The Retina And Circadian Rhythms

Author : Gianluca Tosini,P. Michael Iuvone,Douglas G. McMahon,Shaun P. Collin
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 245 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2014-01-09
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781461496137

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The Retina and Circadian Rhythms by Gianluca Tosini,P. Michael Iuvone,Douglas G. McMahon,Shaun P. Collin Pdf

Daily rhythms are a ubiquitous feature of living systems. Generally, these rhythms are not just passive consequences of cyclic fluctuations in the environment, but instead originate within the organism. In mammals, including humans, the master pacemaker controlling 24-hour rhythms is localized in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus (SCN). This circadian clock is responsible for the temporal organization of a wide variety of functions, ranging from sleep and food intake, to physiological measures such as body temperature, heart rate and hormone release. Moreover, accumulating evidence suggests that dysfunction of the circadian rhythms due to genetic mutations or environmental factors (i.e., jet-lag or shift work) contribute to the development of many pathologies, including sleep disorders, mood and affective disorders such as major depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, as well as the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 380 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2022-08-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780323859448

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Circadian and Visual Neuroscience by Anonim Pdf

Circadian and Visual Neuroscience, Volume 273 in the Methods in Enzymology series, highlights new advances in the field with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on topics including Optical set-ups, Psychophysics of Luminance and Color Vision, Psychophysics of non-visual photoreception PRC/IRC/DRC/Spectral Sensitivity, Circadian and visual photometry, Modelling (retina), Modelling (circadian), Techniques for examining vision at the cellular level, Advanced techniques for characterizing the world hyperspectrally, Circadian physiology in mice: Melanopsin, Circadian physiology in mice: Color and cones, Translational aspects of animal studies, Retinal clocks, Primate non-visual physiology, Light and mood in animal models, and much more. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in Progress in Brain Research series Updated release includes the latest information on Circadian and Visual Neuroscience

Author : Michael Menaker
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 96 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2014-05-18
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781483138916

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Extraretinal Photoreception by Michael Menaker Pdf

Extraretinal Photoreception

Author : Susan Elizabeth Doyle
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Electronic
ISBN : UVA:X004612332

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Dopamine Rhythms in the Mammalian Retina by Susan Elizabeth Doyle Pdf

Author : Pavol Svorc
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 109 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2019-12-18
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781789849004

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Chronobiology by Pavol Svorc Pdf

The regular alternation of light and dark affects not only human biological systems, but also the social organization of behavior. The effect of such light modes is manifested in periodic changes in physiological functions and biological rhythms exhibited at every level of life. The book discusses some of the specificities of the circadian rhythms in living organisms and mentions aspects of the control of circadian rhythms as well as experimental and clinical cases that are closely related to circadian disruption. This book can evoke interest in many researchers who want to use this information for the advancement of their research towards a better understanding of the biological time structure.

Author : Etienne Challet,Andries Kalsbeek
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 190 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2017-09-18
Category : Electronic book
ISBN : 9782889452828

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Circadian Rhythms and Metabolism by Etienne Challet,Andries Kalsbeek Pdf

One of the major breakthroughs of the last decade in the understanding of energy homeostasis is the identification of a reciprocal control between circadian rhythmicity and cellular metabolism. Circadian rhythmicity is a fundamental endogenous process of almost every organism living on Earth. For instance, the alternation of hunger and satiety is not continuous over 24 h, but is instead structured in time along the light/dark cycle. In mammals, the temporal organization of metabolism, physiology and behavior around 24 h is controlled by a network of multiple cellular clocks, synchronized via neuronal and hormonal signals by a master clock located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus. This central circadian conductor in the brain is mainly reset by ambient light perceived by the retina, while secondary circadian clocks in other brain areas and peripheral organs can be reset by meal timing. Chronic disruption of circadian rhythms, as seen in human shift-workers (up to 20% of the active population), has been associated with the development of a number of adverse mental and metabolic conditions. Understanding of the functional links between circadian desynchronization and overall health in animal models and humans, however, is still scarce. Interactions between circadian clocks and metabolism can occur at different levels: the molecular clockwork, internal synchronization via neuro-hormonal signals, or external synchronization via photic or feeding cues. This Research Topic comprises a number of reviews as well as research and methods articles that feature recent advancements in the mechanisms linking circadian clocks with energy metabolism, and the pathophysiological implications of these interactions for metabolic health.

Author : Jens Hannibal,J. Fahrenkrug
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 84 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2006-06-07
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783540277897

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Neuronal Input Pathways to the Brain's Biological Clock and their Functional Significance by Jens Hannibal,J. Fahrenkrug Pdf

Rhythmic changes in physiology and behaviour within a 24 h period occur in living organisms on earth to meet the challenges associated with the daily changes in the external environment. The circadian pacemaker responsible for the temporal internal organisation and the generation of endogenous rhythms of approximately 24 h is located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in mammals. The endogenous period generated by the pacemaker is close to, but generally not equal to 24 h and the biological clock therefore needs to be daily adjusted (entrained) by external cues. The daily alteration of light and darkness due to the rotation of our planet on its own axis in relation to the sun is the most prominent "zeitgeber" which adjusts the phase of the circadian rhythms to the astronomical day length, a process known as photoentrainment. In mammals, light is perceived only through photoreceptors located in the retina. Light information is mediated to the SCN via the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT) by activation of the classical photoreceptor system of rods and cones and a more recently identified system of intrinsic photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) using melanopsin as a photopigment.

Author : Girish Bhardwaj
Publisher : Notion Press
Page : 130 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2021-09-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781685234683

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Phenomenon of Light by Girish Bhardwaj Pdf

We all must be aware of the physiology of human beings and plants with respect to the impacts of artificial and natural light. As we are spending maximum of our times staying in indoors, thus it is an essential way of approach, to succeed in our mission of wellbeing and healthy living through the time cue- LIGHT. “GIVE WAY TO THE NATURAL LIGHT”: Deciding on a lighting scheme does not mean deciding only for artificial lighting. Natural lighting is a boon. Even if it is required, make changes according to how the natural sunlight lights up your room. There are several other techniques to aim the incident rays of natural light to a different plane by reflecting those rays. This phrase “close to the sunlight” can be used as a comparisons for the visual acuity along with some parameters like heat, infrared, ultraviolet waves, and intensity of the spectral power distribution. The question is how, what and why? “LIGHT IS THE GOVERNOR OF THE UNIVERSE, AND OUR BODY IS A TYPE OF LITTLE UNIVERSE BY ITSELF.”

Author : Urs Albrecht
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 300 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2010-01-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781441912626

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The Circadian Clock by Urs Albrecht Pdf

With the invitation to edit this volume, I wanted to take the opportunity to assemble reviews on different aspects of circadian clocks and rhythms. Although most c- tributions in this volume focus on mammalian circadian clocks, the historical int- duction and comparative clocks section illustrate the importance of various other organisms in deciphering the mechanisms and principles of circadian biology. Circadian rhythms have been studied for centuries, but only recently, a mole- lar understanding of this process has emerged. This has taken research on circadian clocks from mystic phenomenology to a mechanistic level; chains of molecular events can describe phenomena with remarkable accuracy. Nevertheless, current models of the functioning of circadian clocks are still rudimentary. This is not due to the faultiness of discovered mechanisms, but due to the lack of undiscovered processes involved in contributing to circadian rhythmicity. We know for example, that the general circadian mechanism is not regulated equally in all tissues of m- mals. Hence, a lot still needs to be discovered to get a full understanding of cir- dian rhythms at the systems level. In this respect, technology has advanced at high speed in the last years and provided us with data illustrating the sheer complexity of regulation of physiological processes in organisms. To handle this information, computer aided integration of the results is of utmost importance in order to d- cover novel concepts that ultimately need to be tested experimentally.

Author : Arturo Ortega,Mario Caba,Pevet Paul
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 105 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2020-11-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782889661312

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Disorders of Circadian Rhythms by Arturo Ortega,Mario Caba,Pevet Paul Pdf

This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.

Author : Russell Foster,Leon Kreitzman
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 144 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2017-03-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780191027475

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Circadian Rhythms: A Very Short Introduction by Russell Foster,Leon Kreitzman Pdf

The earth's daily rotation affects just about every living creature. From dawn through to dusk, there are changes in light, temperature, humidity, and rainfall. However, these changes are regular, rhythmic and, therefore, predictable. Thus, the near 24 hour circadian rhythm is innate: a genetically programmed clock that essentially ticks of its own accord. This Very Short Introduction explains how organisms can "know" the time and reveals what we now understand of the nature and operation of chronobiological processes. Covering variables such as light, the metabolism, human health, and the seasons, Foster and Kreitzman illustrate how jet lag and shift work can impact on human well-being, and consider circadian rhythms alongside a wide range of disorders, from schizophrenia to obesity. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 512 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780444594549

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The Neurobiology of Circadian Timing by Anonim Pdf

Leading authors review the state-of-the-art in their field of investigation, and provide their views and perspectives for future research Chapters are extensively referenced to provide readers with a comprehensive list of resources on the topics covered All chapters include comprehensive background information and are written in a clear form that is also accessible to the non-specialist Leading authors review the state-of-the-art in their field of investigation, and provide their views and perspectives for future research Chapters are extensively referenced to provide readers with a comprehensive list of resources on the topics covered All chapters include comprehensive background information and are written in a clear form that is also accessible to the non-specialist

Author : Matthew M. LaVail,John Ash,Robert E. Anderson,Joe G. Hollyfield,Christian Grimm
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 867 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2011-12-21
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781461406310

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Retinal Degenerative Diseases by Matthew M. LaVail,John Ash,Robert E. Anderson,Joe G. Hollyfield,Christian Grimm Pdf

This book will contain the proceedings of the XIV International Symposium on Retinal Degeneration (RD2010), held July 13-17, 2010, in Mont-Tremblant, Quebec, Canada. The volume will present representative state-of-the-art research in almost all areas of retinal degenerations, ranging from cytopathologic, physiologic, diagnostic and clinical aspects; animal models; mechanisms of cell death; candidate genes, cloning, mapping and other aspects of molecular genetics; and developing potential therapeutic measures such as gene therapy and neuroprotective agents for potential pharmaceutical therapy.

Author : D.L. Denlinger,J. Giebultowicz,D.S. Saunders
Publisher : Gulf Professional Publishing
Page : 245 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2001-06-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780444506085

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Insect Timing by D.L. Denlinger,J. Giebultowicz,D.S. Saunders Pdf

Now that many of the clock genes have been identified it is possible to track daily patterns of clock-related mRNAs and proteins to link the entraining light cycles with molecular oscillations within the cell. Insect experiments have led the way in demonstrating that the concept of a "master clock" can no longer be used to explain the temporal organization within an animal. Insects have a multitude of cellular clocks that can function independently and retain their function under organ culture conditions, and they thus offer a premier system for studying how the hierarchical organization of clocks results in the overall temporal organization of the animal. Photoperiodism, and its most obvious manifestation, diapause, does not yet have the molecular underpinning that has been established for circadian rhythms, but recent studies are beginning to identify genes that appear to be involved in the regulation of diapause.

Author : Joseph S. Takahashi,Fred W. Turek,Robert Y. Moore
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 820 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2001-09-30
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0306465043

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Circadian Clocks by Joseph S. Takahashi,Fred W. Turek,Robert Y. Moore Pdf

The nature of the circadian clocks is described at the molecular, cellular, tissue, and system levels of organization in diverse organisms. The central role of the circadian clock in the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle as well as seasonal rhythms and other cyclical processes is also discussed. The importance of the circadian clock system for human health, safety, performance, and productivity is also reviewed in this volume."--BOOK JACKET.