the evolution and consequences of sentencing policies and practices, with sentencing broadly defined to include plea bargaining, judicial and juror decision making, and alternatives to incarceration, including participation in problem-solving courts. This collection of essays and reports of original research explores how sentencing policies and practices, both in the United States and internationally, have evolved, explores important issues raised by guideline and non-guideline sentencing, and provides an overview of recent research on plea bargaining in the United States, Australia, and the United Kingdom. Other topics include the role of criminal history in sentencing, the past and future of capital punishment, strategies for reducing mass incarceration, problem-solving courts, and restorative justice practices. Each chapter summarizes what is known, identifies the gaps in the research, and discusses the theoretical, empirical, and policy implications of the research findings. The volume is grounded in current knowledge about the specific topics, but also presents new material that reflects the thinking of the leading minds in the field and that outlines a research agenda for the future. This is Volume 4 of the American Society of Criminology’s Division on Corrections and Sentencing handbook series. Previous volumes focused on risk assessment, disparities in punishment, and the consequences of punishment decisions. The handbooks provide a comprehensive overview of these topics for scholars, students, practitioners, and policymakers.

Author : Nora Demleitner,Douglas Berman,Marc L. Miller,Ronald F. Wright
Publisher : Aspen Publishing
Page : 632 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2022-01-31
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781543847444

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Sentencing Law and Policy by Nora Demleitner,Douglas Berman,Marc L. Miller,Ronald F. Wright Pdf

Sentencing Law and Policy: Cases, Statutes, and Guidelines, Fifth Edition

Author : United States Sentencing Commission,Sentencing Commission (U.S.).
Publisher : Government Printing Office
Page : 150 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2024-06-30
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0160938562

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Recidivism Among Federal Drug Trafficking Offenders by United States Sentencing Commission,Sentencing Commission (U.S.). Pdf

Author : Richard S. Frase,Julian V. Roberts
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 337 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2019-08
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780190254001

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Paying for the Past by Richard S. Frase,Julian V. Roberts Pdf

All modern sentencing systems, in the US and beyond, consider the offender's prior record to be an important determinant of the form and severity of punishment for subsequent offences. Repeat offenders receive harsher punishments than first offenders, and offenders with longer criminal records are punished more severely than those with shorter records. Yet the vast literature on sentencing policy, law, and practice has generally overlooked the issue of prior convictions, even though this is the most important sentencing factor after the seriousness of the crime. In Paying for the Past, Richard S. Frase and Julian V. Roberts provide a critical and systematic examination of current prior record enhancements under sentencing guidelines across the US. Drawing on empirical data and analyses of guidelines from a number of jurisdictions, they illustrate different approaches to prior record enhancements and the differing outcomes of those approaches. Roberts and Frase demonstrate that most prior record enhancements generate a range of adverse outcomes at sentencing. Further, the pervasive justifications for prior record enhancement, such as the repeat offender's assumed higher risk of reoffending or greater culpability, are uncertain and have rarely been subjected to critical appraisal. The punitive sentencing premiums for repeat offenders prescribed by US guidelines cannot be justified on grounds of prevention or retribution. Shining a light on a neglected but critically important topic, Paying for the Past examines the costs of prior record enhancements for repeat offenders and offers model guidelines to help reduce racial disparities and reallocate criminal justice resources for jurisdictions who use sentence enhancements.

Author : Jan W de Keijser,Julian V Roberts,Jesper Ryberg
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 465 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2019-05-16
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781509921423

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Predictive Sentencing by Jan W de Keijser,Julian V Roberts,Jesper Ryberg Pdf

Predictive Sentencing addresses the role of risk assessment in contemporary sentencing practices. Predictive sentencing has become so deeply ingrained in Western criminal justice decision-making that despite early ethical discussions about selective incapacitation, it currently attracts little critique. Nor has it been subjected to a thorough normative and empirical scrutiny. This is problematic since much current policy and practice concerning risk predictions is inconsistent with mainstream theories of punishment. Moreover, predictive sentencing exacerbates discrimination and disparity in sentencing. Although structured risk assessments may have replaced 'gut feelings', and have now been systematically implemented in Western justice systems, the fundamental issues and questions that surround the use of risk assessment instruments at sentencing remain unresolved. This volume critically evaluates these issues and will be of great interest to scholars of criminal justice and criminology.

Author : Matt DeLisi
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2023-02-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783031214189

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Ted Bundy and The Unsolved Murder Epidemic by Matt DeLisi Pdf

This book revisits the life and crimes of Ted Bundy. It seeks to reconcile the contradictions and controversies about his life that underscore the broader US unsolved murder problem, one that is estimated at between 250,000 to 350,000 open, unresolved, or cold cases. The incidence of crime is far greater than is captured by official statistics; most offenses are never detected, a concept known as the dark figure of crime which is explored here. Drawing on 25 years of practitioner, research, and consultant experiences with the most violent criminals, this book offers solutions toward clearing the current backlog of unsolved murders in the United States many of which were never reported and disproportionately perpetrated by offenders like Bundy. This compelling book speaks to students, academics and readers interested in true crime, serial murder, homicide and criminal justice.

Author : David Weisburd,Ernesto U. Savona,Badi Hasisi,Francesco Calderoni
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 346 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2020-06-11
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783030366391

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Understanding Recruitment to Organized Crime and Terrorism by David Weisburd,Ernesto U. Savona,Badi Hasisi,Francesco Calderoni Pdf

This volume provides insights on how recruitment patterns develop for two related types of criminal networks: organized crime and terrorism. It specifically explores the social, situational, psychological, and economic drivers of recruitment. Although organized crime networks and terrorism networks can differ in underlying goals and motivations, this volume demonstrates common drivers in their recruitment, which will provide insights for crime prevention and intervention. The goal of the book is to explore the current knowledge about these common drivers, as well as highlight emerging research, to identify and prioritize a research agenda for scholars, as well as policymakers. The research presented in this work aims to fill existing gaps in the knowledge of recruitment to both organized crime and terrorism. For each area, it provides a systematic review of the existing research on social, psychological, and economic drivers of recruitment. It then presents findings from independent original research aimed to explore new ground not covered in these previous studies. The contributions to this volume were the result of a research project funded by a European Union Horizon 2020 grant, and present a diverse, international mix of expertise and cases. It will be of interest to researchers in criminology and criminal justice, as well as related fields such as sociology, psychology, and international relations. Chapter 13 of this book is available open access under a CC BY 4.0 license.

Author : United States Sentencing Commission
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 80 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2019-08-28
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1689039132

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Recidivism Among Federal Firearms Offenders by United States Sentencing Commission Pdf

The Commission's Ongoing Recidivism ResearchThe United States Sentencing Commission1 began studying recidivism shortly after the enactment of the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984 ("SRA"). The Commission's March 2016 publication, Recidivism Among Federal Offenders: A Comprehensive Overview, discusses the history of its recidivism studies in greater detail.2 Recidivism information is central to three of the primary purposes of punishment described in the SRA-specific deterrence, incapacitation, and rehabilitation-all of which focus on prevention of future crimes through correctional intervention. Information regarding recidivism rates is also relevant to the Commission's obligation to formulate sentencing policy that "reflect[s], to the extent practicable, advancements in knowledge of human behavior as it relates to the criminal justice process."3 The Commission's consideration of recidivism by federal offenders was also central to its initial work in developing the criminal history provisions in the Guidelines Manual.4 Additionally, public attention to the size of the federal prison population and the costs of incarceration5 have highlighted the importance of studying recidivism among federal offenders.6 These factors remain important and continue to be a key consideration in the Commission's work.The Commission's current recidivism research substantially expands on the scope of previous Commission recidivism projects.7 In addition to a different set of offenders-U.S. citizen federal offenders released in 2005-the current project's study group is much larger than those in previous Commission studies. A larger study group provides the opportunity to develop useful conclusions about subgroups of federal offenders. This Report: Recidivism Among Federal Firearms OffendersPrevious Commission research has examined recidivism among federal offenders generally, as well as recidivism among offenders convicted of specific categories of offenses, including drug trafficking8 and violent offenses.9 This report provides a recidivism analysis of federal offenders convicted of firearms and ammunition offenses. The offenders in this report were selected using criteria that placed them into four groups that collectively form the "firearms offenders: "

Author : Faye S. Taxman
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 476 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2016-11-10
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781317402831

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Handbook on Risk and Need Assessment by Faye S. Taxman Pdf

The Handbook on Risk and Need Assessment: Theory and Practice covers risk assessments for individuals being considered for parole or probation. Evidence-based approaches to such decisions help take the emotion and politics out of community corrections. As the United States begins to back away from ineffective, expensive policies of mass incarceration, this handbook will provide the resources needed to help ensure both public safety and the effective rehabilitation of offenders. The ASC Division on Corrections & Sentencing Handbook Series will publish volumes on topics ranging from violence risk assessment to specialty courts for drug users, veterans, or the mentally ill. Each thematic volume focuses on a single topical issue that intersects with corrections and sentencing research.

Author : Andrew Von Hirsch
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 1985
Category : Law
ISBN : UOM:39015011341354

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Past Or Future Crimes by Andrew Von Hirsch Pdf

This text outlines the issues surrounding the debate over dangerous offenders. The author argues that there should be fairness in sentencing and that punishments should fit the crime. He assesses the principal issues affecting sentencing policies, and provides an in-depth argument for a model for deciding sentences. He is against the concept of selective incapacitation, fearing false positives and the unethical practice of sentencing persons for crimes not yet committed.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 430 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Criminal justice, Administration of
ISBN : NWU:35556041207150

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National Institute of Justice Journal by Anonim Pdf

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Courts, Civil Liberties, and the Administration of Justice
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 432 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 1985
Category : Civil procedure
ISBN : UCR:31210024954305

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Witness Protection Act by United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Courts, Civil Liberties, and the Administration of Justice Pdf