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The Warrior Saints in Old Bulgarian Art by Nikolaĭ Ovcharov Pdf
"A saint and a warrior are completely incompatible notions in the frames of initial Christian beliefs. It is Christian religion that preaches: ""Resist not evil: but whosoever shall smite thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other also"" (Matt. 5:39). Moreover, it was naked and defenseless Christians who were thrown in lion cages for the amusement of Roman spectators. Humble and lenient as it was, their prayer to God was the one and only support they had. In their prayers they would ask mercy to come even upon their tormentors who had no other fault but being incapable of having deeper insight into the future. Violence was completely alien to that religion."
Arms and Armour of the Warrior Saints by Piotr Grotowski Pdf
This study investigates whether military equipment shown in images of warrior saints reflects items used by the mid-Byzantine Army or repeats Classical forms. This in turn answers questions on the originality of Byzantine art and its reliability as a historical source.
The Warrior Saints in Byzantine Art and Tradition by Christopher Walter Pdf
Christopher Walter's study of the cult and iconography of Byzantine warrior saints - George, Demetrius, the two Theodores, and dozens more - is at once encyclopaedic and interpretative, and the first comprehensive study of the subject. The author delineates their origins and development as a distinctive category of saint, showing that in its definitive form this coincides with the apogee of the Byzantine empire in the 10th-11th centuries. He establishes a repertory, particularly of their commemorations in synaxaries and their representations in art, and describes their iconographical types and the functions ascribed to them once enrolled in the celestial army: support for the terrestrial army in its offensive campaigns, and a new protective role when the Byzantine Empire passed to the defensive. The survey highlights the lack of historicity among the Byzantines in their approach to the lives of these saints and their terrestrial careers. An epilogue briefly treats the analogous traditions in the cultures of neighbouring peoples. Walter draws attention to the development of an echelon of military saints, notably in church decoration, which provides the surest basis for defining their specificity; also to the way in which they were depicted, generally young, handsome and robust, and frequently 'twinned' in pairs, so calling attention to the importance of camaraderie among soldiers. At the same time, this work opens a new perspective on the military history of the Byzantine Empire. Its ideology of war consistently followed that of the Israelites; protected and favoured by divine intervention, there was no occasion to discuss the morality of a 'just war'. Consequently, when considering Byzantine methods of warfare, due attention should be given to the important role which they attributed to celestial help in their military campaigns.
Irenaeus of Sirmium and His Story in the Medieval East and West by Marijana Vuković Pdf
Examines the three key markers of sanctity – cult, hagiography, feast day – together for the first time / The first book to explore an ‘unsuccessful’ saint in detail / Investigates the texts in all the languages in which they were written: Latin, Greek, Old Church Slavonic, Georgian, and Armenian / Includes original research of hagiographical manuscripts
Animals in Art and Thought by Francis Klingender Pdf
Originally published in 1971, Animals in Art and Thought discusses the ways in which animals have been used by man in art and literature. The book looks at how they have been used to symbolise religious, social and political beliefs, as well as their pragmatic use by hunters, sportsmen, and farmers. The book discusses these various attitudes in a survey which ranges from prehistoric cave art to the later Middle Ages. The book is especially concerned with uncovering the latent, as well as the manifest meanings of animal art, and presents a detailed examination of the literary and archaeological monuments of the periods covered in the book. The book discusses the themes of Creation myths of the pagan and Christian religion, the contribution of the animal art of the ancient contribution of the animal art of the ancient Orient to the development of the Romanesque and gothic styles in Europe, the use of beast fables in social or political satire, and the heroic associations of animals in medieval chivalry.
Geography, Religion, Gods, and Saints in the Eastern Mediterranean by Erica Ferg Pdf
Geography, Religion, Gods, and Saints in the Eastern Mediterranean explores the influence of geography on religion and highlights a largely unknown story of religious history in the Eastern Mediterranean. In the Levant, agricultural communities of Jews, Christians, and Muslims jointly venerated and largely shared three important saints or holy figures: Jewish Elijah, Christian St. George, and Muslim al-Khiḍr. These figures share ‘peculiar’ characteristics, such as associations with rain, greenness, fertility, and storms. Only in the Eastern Mediterranean are Elijah, St. George, and al-Khiḍr shared between religious communities, or characterized by these same agricultural attributes – attributes that also were shared by regional religious figures from earlier time periods, such as the ancient Near Eastern Storm-god Baal-Hadad, and Levantine Zeus. This book tells the story of how that came to be, and suggests that the figures share specific characteristics, over a very long period of time, because these motifs were shaped by the geography of the region. Ultimately, this book suggests that regional geography has influenced regional religion; that Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are not, historically or textually speaking, separate religious traditions (even if Jews, Christians, and Muslims are members of distinct religious communities); and that shared religious practices between members of these and other local religious communities are not unusual. Instead, shared practices arose out of a common geographical environment and an interconnected religious heritage, and are a natural historical feature of religion in the Eastern Mediterranean. This volume will be of interest to students of ancient Near Eastern religions, Judaism, Christianity, Islam, sainthood, agricultural communities in the ancient Near East, Middle Eastern religious and cultural history, and the relationships between geography and religion.
This guide to this little known but deeply rewarding country, includes comprehensive accounts of all the sights from the capital Sofia to the time-warped villiages and wayside monasteries. It includes practical advice on outdoor pursuits - the best hikes, ski centres and Black Sea beaches - plus a run-dwon on all the folk festivals and informed commentaries on Bulgaria's turbulent history.
Zsolt Hunyadi,J¢zsef Laszlovszky,Central European University. Dept. of Medieval Studies
Author : Zsolt Hunyadi,J¢zsef Laszlovszky,Central European University. Dept. of Medieval Studies Publisher : Central European University Press Page : 640 pages File Size : 44,9 Mb Release : 2001-01-01 Category : History ISBN : 9639241423
The Crusades and the Military Orders by Zsolt Hunyadi,J¢zsef Laszlovszky,Central European University. Dept. of Medieval Studies Pdf
Proceedings of a conference on a theme, the 34 essays by specialists from 15 countries prevent various facets of the struggles waged for the possession of the Holy Land between the 10th and 13th centuries, and of the activities of the military orders elsewhere in Europe.