Predictive Sentencing

Author : Jan W de Keijser,Julian V Roberts,Jesper Ryberg
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 465 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2019-05-16
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781509921423

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Predictive Sentencing by Jan W de Keijser,Julian V Roberts,Jesper Ryberg Pdf

Predictive Sentencing addresses the role of risk assessment in contemporary sentencing practices. Predictive sentencing has become so deeply ingrained in Western criminal justice decision-making that despite early ethical discussions about selective incapacitation, it currently attracts little critique. Nor has it been subjected to a thorough normative and empirical scrutiny. This is problematic since much current policy and practice concerning risk predictions is inconsistent with mainstream theories of punishment. Moreover, predictive sentencing exacerbates discrimination and disparity in sentencing. Although structured risk assessments may have replaced 'gut feelings', and have now been systematically implemented in Western justice systems, the fundamental issues and questions that surround the use of risk assessment instruments at sentencing remain unresolved. This volume critically evaluates these issues and will be of great interest to scholars of criminal justice and criminology.

Author : Jan W de Keijser,Julian V Roberts,Jesper Ryberg
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2019-05-16
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781509921430

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Predictive Sentencing by Jan W de Keijser,Julian V Roberts,Jesper Ryberg Pdf

Predictive Sentencing addresses the role of risk assessment in contemporary sentencing practices. Predictive sentencing has become so deeply ingrained in Western criminal justice decision-making that despite early ethical discussions about selective incapacitation, it currently attracts little critique. Nor has it been subjected to a thorough normative and empirical scrutiny. This is problematic since much current policy and practice concerning risk predictions is inconsistent with mainstream theories of punishment. Moreover, predictive sentencing exacerbates discrimination and disparity in sentencing. Although structured risk assessments may have replaced 'gut feelings', and have now been systematically implemented in Western justice systems, the fundamental issues and questions that surround the use of risk assessment instruments at sentencing remain unresolved. This volume critically evaluates these issues and will be of great interest to scholars of criminal justice and criminology.

Author : Center for Studies of Crime and Delinquency (U.S.)
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 16 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 1974
Category : Juvenile delinquents
ISBN : MINN:31951002815658R

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Predictive Sentencing by Center for Studies of Crime and Delinquency (U.S.) Pdf

Author : Leo H. Whinery
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 1976
Category : Law
ISBN : UOM:49015001052381

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Predictive Sentencing by Leo H. Whinery Pdf

Author : Leo H. Whinery
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 346 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 1976
Category : Juvenile courts
ISBN : IND:30000111630053

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Predictive Sentencing of 16-18 Year Old Male Habitual Traffic Offenders by Leo H. Whinery Pdf

Author : Bernard E. Harcourt
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 345 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2008-09-15
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780226315997

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Against Prediction by Bernard E. Harcourt Pdf

From random security checks at airports to the use of risk assessment in sentencing, actuarial methods are being used more than ever to determine whom law enforcement officials target and punish. And with the exception of racial profiling on our highways and streets, most people favor these methods because they believe they’re a more cost-effective way to fight crime. In Against Prediction, Bernard E. Harcourt challenges this growing reliance on actuarial methods. These prediction tools, he demonstrates, may in fact increase the overall amount of crime in society, depending on the relative responsiveness of the profiled populations to heightened security. They may also aggravate the difficulties that minorities already have obtaining work, education, and a better quality of life—thus perpetuating the pattern of criminal behavior. Ultimately, Harcourt shows how the perceived success of actuarial methods has begun to distort our very conception of just punishment and to obscure alternate visions of social order. In place of the actuarial, he proposes instead a turn to randomization in punishment and policing. The presumption, Harcourt concludes, should be against prediction.

Author : Jesper Ryberg,Julian V. Roberts
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 297 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2022-01-21
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780197539552

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Sentencing and Artificial Intelligence by Jesper Ryberg,Julian V. Roberts Pdf

The first collective work devoted exclusively to the ethical and penal theoretical considerations of the use of artificial intelligence at sentencing Is it morally acceptable to use artificial intelligence (AI) in the determination of sentences on those who have broken the law? If so, how should such algorithms be used--and what are the consequences? Jesper Ryberg and Julian V. Roberts bring together leading experts to answer these questions. Sentencing and Artificial Intelligence investigates to what extent, and under which conditions, justice and the social good may be promoted by allocating parts of the most important task of the criminal court--that of determining legal punishment--to computerized sentencing algorithms. The introduction of an AI-based sentencing system could save significant resources and increase consistency across jurisdictions. But it could also reproduce historical biases, decrease transparency in decision-making, and undermine trust in the justice system. Dealing with a wide-range of pertinent issues including the transparency of algorithmic-based decision-making, the fairness and morality of algorithmic sentencing decisions, and potential discrimination as a result of these practices, this volume offers avaluable insight on the future of sentencing.

Author : Michael Tonry
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2020
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780195320503

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Doing Justice, Preventing Crime by Michael Tonry Pdf

"In the 2020s, no informed person disagrees that punishment policies and practices in the United States are unprincipled, chaotic, and much too often unjust. The financial costs are enormous. The moral cost is greater: countless individual injustices; mass incarceration; the world's highest imprisonment rate; extreme disparities, especially affecting members of racial and ethnic minority groups; high rates of wrongful conviction; assembly line case processing; and a general absence of respectful consideration of offenders' interests, circumstances, and needs. The main ideas in this book about doing justice and preventing crime are simple: Treat people charged with and convicted of crimes justly, fairly, and even-handedly, as anyone would want done for themselves or their children. Take sympathetic account of the circumstances of peoples' lives. Punish no one more severely than he or she deserves. Those propositions are implicit in the Rule of Law and its requirement that the human dignity of every person be respected. Three major structural changes are needed. First, selection of judges and prosecutors, and their day-to-day work, must be insulated from political influence. Second, mandatory minimum sentence, three-strikes, life without parole, truth in sentencing, and similar laws must be repealed. Third, correctional and prosecution systems must be centralized in unified state agencies"--

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Education and Labor. Subcommittee on Human Resources
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 936 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 1984
Category : Electronic
ISBN : PSU:000011682653

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Oversight Hearing on the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Education and Labor. Subcommittee on Human Resources Pdf

Author : Jesper Ryberg
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2019-11-05
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780190846435

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Neurointerventions, Crime, and Punishment by Jesper Ryberg Pdf

Advances in new neuroscientific research tools and technologies have not only led to new insight into the processes of the human brain, they have also refined and provided genuinely new ways of modifying and manipulating the human brain. The aspiration of such interventions is to affect conative, cognitive, and affective brain processes associated with emotional regulation, empathy, and moral judgment. Can the use of neuroscientific technologies for influencing the human functioning brain as a means of preventing offenders from engaging in future criminal conduct be justified? In Neurointerventions, Crime, and Punishment, Jesper Ryberg considers various ethical challenges surrounding this question. More precisely, he provides a framework for considering neuroethical issues within the criminal justice system and examines a set of procedures which the criminal justice system relies on to deal with criminal offending. To do this, Ryberg addresses the following questions, among others: Is it morally acceptable to offer more lenient sentences to offenders in return for participation in neuroscientific treatment programs? Or would such offers be unacceptably coercive? Is it possible to administer neurointerventions as a type of punishment? Would it be acceptable for physicians to participate in the administration of neurointerventions on offenders? What is the moral significance of the sordid history of brain interventions for the present or future use of such treatment options? As rehabilitation comes back into fashion after many decades and as neuroscientific knowledge and technology advance rapidly, these intricate and controversial topics become increasingly more urgent. Ryberg argues that many of the in-principle objections to neuroscientific treatment are premature, but given the way criminal justice systems currently function, such treatment methods should not be put into practice.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 342 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 1983
Category : Crime
ISBN : MSU:31293008113510

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Federal Probation by Anonim Pdf

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 886 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 1976
Category : Criminal justice, Administration of
ISBN : UOM:39015055037397

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Document Retrieval Index by Anonim Pdf

Author : L. Paul Sutton
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 60 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 1978
Category : Government publications
ISBN : PURD:32754077524308

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Predicting Sentences in Federal Courts by L. Paul Sutton Pdf

Author : Katherine B Forrest
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 159 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2021-04-08
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9789811232749

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When Machines Can Be Judge, Jury, And Executioner: Justice In The Age Of Artificial Intelligence by Katherine B Forrest Pdf

'Is it fair for a judge to increase a defendant's prison time on the basis of an algorithmic score that predicts the likelihood that he will commit future crimes? Many states now say yes, even when the algorithms they use for this purpose have a high error rate, a secret design, and a demonstratable racial bias. The former federal judge Katherine Forrest, in her short but incisive When Machines Can Be Judge, Jury, and Executioner, says this is both unfair and irrational ...' See full reviewJed S RakoffUnited States District Judge for the Southern District of New YorkNew York Review of Books This book explores justice in the age of artificial intelligence. It argues that current AI tools used in connection with liberty decisions are based on utilitarian frameworks of justice and inconsistent with individual fairness reflected in the US Constitution and Declaration of Independence. It uses AI risk assessment tools and lethal autonomous weapons as examples of how AI influences liberty decisions. The algorithmic design of AI risk assessment tools can and does embed human biases. Designers and users of these AI tools have allowed some degree of compromise to exist between accuracy and individual fairness.Written by a former federal judge who lectures widely and frequently on AI and the justice system, this book is the first comprehensive presentation of the theoretical framework of AI tools in the criminal justice system and lethal autonomous weapons utilized in decision-making. The book then provides a comprehensive explanation as to why, tracing the evolution of the debate regarding racial and other biases embedded in such tools. No other book delves as comprehensively into the theory and practice of AI risk assessment tools.

Author : Andrew Von Hirsch,Andrew Ashworth
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 468 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 1992
Category : Law
ISBN : UOM:39015029186783

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Principled Sentencing by Andrew Von Hirsch,Andrew Ashworth Pdf