The Problem Of Value Pluralism

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The Problem of Value Pluralism

George Crowder
The Problem of Value Pluralism Book PDF

Author : George Crowder
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 391 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2019-11-13
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781351754378

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The Problem of Value Pluralism by George Crowder Pdf

Value pluralism is the idea, most prominently endorsed by Isaiah Berlin, that fundamental human values are universal, plural, conflicting, and incommensurable with one another. Incommensurability is the key component of pluralism, undermining familiar monist philosophies such as utilitarianism. But if values are incommensurable, how do we decide between them when they conflict? George Crowder assesses a range of responses to this problem proposed by Berlin and developed by his successors. Three broad approaches are especially important: universalism, contextualism, and conceptualism. Crowder argues that the conceptual approach is the most fruitful, yielding norms of value diversity, personal autonomy, and inclusive democracy. Historical context must also be taken into account. Together these approaches indicate a liberal politics of redistribution, multiculturalism, and constitutionalism, and a public policy in which basic values are carefully balanced. The Problem of Value Pluralism: Isaiah Berlin and Beyond is a uniquely comprehensive survey of the political theory of value pluralism and also an original contribution by a leading voice in the pluralist literature. Scholars and researchers interested in the work of Berlin, liberalism, value pluralism, and related ideas will find this a stimulating and valuable source.

Liberalism and Value Pluralism

George Crowder
Liberalism and Value Pluralism Book PDF

Author : George Crowder
Publisher : A&C Black
Page : 289 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2002-04-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780826450487

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Liberalism and Value Pluralism by George Crowder Pdf

Value pluralism is the idea, associated with the late Isaiah Berlin, that fundamental human values are irreducibly plural and incommensurable. Ends like liberty, equality and community are intrinsic goods which can neither be ranked in an absolute hierarchy nor translated into units of a common denominator. If that is true, how can we choose among such values when they come into conflict in particular cases? In particular, what reason is there to justify the value ranking characteristic of liberal democracy, favouring personal autonomy and toleration? Recent commentators have seen value pluralism as undermining the traditional claims of liberalism to universal authority, rendering it at best no more than one political form among others with no greater claim to legitimacy. Against that view, George Crowder argues that a strong distinctive case for liberalism as a universal project is implied by value pluralism itself. Reflection on the elements of value pluralism yields a set of ethical principles, including respect for universal values, rejection of political utopianism, promotion of value diversity, accommodation of reasonable disagreement, and cultivation of civic virtues. Those principles are best satisfied by a liberal form of politics characterised by a strong commitment to personal autonomy, by policies of moderate redistribution and multiculturalism, and by constitutional restraints on democractic politics. This is the first book-length defence of liberalism on the basis of value pluralism, complementing and extending the work of Berlin and others.

Liberal Pluralism

William Arthur Galston
Liberal Pluralism Book PDF

Author : William Arthur Galston
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 156 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2002-05-06
Category : Law
ISBN : 052101249X

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Liberal Pluralism by William Arthur Galston Pdf

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Pluralism

Maria Baghramian,Attracta Ingram
Pluralism Book PDF

Author : Maria Baghramian,Attracta Ingram
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2014-02-25
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781317835073

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Pluralism by Maria Baghramian,Attracta Ingram Pdf

Cultural, moral and religious diversity is a pervasive feature of modern life, yet has only recently become the focus of intellectual debate. Pluralism is the first book to tackle philosophical pluralism and link pluralist themes in philosophy to politics. A range of essays investigates the philosophical sources of pluralism, the value of pluralism and liberalism, and difference in pluralism, including writings on women and the public-private distinction. This is a valuable source for students of philosophy, politics and cultural studies.

Ethics, Conflict and Medical Treatment for Children E-Book

Dominic Wilkinson,Julian Savulescu
Ethics Conflict and Medical Treatment for Children E Book Book PDF

Author : Dominic Wilkinson,Julian Savulescu
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2018-08-05
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780702077821

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Ethics, Conflict and Medical Treatment for Children E-Book by Dominic Wilkinson,Julian Savulescu Pdf

What should happen when doctors and parents disagree about what would be best for a child? When should courts become involved? Should life support be stopped against parents’ wishes? The case of Charlie Gard, reached global attention in 2017. It led to widespread debate about the ethics of disagreements between doctors and parents, about the place of the law in such disputes, and about the variation in approach between different parts of the world. In this book, medical ethicists Dominic Wilkinson and Julian Savulescu critically examine the ethical questions at the heart of disputes about medical treatment for children. They use the Gard case as a springboard to a wider discussion about the rights of parents, the harms of treatment, and the vital issue of limited resources. They discuss other prominent UK and international cases of disagreement and conflict. From opposite sides of the debate Wilkinson and Savulescu provocatively outline the strongest arguments in favour of and against treatment. They analyse some of the distinctive and challenging features of treatment disputes in the 21st century and argue that disagreement about controversial ethical questions is both inevitable and desirable. They outline a series of lessons from the Gard case and propose a radical new ‘dissensus’ framework for future cases of disagreement. This new book critically examines the core ethical questions at the heart of disputes about medical treatment for children. The contents review prominent cases of disagreement from the UK and internationally and analyse some of the distinctive and challenging features around treatment disputes in the 21st century. The book proposes a radical new framework for future cases of disagreement around the care of gravely ill people.

The Philosophy of Isaiah Berlin

Johnny Lyons
The Philosophy of Isaiah Berlin Book PDF

Author : Johnny Lyons
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 305 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2020-01-23
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781350121454

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The Philosophy of Isaiah Berlin by Johnny Lyons Pdf

'I gradually came to the conclusion that I should prefer a field in which one could hope to know more at the end of one's life than when one had begun.' So thought Isaiah Berlin toward the end of the Second World War, when he decided to bid farewell to philosophy in favour of the history of ideas. In The Philosophy of Isaiah Berlin Johnny Lyons shows that Berlin's approach to intellectual history amounted to the pursuit of philosophy by other means, creating a more original and fruitful engagement with his lifelong subject. By recasting Berlin as a philosopher who took humanity and history seriously, Lyons reveals the underlying unity of his wide-ranging and disparate ideas and throws into sharp relief the enduring moral charm of his outlook. Lyons emphasises aspects of Berlin's thinking that have largely been neglected. These include his recognition of historical contingency and of the importance of truth in human affairs, his scepticism about the so-called implications of determinism for our everyday understanding of freedom, and his deeper reasons for thinking that negative liberty should be valued. This introduction to Berlin's thought, and particularly its examination of these mainly overlooked elements of his outlook, reveals a new Berlin, one with surprising and urgent contemporary relevance to the debates that continue to dominate philosophy, politics and intellectual history today.

The Oxford Handbook of Global Legal Pluralism

Paul Schiff Berman
The Oxford Handbook of Global Legal Pluralism Book PDF

Author : Paul Schiff Berman
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 1133 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2020-09-24
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780197516744

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The Oxford Handbook of Global Legal Pluralism by Paul Schiff Berman Pdf

"Abstract Global legal pluralism has become one of the leading analytical frameworks for understanding and conceptualizing law in the twenty-first century"--

Moral Reasoning in a Pluralistic World

Patricia Marino
Moral Reasoning in a Pluralistic World Book PDF

Author : Patricia Marino
Publisher : McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2015-09-01
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780773597570

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Moral Reasoning in a Pluralistic World by Patricia Marino Pdf

Moral diversity is a fundamental reality of today’s world, but moral theorists have difficulty responding to it. Some take it as evidence for skepticism – the view that there are no moral truths. Others, associating moral reasoning with the search for overarching principles and unifying values, see it as the result of error. In the former case, moral reasoning is useless, since values express individual preferences; in the latter, our reasoning process is dramatically at odds with our lived experience. Moral Reasoning in a Pluralistic World takes a different approach, proposing an alternative way of thinking about moral reasoning and progress by showing how diversity and disagreement are compatible with theorizing and justification. Patricia Marino demonstrates that, instead of being evidence for skepticism and error, moral disagreements often arise because we value things pluralistically. This means that although people share multiple values such as fairness, honesty, loyalty, and benevolence, we interpret and prioritize those values in various ways. Given this pluralistic evaluation process, preferences for unified single-principle theories are not justified. Focusing on finding moral compromises, prioritizing conflicting values, and judging consistently from one case to another, Marino elaborates her ideas in terms of real-life dilemmas, arguing that the moral complexity and conflict we so often encounter can be part of fruitful and logical moral reflection. Aiming to draw new connections and bridge the gap between theoretical ethics and applied ethics, Moral Reasoning in a Pluralistic World offers a sophisticated set of philosophical arguments on moral reasoning and pluralism with real world applications.

Pragmatism, Pluralism, and the Nature of Philosophy

Scott F. Aikin,Robert B. Talisse
Pragmatism Pluralism and the Nature of Philosophy Book PDF

Author : Scott F. Aikin,Robert B. Talisse
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 265 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2017-10-30
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781351811316

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Pragmatism, Pluralism, and the Nature of Philosophy by Scott F. Aikin,Robert B. Talisse Pdf

For the past fifteen years, Aikin and Talisse have been working collaboratively on a new vision of American pragmatism, one which sees pragmatism as a living and developing philosophical idiom that originates in the work of the "classical" pragmatisms of Charles Peirce, William James, and John Dewey, uninterruptedly develops through the later 20th Century pragmatists (C. I. Lewis, Wilfrid Sellars, Nelson Goodman, W. V. O. Quine), and continues through the present day. According to Aikin and Talisse, pragmatism is fundamentally a metaphilosophical proposal – a methodological suggestion for carrying inquiry forward amidst ongoing deep disagreement over the aims, limitations, and possibilities of philosophy. This conception of pragmatism not only runs contrary to the dominant self-understanding among cotemporary philosophers who identify with the classical pragmatists, it also holds important implications for pragmatist philosophy. In particular, Aikin and Talisse show that their version of pragmatism involves distinctive claims about epistemic justification, moral disagreement, democratic citizenship, and the conduct of inquiry. The chapters combine detailed engagements with the history and development of pragmatism with original argumentation aimed at a philosophical audience beyond pragmatism.

The Political Problem of Religious Pluralism

Thaddeus J. Kozinski
The Political Problem of Religious Pluralism Book PDF

Author : Thaddeus J. Kozinski
Publisher : Lexington Books
Page : 290 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780739141687

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The Political Problem of Religious Pluralism by Thaddeus J. Kozinski Pdf

In contemporary political philosophy, there is much debate over how to maintain a public order in pluralistic democracies in which citizens hold radically different religious views. The Political Problem of Religious Pluralism deals with this theoretically and practically difficult issue by examining three of the most influential figures of religious pluralism theory: John Rawls, Jacques Maritain, and Alasdair MacIntyre. Drawing on a diverse number of sources, Kozinski addresses the flaws in each philosopher's views and shows that the only philosophically defensible end of any overlapping consensus political order must be the eradication of the ideological pluralism that makes it necessary. In other words, a pluralistic society should have as its primary political aim to create the political conditions for the communal discovery and political establishment of that unifying tradition within which political justice can most effectively be obtained. Kozinski's analysis, though exhaustive and rigorous, still remains accessible and engaging, even for a reader unversed in the works of Rawls, Maritain, and MacIntyre. Interdisciplinary and multi-thematic in nature, it will appeal to anyone interested in the intersection of religion, politics, and culture.

Philosophy and Pluralism

David Archard
Philosophy and Pluralism Book PDF

Author : David Archard
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 1996-04-26
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780521567503

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Philosophy and Pluralism by David Archard Pdf

Introduction - DAVID ARCHARD

Spheres Of Justice

Michael Walzer
Spheres Of Justice Book PDF

Author : Michael Walzer
Publisher : Basic Books
Page : 366 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2008-08-05
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780786724390

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Spheres Of Justice by Michael Walzer Pdf

The distinguished political philosopher and author of the widely acclaimed Just and Unjust Wars analyzes how society distributes not just wealth and power but other social “goods” like honor, education, work, free time—even love.

A Democratic Theory of Judgment

Linda M.G. Zerilli
A Democratic Theory of Judgment Book PDF

Author : Linda M.G. Zerilli
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 401 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2016-12-12
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780226398037

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A Democratic Theory of Judgment by Linda M.G. Zerilli Pdf

In this sweeping look at political and philosophical history, Linda M. G. Zerilli unpacks the tightly woven core of Hannah Arendt’s unfinished work on a tenacious modern problem: how to judge critically in the wake of the collapse of inherited criteria of judgment. Engaging a remarkable breadth of thinkers, including Ludwig Wittgenstein, Leo Strauss, Immanuel Kant, Frederick Douglass, John Rawls, Jürgen Habermas, Martha Nussbaum, and many others, Zerilli clears a hopeful path between an untenable universalism and a cultural relativism that forever defers the possibility of judging at all. Zerilli deftly outlines the limitations of existing debates, both those that concern themselves with the impossibility of judging across cultures and those that try to find transcendental, rational values to anchor judgment. Looking at Kant through the lens of Arendt, Zerilli develops the notion of a public conception of truth, and from there she explores relativism, historicism, and universalism as they shape feminist approaches to judgment. Following Arendt even further, Zerilli arrives at a hopeful new pathway—seeing the collapse of philosophical criteria for judgment not as a problem but a way to practice judgment anew as a world-building activity of democratic citizens. The result is an astonishing theoretical argument that travels through—and goes beyond—some of the most important political thought of the modern period.

The Morality of Pluralism

John Kekes
The Morality of Pluralism Book PDF

Author : John Kekes
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 1996-03-04
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781400821105

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The Morality of Pluralism by John Kekes Pdf

Controversies about abortion, the environment, pornography, AIDS, and similar issues naturally lead to the question of whether there are any values that can be ultimately justified, or whether values are simply conventional. John Kekes argues that the present moral and political uncertainties are due to a deep change in our society from a dogmatic to a pluralistic view of values. Dogmatism is committed to there being only one justifiable system of values. Pluralism recognizes many such systems, and yet it avoids a chaotic relativism according to which all values are in the end arbitrary. Maintaining that good lives must be reasonable, but denying that they must conform to one true pattern, Kekes develops and justifies a pluralistic account of good lives and values, and works out its political, moral, and personal implications.

Pluralism

Peter Lassman
Pluralism Book PDF

Author : Peter Lassman
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 170 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2013-04-26
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780745637242

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Pluralism by Peter Lassman Pdf

The problem of value pluralism permeates modern political philosophy. Its presence can be felt even when it is not explicitly the central topic under investigation. Political thinkers such as Max Weber, Isaiah Berlin and Stuart Hampshire derive pessimistic, sometimes tragic, conclusions from their reflections upon pluralism. On the other hand, there is a more optimistic view represented by John Rawls and Jürgen Habermas that sees value pluralism as a problem that is easier to live with. This book presents the first accessible overview for both post- and undergraduate students of the way in which this problem has been understood and responded to by modern political thinkers.