Warships In The Spanish Civil War

Author : Michael Alpert
Publisher : Pen and Sword Maritime
Page : 350 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2021-09-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9781526764379

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The Spanish Civil War at Sea by Michael Alpert Pdf

The Spanish Civil War of 1936-1939 underlined the importance of the sea as the supply route to both General Franco's insurgents and the Spanish Republic. There were attempted blockades by Franco as well as attacks by his Italian and German allies against legitimate neutral, largely British, merchant shipping bound for Spanish Republican ports and challenges to the Royal Navy, which was obliged to maintain a heavy presence in the area. The conflict provoked splits in British public opinion. Events at sea both created and reflected the international tensions of the latter 1930s, when the policy of appeasement of Germany and Italy dissuaded Britain from taking action against those countries’ activities in Spain, except to participate in a largely ineffective naval patrol to try to prevent the supply of war material to both sides. The book is based on original documentary sources in both Britain and Spain and is intended for the general reader as well as students and academics interested in the history of the 1930s, in naval matters and in the Spanish Civil War.

Author : Angus Konstam
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 49 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2021-10-28
Category : History
ISBN : 9781472848673

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Warships in the Spanish Civil War by Angus Konstam Pdf

This detailed study of the naval Spanish Civil War describes how the Spanish Navy, torn in two and comprising a Republican and Nationalist part, fought a civil war at sea involving both Hitler's and Mussolini's navies. In July 1936, a pro-fascist coup orchestrated by General Franco tore Spain apart and plunged the country into a bitter civil war. Like Spain itself, the Spanish Navy was torn in two: crews and most ships remained loyal to the Republican government but many of the Navy's officers joined Franco's rebels, and warships under repair or 'mothballed' in southern ports soon fell to the rebel advance. These formed the basis of Franco's 'Nationalist fleet,' and with both Italian and German help, the rebels were able to contest the Republic's control of Spanish waters. Overall the Republican Navy held its own, despite mounting losses, until the collapse of the Republican Army led to the fleet seeking internment in French North Africa. Packed with contemporary photographs and full colour illustrations, this study examines the composition and organization of the two rival fleets, the capabilities of their ships and submarines, and the performance of their crews. It also covers the warships of the Basque Auxiliary Navy - an offshoot of the Republican Fleet - and other navies who played a part in the conflict, most notably the Italian Regia Marina.

Author : E. R. Hooton
Publisher : Casemate
Page : 290 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2024-05-31
Category : History
ISBN : 9781636242767

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Franco's Pirates by E. R. Hooton Pdf

The first comprehensive account of the naval aspects of the Spanish Civil War. The Spanish Civil War was won and lost upon the high seas. It was won because the Nationalists had an uninterrupted flow of men and materials while Republican sea lanes were attacked by Fascist warships, submarines, and aircraft—the pirates of the title. These attacks also involved dozens of foreign merchantmen and warships, including American, as well as hundreds of men, women, and boys. The worst affected was the British merchant marine, which dominated Spanish trade—some owners used rust buckets to maximise profits in a trade, which resulted in the loss of 66 British lives. The naval element of the Spanish Civil War began with a rebellion followed by a mutiny and a massacre. Both the German and Italian navies became involved in the naval war, attacking Spanish ships and then British warships and merchantmen. A blockade in the north led to confrontations between the Royal Navy and Nationalist Navy, the mining of a British liner and tales of daring among determined British master mariners. Later in the war there were attacks by Italian surface warships, submarines, and aircraft against foreign shipping in the Mediterranean and Aegean leading to the British and French threatening pirate submarines. This is a story of exploitation, heroism, chauvinism, piracy, international inaction, and espionage which has never been told. It includes details of such things as the first aerial campaign against shipping and the first operational use of sonar against a submarine.

Author : Angus Konstam
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 49 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2021-10-28
Category : History
ISBN : 9781472848680

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Warships in the Spanish Civil War by Angus Konstam Pdf

This detailed study of the naval Spanish Civil War describes how the Spanish Navy, torn in two and comprising a Republican and Nationalist part, fought a civil war at sea involving both Hitler's and Mussolini's navies. In July 1936, a pro-fascist coup orchestrated by General Franco tore Spain apart and plunged the country into a bitter civil war. Like Spain itself, the Spanish Navy was torn in two: crews and most ships remained loyal to the Republican government but many of the Navy's officers joined Franco's rebels, and warships under repair or 'mothballed' in southern ports soon fell to the rebel advance. These formed the basis of Franco's 'Nationalist fleet,' and with both Italian and German help, the rebels were able to contest the Republic's control of Spanish waters. Overall the Republican Navy held its own, despite mounting losses, until the collapse of the Republican Army led to the fleet seeking internment in French North Africa. Packed with contemporary photographs and full colour illustrations, this study examines the composition and organization of the two rival fleets, the capabilities of their ships and submarines, and the performance of their crews. It also covers the warships of the Basque Auxiliary Navy - an offshoot of the Republican Fleet - and other navies who played a part in the conflict, most notably the Italian Regia Marina.

Author : Antony Beevor
Publisher : Hachette UK
Page : 578 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2012-08-23
Category : History
ISBN : 9781780224534

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The Battle for Spain by Antony Beevor Pdf

The bestselling author of STALINGRAD and BERLIN: THE DOWNFALL on the Spanish Civil War, drawing on masses of newly discovered material from the Spanish, Russian and German archives. The civil war that tore Spain apart between 1936 and 1939 and attracted liberals and socialists from across the world to support the cause against Franco was one of the most hard-fought and bitterest conflicts of the 20th century: a war of atrocities and political genocide and a military testing ground before WWII for the Russians, Italians and Germans, whose Condor Legion so notoriously destroyed Guernica. Antony Beevor's account narrates the origins of the Civil War and its violent and dramatic course from the coup d'etat in July 1936 through the savage fighting of the next three years which ended in catastrophic defeat for the Republicans in 1939. And he succeeds especially well in unravelling the complex political and regional forces that played such an important part in the origins and history of the war.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 34 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 1954
Category : Shipping
ISBN : IND:39000003142465

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Soviet Shipping in the Spanish Civil War by Anonim Pdf

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 49 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:227954241

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Influence of Naval Power on the Course of the Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939 by Anonim Pdf

The role of the great powers in the Spanish Civil War and the war on land that they were able to influence has been much studied. What has not been studied or well understood to a great extent is the role that naval power played and its decisive influence on the war fought on the Iberian Peninsula. To appreciate how the rebels (or Nationalists) were able to overthrow a left of center but very much democratically elected government (the Republicans) it is important to understand the role that sea power played. Spain historically has been very dependent upon imports and diligently maintained sea lines of communication with a relatively strong navy. When the government was not quickly overthrown in a coup, the coup degenerated into a war of attrition. Accordingly, each side quickly became dependent upon the importation of war materials. Should either the Republicans or Nationalists not be able to maintain their sea lines of communication, the war would be lost despite the valiant efforts of the soldiers on land. Fundamentally, the government of Spain, the Republic, lost the Spanish Civil War because they were not able to control the seas and maintain the sea lines of communication.

Author : John M. Kersh,Army War College (U.S.)
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 42 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Spain
ISBN : OCLC:47078252

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Influence of Naval Power on the Course of the Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939 by John M. Kersh,Army War College (U.S.) Pdf

The role of the great powers in the Spanish Civil War and the war on land that they were able to influence has been much studied. What has not been studied or well understood to a great extent is the role that naval power played and its decisive influence on the war fought on the Iberian Peninsula. To appreciate how the rebels (or Nationalists) were able to overthrow a left of center but very much democratically elected government (the Republicans) it is important to understand the role that sea power played. Spain historically has been very dependent upon imports and diligently maintained sea lines of communication with a relatively strong navy. When the government was not quickly overthrown in a coup, the coup degenerated into a war of attrition. Accordingly, each side quickly became dependent upon the importation of war materials. Should either the Republicans or Nationalists not be able to maintain their sea lines of communication, the war would be lost despite the valiant efforts of the soldiers on land. Fundamentally, the government of Spain, the Republic, lost the Spanish Civil War because they were not able to control the seas and maintain the sea lines of communication.

Author : Gabriel Jackson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 1972
Category : History
ISBN : STANFORD:36105006468032

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The Spanish Civil War by Gabriel Jackson Pdf

"The Spanish Civil War was fought from 17 July 1936 to 1 April 1939 between the Republicans, who were loyal to the established Spanish Republic, and the Nationalists, a rebel group led by General Francisco Franco. The Nationalists prevailed, and Franco ruled Spain for the next 36 years, from 1939 until his death in 1975."--Wikipedia.

Author : John M. Kersh
Publisher : Nimble Books
Page : 50 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2010-06
Category : History
ISBN : 1608880265

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The Influence of Naval Power on the Course of the Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939 by John M. Kersh Pdf

The Spanish Civil War was a proving ground for new military technologies--but it also served to reaffirm fundamental strategic and geographic principles. In this essay written at the U.S. Army War College, Commander Kersh argues that the Republican cause lost because it was unable to control the sea lines of communication that have always been so important to Spain. The cover photo shows the German pocket battleship ADMIRAL SCHEER in Gibraltar in 1936.

Author : Brian Lane Herder
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 49 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2019-06-27
Category : History
ISBN : 9781472835031

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US Navy Battleships 1886–98 by Brian Lane Herder Pdf

After the American Civil War, the US Navy had been allowed to decay into complete insignificance, yet the commissioning of the modern Brazilian battleship Riachuelo and poor performance against the contemporary Spanish fleet, forced the US out of its isolationist posture towards battleships. The first true US battleships began with the experimental Maine and Texas, followed by the three-ship Indiana class, and the Iowa class, which incorporated lessons from the previous ships. These initial ships set the enduring US battleship standard of being heavily armed and armoured at the expense of speed. This fully illustrated study examines these first six US battleships, a story of political compromises, clean sheet designs, operational experience, and experimental improvements. These ships directly inspired the creation of an embryonic American military-industrial complex, enabled a permanent outward-looking shift in American foreign policy and laid the foundations of the modern US Navy.

Author : Herbert Wrigley Wilson
Publisher : Theclassics.Us
Page : 122 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2013-09
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1230274928

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The Downfall of Spain; Naval History of the Spanish-American War by Herbert Wrigley Wilson Pdf

This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1900 edition. Excerpt: ... involves, and thus the fleet, though formidable enough on paper, was without practical military efficiency. It was supposed that in the hour of battle the gunners would miraculously acquire that skill which only training can give, and which should be a matter of habit. We are told by the Spanish Revista General de Marina for August 1898, that there had only been one target practice in the Spanish Navy during 1897, and none in 1898. Even then a very small amount of ammunition was expended. The Colon's log, it is noted by Captain Chadwick, contained no mention of target practice for the year June 14, 1897, to July 3, 1898. In defensive qualities the American ships had a very striking advantage. The Indiana, Oregon, and Iowa were stoutly-armoured battleships, with all their heavy guns behind thick plating, well protected on the water-line, and generally impenetrable to the Spanish heavy guns. The Hontoria 11-inch weapon, of excellent pattern, is calculated to perforate at the muzzle, striking perpendicularly, twenty-nine inches of iron; but here it was faced by eighteen or fifteen inches of Harveyed steel, at ranges varying between 2000 and 6000 yards, and at all manner of angles. The smaller Spanish guns could not be expected to pierce the five inches of steel on the sides of the American battleships, nor did they do so. The Texas and Brooklyn had no side protection beyond belts on the water-line, and armour in front of and below their heavy guns. From the defensive point of view they were the weakest ships in Admiral Sampson's fleet, superior to three of the Spanish cruisers which they had to face, but vastly inferior to the Cr1stobal Colon. All the American ships had thickly-armoured conning-towers, but these, except in the case of the...

Author : Herbert Wrigley Wilson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 576 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 1971
Category : Spanish-American War, 1898
ISBN : UTEXAS:059173017851765

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The Downfall of Spain by Herbert Wrigley Wilson Pdf

Author : Patrick Turnbull
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 122 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2013-06-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9781472804464

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The Spanish Civil War 1936–39 by Patrick Turnbull Pdf

By the spring of 1936 an armed clash was imminent between the forces of Spain's extreme Left and extreme Right. Viewed largely as a confrontation between democracy and fascism, the resulting civil war proved to be of enormous international significance. Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy intervened to assist General Franco, while the Soviet Union came to the aid of the Republican forces. This book explains the background to the war and charts the course of the nearly three-year long conflict through to General Franco's victory. Photographs and colour plates illustrate the uniforms and equipment of the Republican and Nationalist armies.

Author : Hugh Thomas
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 770 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 1961
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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The Spanish Civil War by Hugh Thomas Pdf