The Political Uses Of Expert Knowledge

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The Political Uses of Expert Knowledge

Christina Boswell
The Political Uses of Expert Knowledge Book PDF

Author : Christina Boswell
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 282 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2009-05-28
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781139477611

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The Political Uses of Expert Knowledge by Christina Boswell Pdf

Why do politicians and civil servants commission research and what use do they make of it in policymaking? The received wisdom is that research contributes to improving government policy. Christina Boswell challenges this view, arguing that policymakers are just as likely to value expert knowledge for two alternative reasons: as a way of lending authority to their preferences; or to signal their capacity to make sound decisions. Boswell develops a compelling new theory of the role of knowledge in policy, showing how policymakers use research to establish authority in contentious and risky areas of policy. She illustrates her argument with an analysis of European immigration policies, charting the ways in which expertise becomes a resource for lending credibility to controversial claims, underpinning high-risk decisions or bolstering the credibility of government agencies.

The Politics of Expertise in International Organizations

Annabelle Littoz-Monnet
The Politics of Expertise in International Organizations Book PDF

Author : Annabelle Littoz-Monnet
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 228 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2017-02-24
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781134879717

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The Politics of Expertise in International Organizations by Annabelle Littoz-Monnet Pdf

This edited volume advances existing research on the production and use of expert knowledge by international bureaucracies. Given the complexity, technicality and apparent apolitical character of the issues dealt with in global governance arenas, ‘evidence-based’ policy-making has imposed itself as the best way to evaluate the risks and consequences of political action in global arenas. In the absence of alternative, democratic modes of legitimation, international organizations have adopted this approach to policy-making. By treating international bureaucracies as strategic actors, this volume address novel questions: why and how do international bureaucrats deploy knowledge in policy-making? Where does the knowledge they use come from, and how can we retrace pathways between the origins of certain ideas and their adoption by international administrations? What kind of evidence do international bureaucrats resort to, and with what implications? Which types of knowledge are seen as authoritative, and why? This volume makes a crucial contribution to our understanding of the way global policy agendas are shaped and propagated. It will be of great interest to scholars, policy-makers and practitioners in the fields of public policy, international relations, global governance and international organizations.

The Crisis of Expertise

Gil Eyal
The Crisis of Expertise Book PDF

Author : Gil Eyal
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2019-10-24
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781509538867

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The Crisis of Expertise by Gil Eyal Pdf

In recent political debates there has been a significant change in the valence of the word “experts” from a superlative to a near pejorative, typically accompanied by a recitation of experts’ many failures and misdeeds. In topics as varied as Brexit, climate change and vaccinations there is a palpable mistrust of experts and a tendency to dismiss their advice. Are we witnessing, therefore, the “death of expertise,” or is the handwringing about an “assault on science” merely the hysterical reaction of threatened elites? In this new book, Gil Eyal argues that what needs to be explained is not a one-sided “mistrust of experts” but the two-headed pushmi-pullyu of unprecedented reliance on science and expertise, on the one hand, coupled with increased suspicion, skepticism and dismissal of scientific findings, expert opinion or even whole branches of investigation, on the other. The current mistrust of experts, Eyal argues, is best understood as one more spiral in an on-going, recursive crisis of legitimacy. The “scientization of politics,” of which critics warned in the 1960s, has brought about a politicization of science, specifically of regulatory and policy science, and the two processes reinforce one another in an unstable, crisis-prone mixture. Eyal demonstrates that the strategies designed to respond to the crisis - from an increased emphasis on inclusion of laypeople and stakeholders in scientific research and regulatory decision-making to approaches seeking to generate trust by relying on objective procedures such as randomized controlled trials (RCTs) – end up exacerbating the crisis, while undermining and contradicting one another. This timely book will be of great interest to students and scholars in the social sciences and to anyone concerned about the political uses of, and attacks on, scientific knowledge and expertise.

Bridging the Gaps

Martin Ruhs,Kristof Tamas,Joakim Palme
Bridging the Gaps Book PDF

Author : Martin Ruhs,Kristof Tamas,Joakim Palme
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 287 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2019-03-28
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780198834557

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Bridging the Gaps by Martin Ruhs,Kristof Tamas,Joakim Palme Pdf

What is the use of research in public debates and policy-making on immigration and integration? Why are there such large gaps between migration debates and migration realities, and how can they be reduced? Bridging the Gaps: Linking Research to Public Debates and Policy Making on Migration and Integration provides a unique set of testimonies and analyses of these questions by researchers and policy experts who have been deeply involved in attempts to link social science research to public policies. Bridging the Gaps argues that we must go beyond the prevailing focus on the research-policy nexus by considering how the media, public opinion, and other dimensions of public debates can interact with research and policy-processes. The chapters provide theoretical analyses and personal assessments of the successes and failures of past efforts to link research to public debates and policy-making on migration and integration in six different countries - Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States - as well as in European and global governance debates. Contrary to common public perceptions and political demands, Bridging the Gaps argues that all actors contributing to research, public debates, and policy-making should recognize that migration, integration, and related decision-making are highly complex issues, and that there are no quick fixes to what are often enduring policy dilemmas. When the different actors understand and appreciate each other's primary aims and constraints, such common understandings can pave the way for improved policy-making processes and better public policies that deal more effectively with the real challenges of migration and integration.

The Role of `Experts' in International and European Decision-Making Processes

Monika Ambrus,Karin Arts,Ellen Hey,Helena Raulus
The Role of Experts in International and European Decision Making Processes Book PDF

Author : Monika Ambrus,Karin Arts,Ellen Hey,Helena Raulus
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 429 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2014-08-28
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781107074781

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The Role of `Experts' in International and European Decision-Making Processes by Monika Ambrus,Karin Arts,Ellen Hey,Helena Raulus Pdf

A broad-gauged analysis of the issues raised by experts' involvement in international and European decision-making processes.

Expert Political Judgment

Philip E. Tetlock
Expert Political Judgment Book PDF

Author : Philip E. Tetlock
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2017-08-29
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781400888818

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Expert Political Judgment by Philip E. Tetlock Pdf

Since its original publication, Expert Political Judgment by New York Times bestselling author Philip Tetlock has established itself as a contemporary classic in the literature on evaluating expert opinion. Tetlock first discusses arguments about whether the world is too complex for people to find the tools to understand political phenomena, let alone predict the future. He evaluates predictions from experts in different fields, comparing them to predictions by well-informed laity or those based on simple extrapolation from current trends. He goes on to analyze which styles of thinking are more successful in forecasting. Classifying thinking styles using Isaiah Berlin's prototypes of the fox and the hedgehog, Tetlock contends that the fox--the thinker who knows many little things, draws from an eclectic array of traditions, and is better able to improvise in response to changing events--is more successful in predicting the future than the hedgehog, who knows one big thing, toils devotedly within one tradition, and imposes formulaic solutions on ill-defined problems. He notes a perversely inverse relationship between the best scientific indicators of good judgement and the qualities that the media most prizes in pundits--the single-minded determination required to prevail in ideological combat. Clearly written and impeccably researched, the book fills a huge void in the literature on evaluating expert opinion. It will appeal across many academic disciplines as well as to corporations seeking to develop standards for judging expert decision-making. Now with a new preface in which Tetlock discusses the latest research in the field, the book explores what constitutes good judgment in predicting future events and looks at why experts are often wrong in their forecasts.

Aesthetics and Politics

Ole Marius Hylland,Erling Bjurström
Aesthetics and Politics Book PDF

Author : Ole Marius Hylland,Erling Bjurström
Publisher : Springer
Page : 210 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2018-06-23
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783319778549

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Aesthetics and Politics by Ole Marius Hylland,Erling Bjurström Pdf

Through comparative and integrated case studies, this book demonstrates how aesthetics becomes politics in cultural policy. Contributors from Norway, Sweden and the UK analyse exactly what happens when art is considered relevant for societal development, at both a practical and theoretical level. Cultural policy is seen here as a mechanism for translating values, that through organized and practical aesthetical judgement lend different forms of agency to the arts. What happens when aesthetical value is reinterpreted as political value? What kinds of negotiations take place at a cultural policy ground level when values are translated and reinterpreted? By addressing these questions, the editors present an original collection that effectively centralises and investigates the role of aesthetics in cultural policy research.

Governing through Expertise

Annabelle Littoz-Monnet
Governing through Expertise Book PDF

Author : Annabelle Littoz-Monnet
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 175 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2020-11-05
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781108843928

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Governing through Expertise by Annabelle Littoz-Monnet Pdf

A unique analysis of bioethical expertise, 'expert knowledge' which claims authority in the ethical analysis of issues relating to science and technology.

International Heritage Law for Communities

Lucas Lixinski
International Heritage Law for Communities Book PDF

Author : Lucas Lixinski
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2019-05-30
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780192581303

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International Heritage Law for Communities by Lucas Lixinski Pdf

This book critically engages the shortcomings of the field of international heritage law, seen through the lenses of the five major UNESCO treaties for the safeguarding of different types of heritage. It argues that these five treaties have effectively prevented local communities, who bear the brunt of the costs associated with international heritage protection, from having a say in how their heritage is managed. The exclusion of local communities often alienates them not only from international decision-making processes but also from their cultural heritage itself, ultimately meaning that systems put in place for the protection of cultural heritage contribute to its disappearance in the long term. International Heritage Law for Communities adds to existing literature by looking at these UNESCO treaties not as isolated regimes, but rather as belonging to a discursive continuum on cultural heritage. In doing so, the book focuses on themes that cut across the relevant UNESCO regimes like the use of expert rule in international heritage law, economics, the relationship between heritage and the environment, among others, rather than the regimes themselves. It uses this mechanism to highlight the blind spots and unintended consequences of UNESCO treaties and how choices made in their drafting have continuing and potentially negative impacts on how we think about and safeguard heritage.

Changing the Atmosphere

Clark A. Miller,Paul N. Edwards
Changing the Atmosphere Book PDF

Author : Clark A. Miller,Paul N. Edwards
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 406 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0262632195

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Changing the Atmosphere by Clark A. Miller,Paul N. Edwards Pdf

Incorporating historical, sociological, and philosophical approaches, Changing the Atmosphere presents detailed empirical studies of climate science and its uptake into public policy.

The Death of Expertise

Tom Nichols
The Death of Expertise Book PDF

Author : Tom Nichols
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2017-02-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780190469436

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The Death of Expertise by Tom Nichols Pdf

Technology and increasing levels of education have exposed people to more information than ever before. These societal gains, however, have also helped fuel a surge in narcissistic and misguided intellectual egalitarianism that has crippled informed debates on any number of issues. Today, everyone knows everything: with only a quick trip through WebMD or Wikipedia, average citizens believe themselves to be on an equal intellectual footing with doctors and diplomats. All voices, even the most ridiculous, demand to be taken with equal seriousness, and any claim to the contrary is dismissed as undemocratic elitism. Tom Nichols' The Death of Expertise shows how this rejection of experts has occurred: the openness of the internet, the emergence of a customer satisfaction model in higher education, and the transformation of the news industry into a 24-hour entertainment machine, among other reasons. Paradoxically, the increasingly democratic dissemination of information, rather than producing an educated public, has instead created an army of ill-informed and angry citizens who denounce intellectual achievement. When ordinary citizens believe that no one knows more than anyone else, democratic institutions themselves are in danger of falling either to populism or to technocracy or, in the worst case, a combination of both. An update to the 2017breakout hit, the paperback edition of The Death of Expertise provides a new foreword to cover the alarming exacerbation of these trends in the aftermath of Donald Trump's election. Judging from events on the ground since it first published, The Death of Expertise issues a warning about the stability and survival of modern democracy in the Information Age that is even more important today.

Manufacturing Political Trust

Christina Boswell
Manufacturing Political Trust Book PDF

Author : Christina Boswell
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 229 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2018-03
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781108421201

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Manufacturing Political Trust by Christina Boswell Pdf

An original account exploring the use of targets and performance measurement as a response to the crisis of political trust.

Expertise, Policy-Making and Democracy

Johan Christensen,Cathrine Holst,Anders Molander
Expertise Policy Making and Democracy Book PDF

Author : Johan Christensen,Cathrine Holst,Anders Molander
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2022-10-24
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 1003106552

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Expertise, Policy-Making and Democracy by Johan Christensen,Cathrine Holst,Anders Molander Pdf

"This book offers a concise and accessible introduction to debates about expertise, policy-making, and democracy. It uniquely combines an overview of recent research on the policy role of experts with discussions in political philosophy and the philosophy of expertise. Starting with the fact that well-functioning democracies require experts and expert knowledge, the book examines two types of objections against granting experts a larger role in policy-making: concerns that focus on the nature and limits of expert knowledge, and those that concentrate on tensions between expertization and democracy. With this, the book discusses how expert arrangements can be organized to ensure high quality policies and democratic credentials, at the same time. The book will be of interest to scholars and students of Political Theory and Democracy, Public Policy and Administration, and to anyone interested in the role of expertise in society"--

A World of Struggle

David Kennedy
A World of Struggle Book PDF

Author : David Kennedy
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 344 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2018-05-01
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780691180878

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A World of Struggle by David Kennedy Pdf

How today's unjust global order is shaped by uncertain expert knowledge—and how to fix it A World of Struggle reveals the role of expert knowledge in our political and economic life. As politicians, citizens, and experts engage one another on a technocratic terrain of irresolvable argument and uncertain knowledge, a world of astonishing inequality and injustice is born. In this provocative book, David Kennedy draws on his experience working with international lawyers, human rights advocates, policy professionals, economic development specialists, military lawyers, and humanitarian strategists to provide a unique insider's perspective on the complexities of global governance. He describes the conflicts, unexamined assumptions, and assertions of power and entitlement that lie at the center of expert rule. Kennedy explores the history of intellectual innovation by which experts developed a sophisticated legal vocabulary for global management strangely detached from its distributive consequences. At the center of expert rule is struggle: myriad everyday disputes in which expertise drifts free of its moorings in analytic rigor and observable fact. He proposes tools to model and contest expert work and concludes with an in-depth examination of modern law in warfare as an example of sophisticated expertise in action. Charting a major new direction in global governance at a moment when the international order is ready for change, this critically important book explains how we can harness expert knowledge to remake an unjust world.

Rule of Experts

Timothy Mitchell
Rule of Experts Book PDF

Author : Timothy Mitchell
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 436 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2002-11-18
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0520232623

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Rule of Experts by Timothy Mitchell Pdf

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