The Spanish Civil War At Sea

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The Spanish Civil War at Sea

Michael Alpert
The Spanish Civil War at Sea Book PDF

Author : Michael Alpert
Publisher : Pen and Sword Maritime
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2021-07-30
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1526764369

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The Spanish Civil War at Sea by Michael Alpert Pdf

The Spanish Civil War of 1936-1939 underlined the importance of the sea as the supply route to both General Franco's insurgents and the Spanish Republic. There were attempted blockades by Franco as well as attacks by his Italian and German allies against legitimate neutral, largely British, merchant shipping bound for Spanish Republican ports and challenges to the Royal Navy, which was obliged to maintain a heavy presence in the area. The conflict provoked splits in British public opinion. Events at sea both created and reflected the international tensions of the latter 1930s, when the policy of appeasement of Germany and Italy dissuaded Britain from taking action against those countries' activities in Spain, except to participate in a largely ineffective naval patrol to try to prevent the supply of war material to both sides. The book is based on original documentary sources in both Britain and Spain and is intended for the general reader as well as students and academics interested in the history of the 1930s, in naval matters and in the Spanish Civil War.

The Spanish Civil War at Sea

Michael Alpert
The Spanish Civil War at Sea Book PDF

Author : Michael Alpert
Publisher : Pen and Sword Maritime
Page : 350 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2021-09-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9781526764379

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The Spanish Civil War at Sea by Michael Alpert Pdf

The Spanish Civil War of 1936-1939 underlined the importance of the sea as the supply route to both General Franco's insurgents and the Spanish Republic. There were attempted blockades by Franco as well as attacks by his Italian and German allies against legitimate neutral, largely British, merchant shipping bound for Spanish Republican ports and challenges to the Royal Navy, which was obliged to maintain a heavy presence in the area. The conflict provoked splits in British public opinion. Events at sea both created and reflected the international tensions of the latter 1930s, when the policy of appeasement of Germany and Italy dissuaded Britain from taking action against those countries’ activities in Spain, except to participate in a largely ineffective naval patrol to try to prevent the supply of war material to both sides. The book is based on original documentary sources in both Britain and Spain and is intended for the general reader as well as students and academics interested in the history of the 1930s, in naval matters and in the Spanish Civil War.

Influence of Naval Power on the Course of the Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939

Anonim
Influence of Naval Power on the Course of the Spanish Civil War 1936 1939 Book PDF

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 49 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:227954241

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Influence of Naval Power on the Course of the Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939 by Anonim Pdf

The role of the great powers in the Spanish Civil War and the war on land that they were able to influence has been much studied. What has not been studied or well understood to a great extent is the role that naval power played and its decisive influence on the war fought on the Iberian Peninsula. To appreciate how the rebels (or Nationalists) were able to overthrow a left of center but very much democratically elected government (the Republicans) it is important to understand the role that sea power played. Spain historically has been very dependent upon imports and diligently maintained sea lines of communication with a relatively strong navy. When the government was not quickly overthrown in a coup, the coup degenerated into a war of attrition. Accordingly, each side quickly became dependent upon the importation of war materials. Should either the Republicans or Nationalists not be able to maintain their sea lines of communication, the war would be lost despite the valiant efforts of the soldiers on land. Fundamentally, the government of Spain, the Republic, lost the Spanish Civil War because they were not able to control the seas and maintain the sea lines of communication.

Influence of Naval Power on the Course of the Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939

John M. Kersh,Army War College (U.S.)
Influence of Naval Power on the Course of the Spanish Civil War 1936 1939 Book PDF

Author : John M. Kersh,Army War College (U.S.)
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 42 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Spain
ISBN : OCLC:47078252

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Influence of Naval Power on the Course of the Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939 by John M. Kersh,Army War College (U.S.) Pdf

The role of the great powers in the Spanish Civil War and the war on land that they were able to influence has been much studied. What has not been studied or well understood to a great extent is the role that naval power played and its decisive influence on the war fought on the Iberian Peninsula. To appreciate how the rebels (or Nationalists) were able to overthrow a left of center but very much democratically elected government (the Republicans) it is important to understand the role that sea power played. Spain historically has been very dependent upon imports and diligently maintained sea lines of communication with a relatively strong navy. When the government was not quickly overthrown in a coup, the coup degenerated into a war of attrition. Accordingly, each side quickly became dependent upon the importation of war materials. Should either the Republicans or Nationalists not be able to maintain their sea lines of communication, the war would be lost despite the valiant efforts of the soldiers on land. Fundamentally, the government of Spain, the Republic, lost the Spanish Civil War because they were not able to control the seas and maintain the sea lines of communication.

Franco's Pirates

E. R. Hooton
Franco s Pirates Book PDF

Author : E. R. Hooton
Publisher : Casemate
Page : 290 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2024-05-31
Category : History
ISBN : 9781636242767

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Franco's Pirates by E. R. Hooton Pdf

The first comprehensive account of the naval aspects of the Spanish Civil War. The Spanish Civil War was won and lost upon the high seas. It was won because the Nationalists had an uninterrupted flow of men and materials while Republican sea lanes were attacked by Fascist warships, submarines, and aircraft—the pirates of the title. These attacks also involved dozens of foreign merchantmen and warships, including American, as well as hundreds of men, women, and boys. The worst affected was the British merchant marine, which dominated Spanish trade—some owners used rust buckets to maximise profits in a trade, which resulted in the loss of 66 British lives. The naval element of the Spanish Civil War began with a rebellion followed by a mutiny and a massacre. Both the German and Italian navies became involved in the naval war, attacking Spanish ships and then British warships and merchantmen. A blockade in the north led to confrontations between the Royal Navy and Nationalist Navy, the mining of a British liner and tales of daring among determined British master mariners. Later in the war there were attacks by Italian surface warships, submarines, and aircraft against foreign shipping in the Mediterranean and Aegean leading to the British and French threatening pirate submarines. This is a story of exploitation, heroism, chauvinism, piracy, international inaction, and espionage which has never been told. It includes details of such things as the first aerial campaign against shipping and the first operational use of sonar against a submarine.

Warships in the Spanish Civil War

Angus Konstam
Warships in the Spanish Civil War Book PDF

Author : Angus Konstam
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 49 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2021-10-28
Category : History
ISBN : 9781472848680

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Warships in the Spanish Civil War by Angus Konstam Pdf

This detailed study of the naval Spanish Civil War describes how the Spanish Navy, torn in two and comprising a Republican and Nationalist part, fought a civil war at sea involving both Hitler's and Mussolini's navies. In July 1936, a pro-fascist coup orchestrated by General Franco tore Spain apart and plunged the country into a bitter civil war. Like Spain itself, the Spanish Navy was torn in two: crews and most ships remained loyal to the Republican government but many of the Navy's officers joined Franco's rebels, and warships under repair or 'mothballed' in southern ports soon fell to the rebel advance. These formed the basis of Franco's 'Nationalist fleet,' and with both Italian and German help, the rebels were able to contest the Republic's control of Spanish waters. Overall the Republican Navy held its own, despite mounting losses, until the collapse of the Republican Army led to the fleet seeking internment in French North Africa. Packed with contemporary photographs and full colour illustrations, this study examines the composition and organization of the two rival fleets, the capabilities of their ships and submarines, and the performance of their crews. It also covers the warships of the Basque Auxiliary Navy - an offshoot of the Republican Fleet - and other navies who played a part in the conflict, most notably the Italian Regia Marina.

Warships in the Spanish Civil War

Angus Konstam
Warships in the Spanish Civil War Book PDF

Author : Angus Konstam
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 49 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2021-10-28
Category : History
ISBN : 9781472848673

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Warships in the Spanish Civil War by Angus Konstam Pdf

This detailed study of the naval Spanish Civil War describes how the Spanish Navy, torn in two and comprising a Republican and Nationalist part, fought a civil war at sea involving both Hitler's and Mussolini's navies. In July 1936, a pro-fascist coup orchestrated by General Franco tore Spain apart and plunged the country into a bitter civil war. Like Spain itself, the Spanish Navy was torn in two: crews and most ships remained loyal to the Republican government but many of the Navy's officers joined Franco's rebels, and warships under repair or 'mothballed' in southern ports soon fell to the rebel advance. These formed the basis of Franco's 'Nationalist fleet,' and with both Italian and German help, the rebels were able to contest the Republic's control of Spanish waters. Overall the Republican Navy held its own, despite mounting losses, until the collapse of the Republican Army led to the fleet seeking internment in French North Africa. Packed with contemporary photographs and full colour illustrations, this study examines the composition and organization of the two rival fleets, the capabilities of their ships and submarines, and the performance of their crews. It also covers the warships of the Basque Auxiliary Navy - an offshoot of the Republican Fleet - and other navies who played a part in the conflict, most notably the Italian Regia Marina.

The Spanish-American War at Sea

A. B. Feuer
The Spanish American War at Sea Book PDF

Author : A. B. Feuer
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Page : 278 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 1995-09-26
Category : History
ISBN : 9780313022166

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The Spanish-American War at Sea by A. B. Feuer Pdf

By piecing together diaries, letters, scrapbooks, and rare privately printed memoirs, the author has created a story which tells how America's ragtag navy—composed mainly of converted yachts, steamers and tugboats—was able to fight and win against the more powerful Spanish gunboats. The naval battles fought in places like Santiago, Cardenas, Cienfuegos, Manzanillo, Port Nipe, Guantanamo, San Juan, Guanica, and Ponce come alive in this book. The stories of the brave little ships that fought these battles—with names like the Gloucester and the Yosemite—at times against overwhelming odds, demonstrates the excellent training of the men who manned their guns under leadership of daring officers. This book fills in many of the missing pieces in the history of the Spanish-American War.

The Influence of Naval Power on the Course of the Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939

John M. Kersh
The Influence of Naval Power on the Course of the Spanish Civil War 1936 1939 Book PDF

Author : John M. Kersh
Publisher : Nimble Books
Page : 50 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2010-06
Category : History
ISBN : 1608880265

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The Influence of Naval Power on the Course of the Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939 by John M. Kersh Pdf

The Spanish Civil War was a proving ground for new military technologies--but it also served to reaffirm fundamental strategic and geographic principles. In this essay written at the U.S. Army War College, Commander Kersh argues that the Republican cause lost because it was unable to control the sea lines of communication that have always been so important to Spain. The cover photo shows the German pocket battleship ADMIRAL SCHEER in Gibraltar in 1936.

Sea Planes of the Legion Condor

Rafael Permuy,Rafael Permuy Lpez
Sea Planes of the Legion Condor Book PDF

Author : Rafael Permuy,Rafael Permuy Lpez
Publisher : Schiffer Publishing
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2009-08-28
Category : History
ISBN : 0764333410

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Sea Planes of the Legion Condor by Rafael Permuy,Rafael Permuy Lpez Pdf

Among the different Luftwaffe units that formed the Legion Condor, one in particular stands out for its important Naval Air contribution: the Aufklrungsstaffel See/88 (AS./88 or the Maritime Reconnaissance Squadron), although it was also officially designated the Seefliegerstaffel AS./88 or Naval Air Squadron AS./88. AS./88 Squadron employed the following aircraft during the Spanish campaign: Heinkel He 59 bomber, torpedo and reconnaissance seaplanes; He 60 close reconnaissance/bomber seaplanes; He 115 A-0 reconnaissance/torpedo seaplanes; and float-fitted Junkers Ju 52s. Presented here are previously unpublished aspects regarding the operations and war service of both the personnel and aircraft of AS./88, which, during a period of three years, participated directly in the Spanish Civil War of 1936-1939 on the Nationalist side.

The Spanish Civil War: A Very Short Introduction

Helen Graham
The Spanish Civil War A Very Short Introduction Book PDF

Author : Helen Graham
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 193 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2005-03-24
Category : History
ISBN : 0192803778

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The Spanish Civil War: A Very Short Introduction by Helen Graham Pdf

"Helen Graham highlights the domestic and international context of the Spanish Civil War, and reveals its origins in the political and cultural anxieties provoked by the rapid modernization of Europe. Using personal narratives, she combines a powerfully human account of the war an its aftermath with a disturbing ethical enquiry into its legacy for the 21st century."--BOOK JACKET.

The Civil War at Sea

Craig L. Symonds
The Civil War at Sea Book PDF

Author : Craig L. Symonds
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 258 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : History
ISBN : 9780199931682

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The Civil War at Sea by Craig L. Symonds Pdf

Continuing in the vein of the Lincoln-prize winning Lincoln and His Admirals, acclaimed naval historian Craig L. Symonds presents an operational history of the Civil War navies - both Union and Confederate - in this concise volume. Illuminating how various aspects of the naval engagement influenced the trajectory of the war as a whole, The Civil War at Sea adds to our understanding of America's great national conflict. Both the North and the South developed and deployed hundreds of warships between 1861 and 1865. Because the Civil War coincided with a revolution in naval techonology, the development and character of warfare at sea from 1861-1865 was dramatic and unprecedented. Rather than a simple chronology of the war at sea, Symonds addresses the story of the naval war topically, from the dramatic transformation wrought by changes in technology to the establishment, management, and impact of blockade. He also offers critical assessments of principal figures in the naval war, from the opposing secretaries of the navy to leading operational commanders such as David Glasgow Farragut and Raphael Semmes. Symonds brings his expertise and knowledge of military and technological history to bear in this essential exploration of American naval engagement throughout the Civil War.

The International Context of the Spanish Civil War

Gaynor Johnson
The International Context of the Spanish Civil War Book PDF

Author : Gaynor Johnson
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Page : 205 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2009-03-26
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
ISBN : 9781443809436

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The International Context of the Spanish Civil War by Gaynor Johnson Pdf

This book, which consists of essays by leading scholars in the field of twentieth century international history, examines the wider context of one of the most bitter and bloody civil wars in European history - the Spanish Civil War. The chapters discuss all of the major debates that surround the ideological and political context of the war, including the extent to which it could be regarded as a 'dress rehearsal' for the Second World War. The book also debates the nature of civil war in the twentieth century and as such will be of interest to military and international historians as well as to historians of the history of ideas.

Homage to Catalonia

George Orwell
Homage to Catalonia Book PDF

Author : George Orwell
Publisher : E-Kitap Projesi & Cheapest Books
Page : 274 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2023-11-27
Category : Fiction
ISBN : 9786257120869

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Homage to Catalonia by George Orwell Pdf

Homage to Catalonia is George Orwell's personal account of his experiences and observations fighting for the POUM militia of the Republican army during the Spanish Civil War. The war was one of the defining events of his political outlook and a significant part of what led him to write in 1946, "Every line of serious work that I have written since 1936 has been written, directly or indirectly, against totalitarianism and for Democratic Socialism, as I understand it." The first edition was published in the United Kingdom in 1938. The book was not published in the United States until February 1952, when it appeared with an influential preface by Lionel Trilling. The only translation published in Orwell's lifetime was into Italian, in December 1948. A French translation by Yvonne Davet-with whom Orwell corresponded, commenting on her translation and providing explanatory notes-in 1938-39, was not published until five years after Orwell's death. Book Summary: Orwell served as a private, a corporal (cabo) and-when the informal command structure of the militia gave way to a conventional hierarchy in May 1937-as a lieutenant, on a provisional basis, in Catalonia and Aragon from December 1936 until June 1937. In June 1937, the leftist political party with whose militia he served (the POUM, the Workers' Party of Marxist Unification, an anti-Stalinist communist party) was declared an illegal organisation, and Orwell was consequently forced to flee. Having arrived in Barcelona on 26 December 1936, Orwell told John McNair, the Independent Labour Party's (ILP) representative there, that he had "come to Spain to join the militia to fight against Fascism." He also told McNair that "he would like to write about the situation and endeavour to stir working class opinion in Britain and France." McNair took him to the POUM barracks, where Orwell immediately enlisted. "Orwell did not know that two months before he arrived in Spain, the [Soviet law enforcement agency] NKVD's resident in Spain, Aleksandr Orlov, had assured NKVD Headquarters, 'the Trotskyist organisation POUM can easily be liquidated'-by those, the Communists, whom Orwell took to be allies in the fight against Franco."

The Fifth Column

Ernest Hemingway
The Fifth Column Book PDF

Author : Ernest Hemingway
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
Page : 277 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2002-07-25
Category : Fiction
ISBN : 9780743237161

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The Fifth Column by Ernest Hemingway Pdf

Featuring Hemingway's only full-length play, The Fifth Column and Four Stories of the Spanish Civil War brilliantly evokes the tumultuous Spain of the 1930s. These works, which grew from Hemingway's adventures as a newspaper correspondent in and around besieged Madrid, movingly portray the effects of war on soldiers, civilians, and the correspondents sent to cover it. He provides unique insight into how the city itself and the people within it functioned during this time of war. Through love, hate, fear, and brutality, Hemingway explores the complexities that times of war contain in his famed powerful prose.