The White Welfare State

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The White Welfare State

Deborah E. Ward
The White Welfare State Book PDF

Author : Deborah E. Ward
Publisher : University of Michigan Press
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2009-12-11
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780472024889

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The White Welfare State by Deborah E. Ward Pdf

The White Welfare State challenges common misconceptions of the development of U.S. welfare policy. Arguing that race has always been central to welfare policy-making in the United States, Deborah Ward breaks new ground by showing that the Mothers' Pensions--the Progressive-Era precursors to modern welfare programs--were premised on a policy of racial discrimination against blacks and other minorities. Ward's rigorous and thoroughly documented analysis demonstrates that the creation and implementation of the mothers' pensions program was driven by debates about who "deserved" social welfare and not who needed it the most. "In The White Welfare State, Deborah Ward assembles a powerful array of documentary and statistical evidence to reveal the mechanisms, centrality, and deep historical continuity of racial exclusion in modern 'welfare' provision in the United States. Bringing unparalleled scrutiny to the provisions and implementation of state-level mothers' pensions, she argues persuasively that racialized patterns of welfare administration were firmly entrenched in this Progressive Era legislation, only to be adopted and reinforced in the New Deal welfare state. With rigorous and clear-eyed analysis, she pushes us to confront the singular role of race in welfare's development, from its early 20th-century origins to its official demise at century's end." --Alice O'Connor, University of California at Santa Barbara "This is a richly informative and arresting work. The White Welfare State will force a reevaluation of the role racism has played as a fundamental feature in even the most progressive features of the American welfare state. Written elegantly, this book will provoke a wide-ranging discussion among social scientists, historians, and students of public policy." --Ira Katznelson, Ruggles Professor of Political Science and History, Columbia University "This book offers an original and absorbing account of early policies that shaped the course of the American welfare state. It extends yet challenges extant interpretations and expands our understanding of the interconnections of race and class issues in the U.S., and American political development more broadly." --Rodney Hero, University of Notre Dame

Race, Money, and the American Welfare State

Michael E. Brown
Race Money and the American Welfare State Book PDF

Author : Michael E. Brown
Publisher : Cornell University Press
Page : 406 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2018-10-18
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781501722356

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Race, Money, and the American Welfare State by Michael E. Brown Pdf

The American welfare state is often blamed for exacerbating social problems confronting African Americans while failing to improve their economic lot. Michael K. Brown contends that our welfare system has in fact denied them the social provision it gives white citizens while stigmatizing them as recipients of government benefits for low income citizens. In his provocative history of America's "safety net" from its origins in the New Deal through much of its dismantling in the 1990s, Brown explains how the forces of fiscal conservatism and racism combined to shape a welfare state in which blacks are disproportionately excluded from mainstream programs.Brown describes how business and middle class opposition to taxes and spending limited the scope of the Social Security Act and work relief programs of the 1930s and the Great Society in the 1960s. These decisions produced a welfare state that relies heavily on privately provided health and pension programs and cash benefits for the poor. In a society characterized by pervasive racial discrimination, this outcome, Michael Brown makes clear, has led to a racially stratified welfare system: by denying African Americans work, whites limited their access to private benefits as well as to social security and other forms of social insurance, making welfare their "main occupation." In his conclusion, Brown addresses the implications of his argument for both conservative and liberal critiques of the Great Society and for policies designed to remedy inner-city poverty.

From Slavery to Poverty

Gunja SenGupta
From Slavery to Poverty Book PDF

Author : Gunja SenGupta
Publisher : NYU Press
Page : 350 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2009-03
Category : History
ISBN : 9780814740613

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From Slavery to Poverty by Gunja SenGupta Pdf

The racially charged stereotype of "welfare queen"—an allegedly promiscuous waster who uses her children as meal tickets funded by tax-payers—is a familiar icon in modern America, but as Gunja SenGupta reveals in From Slavery to Poverty, her historical roots run deep. For, SenGupta argues, the language and institutions of poor relief and reform have historically served as forums for inventing and negotiating identity. Mining a broad array of sources on nineteenth-century New York City’s interlocking network of private benevolence and municipal relief, SenGupta shows that these institutions promoted a racialized definition of poverty and citizenship. But they also offered a framework within which working poor New Yorkers—recently freed slaves and disfranchised free blacks, Afro-Caribbean sojourners and Irish immigrants, sex workers and unemployed laborers, and mothers and children—could challenge stereotypes and offer alternative visions of community. Thus, SenGupta argues, long before the advent of the twentieth-century welfare state, the discourse of welfare in its nineteenth-century incarnation created a space to talk about community, race, and nation; about what it meant to be “American,” who belonged, and who did not. Her work provides historical context for understanding why today the notion of "welfare"—with all its derogatory “un-American” connotations—is associated not with middle-class entitlements like Social Security and Medicare, but rather with programs targeted at the poor, which are wrongly assumed to benefit primarily urban African Americans.

Shifting the Color Line

Robert C. Lieberman
Shifting the Color Line Book PDF

Author : Robert C. Lieberman
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 1998-08-15
Category : Biography & Autobiography
ISBN : UOM:39015047092484

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Shifting the Color Line by Robert C. Lieberman Pdf

Shifting the Color Line explores the historical and political roots of racial conflict in American welfare policy, beginning with the New Deal. Robert Lieberman demonstrates how racial distinctions were built into the very structure of the American welfare state.

From Mutual Aid to the Welfare State

David T. Beito
From Mutual Aid to the Welfare State Book PDF

Author : David T. Beito
Publisher : Univ of North Carolina Press
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2003-06-19
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780807860557

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From Mutual Aid to the Welfare State by David T. Beito Pdf

During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, more Americans belonged to fraternal societies than to any other kind of voluntary association, with the possible exception of churches. Despite the stereotypical image of the lodge as the exclusive domain of white men, fraternalism cut across race, class, and gender lines to include women, African Americans, and immigrants. Exploring the history and impact of fraternal societies in the United States, David Beito uncovers the vital importance they had in the social and fiscal lives of millions of American families. Much more than a means of addressing deep-seated cultural, psychological, and gender needs, fraternal societies gave Americans a way to provide themselves with social-welfare services that would otherwise have been inaccessible, Beito argues. In addition to creating vast social and mutual aid networks among the poor and in the working class, they made affordable life and health insurance available to their members and established hospitals, orphanages, and homes for the elderly. Fraternal societies continued their commitment to mutual aid even into the early years of the Great Depression, Beito says, but changing cultural attitudes and the expanding welfare state eventually propelled their decline.

The Divided Welfare State

Jacob S. Hacker
The Divided Welfare State Book PDF

Author : Jacob S. Hacker
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 468 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2002-09-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0521013283

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The Divided Welfare State by Jacob S. Hacker Pdf

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How Welfare States Care

Monique Kremer
How Welfare States Care Book PDF

Author : Monique Kremer
Publisher : Amsterdam University Press
Page : 300 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789053569757

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How Welfare States Care by Monique Kremer Pdf

Though women’s employment patterns in Europe have been changing drastically over several decades, the repercussions of this social revolution are just beginning to garner serious attention. Many scholars have presumed that diversity and change in women’s employment is based on the structures of welfare states and women’s responses to economic incentives and disincentives to join the workforce; How Welfare States Care provides in-depth analysis of women’s employment and childcare patterns, taxation, social security, and maternity leave provisions in order to show this logic does not hold. Combining economic, sociological, and psychological insights, Kremer demonstrates that care is embedded in welfare states and that European women are motivated by culturally and morally-shaped ideals of care that are embedded in welfare states—and less by economic reality.

Urban Segregation and the Welfare State

Sako Musterd,Wim Ostendorf
Urban Segregation and the Welfare State Book PDF

Author : Sako Musterd,Wim Ostendorf
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 291 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2013-04-15
Category : Architecture
ISBN : 9781134698011

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Urban Segregation and the Welfare State by Sako Musterd,Wim Ostendorf Pdf

Urban Segregation and the Welfare State examines ethnic and socio-economic segregation patterns, social polarisation, and social exclusion in major cities in the Western world. Contributors from across North America and Europe provide in-depth analysis of particular cities, ranging from Johannesburg, Chicago and Toronto to Amsterdam, Stockholm and Belfast. The authors highlight the social problems in and of cities, indicating differences between nation-states in terms of economic restructuring, migration, welfare state regimes and "ethnic history".

Three Worlds of Relief

Cybelle Fox
Three Worlds of Relief Book PDF

Author : Cybelle Fox
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 413 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2012-04-29
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781400842582

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Three Worlds of Relief by Cybelle Fox Pdf

Three Worlds of Relief examines the role of race and immigration in the development of the American social welfare system by comparing how blacks, Mexicans, and European immigrants were treated by welfare policies during the Progressive Era and the New Deal. Taking readers from the turn of the twentieth century to the dark days of the Depression, Cybelle Fox finds that, despite rampant nativism, European immigrants received generous access to social welfare programs. The communities in which they lived invested heavily in relief. Social workers protected them from snooping immigration agents, and ensured that noncitizenship and illegal status did not prevent them from receiving the assistance they needed. But that same helping hand was not extended to Mexicans and blacks. Fox reveals, for example, how blacks were relegated to racist and degrading public assistance programs, while Mexicans who asked for assistance were deported with the help of the very social workers they turned to for aid. Drawing on a wealth of archival evidence, Fox paints a riveting portrait of how race, labor, and politics combined to create three starkly different worlds of relief. She debunks the myth that white America's immigrant ancestors pulled themselves up by their bootstraps, unlike immigrants and minorities today. Three Worlds of Relief challenges us to reconsider not only the historical record but also the implications of our past on contemporary debates about race, immigration, and the American welfare state.

Race and the Politics of Welfare Reform

Sanford F. Schram,Joe Brian Soss,Richard Carl Fording
Race and the Politics of Welfare Reform Book PDF

Author : Sanford F. Schram,Joe Brian Soss,Richard Carl Fording
Publisher : University of Michigan Press
Page : 391 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2010-03-10
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780472025510

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Race and the Politics of Welfare Reform by Sanford F. Schram,Joe Brian Soss,Richard Carl Fording Pdf

It's hard to imagine discussing welfare policy without discussing race, yet all too often this uncomfortable factor is avoided or simply ignored. Sometimes the relationship between welfare and race is treated as so self-evident as to need no further attention; equally often, race in the context of welfare is glossed over, lest it raise hard questions about racism in American society as a whole. Either way, ducking the issue misrepresents the facts and misleads the public and policy-makers alike. Many scholars have addressed specific aspects of this subject, but until now there has been no single integrated overview. Race and the Politics of Welfare Reform is designed to fill this need and provide a forum for a range of voices and perspectives that reaffirm the key role race has played--and continues to play--in our approach to poverty. The essays collected here offer a systematic, step-by-step approach to the issue. Part 1 traces the evolution of welfare from the 1930s to the sweeping Clinton-era reforms, providing a historical context within which to consider today's attitudes and strategies. Part 2 looks at media representation and public perception, observing, for instance, that although blacks accounted for only about one-third of America's poor from 1967 to 1992, they featured in nearly two-thirds of news stories on poverty, a bias inevitably reflected in public attitudes. Part 3 discusses public discourse, asking questions like "Whose voices get heard and why?" and "What does 'race' mean to different constituencies?" For although "old-fashioned" racism has been replaced by euphemism, many of the same underlying prejudices still drive welfare debates--and indeed are all the more pernicious for being unspoken. Part 4 examines policy choices and implementation, showing how even the best-intentioned reform often simply displaces institutional inequities to the individual level--bias exercised case by case but no less discriminatory in effect. Part 5 explores the effects of welfare reform and the implications of transferring policy-making to the states, where local politics and increasing use of referendum balloting introduce new, often unpredictable concerns. Finally, Frances Fox Piven's concluding commentary, "Why Welfare Is Racist," offers a provocative response to the views expressed in the pages that have gone before--intended not as a "last word" but rather as the opening argument in an ongoing, necessary, and newly envisioned national debate. Sanford Schram is Visiting Professor of Social Work and Social Research, Bryn Mawr Graduate School of Social Work and Social Research. Joe Soss teaches in the Department of Government at the Graduate school of Public Affairs, American University, Washington, D.C. Richard Fording is Associate Professor in the Department of Political Science, University of Kentucky.

Criminalizing Race, Criminalizing Poverty

Kiran Mirchandani,Wendy Chan
Criminalizing Race Criminalizing Poverty Book PDF

Author : Kiran Mirchandani,Wendy Chan
Publisher : Fernwood Publishing
Page : 116 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Family & Relationships
ISBN : STANFORD:36105123316312

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Criminalizing Race, Criminalizing Poverty by Kiran Mirchandani,Wendy Chan Pdf

The criminalization and penalization of poverty through increased surveillance and control of welfare recipients in recent years has led many poverty advocates to claim that "a war against the poor" is currently in progress. The authors argue that poor people in general and people of colour in particular are most often the casualties in governments' desire to roll back the welfare state. Relying on myths and stereotypes about racial difference, the enforcement and policing of welfare fraud policies constructs people of colour and the poor as potential "cheaters" and "abusers" of the system. This has allowed for the stigmatizing and discriminatory treatment of these people to persist unchallenged within the welfare system. Book jacket.

Democracy, Justice, and the Welfare State

Julie Anne White
Democracy Justice and the Welfare State Book PDF

Author : Julie Anne White
Publisher : Penn State Press
Page : 204 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2010-11-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0271039337

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Democracy, Justice, and the Welfare State by Julie Anne White Pdf

The commitment to &“end welfare as we know it&” shaped public policy in the 1990s. Analysts all seemed to agree that public welfare programs were a resounding failure. What should better public care look like? Democracy, Justice, and the Welfare State sets up a dialogue between work on the ethic of care and studies of public care in practice. White argues that care as it is currently institutionalized often both assumes and perpetuates dependency and so paternalistic relationships of authority. Better public care requires that such paternalistic practices be challenged. Care appropriate to a democratic context must itself be a democratic practice.

The Welfare State

David Garland
The Welfare State Book PDF

Author : David Garland
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 177 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : POLITICAL SCIENCE
ISBN : 9780199672660

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The Welfare State by David Garland Pdf

This 'Very Short Introduction' discusses the necessity of welfare states in modern capitalist societies. Situating social policy in an historical, sociological, and comparative perspective, David Garland brings a new understanding to familiar debates, policies, and institutions.

The Oxford Handbook of the Welfare State

Francis G. Castles,Stephan Leibfried,Jane Lewis,Herbert Obinger,Christopher Pierson
The Oxford Handbook of the Welfare State Book PDF

Author : Francis G. Castles,Stephan Leibfried,Jane Lewis,Herbert Obinger,Christopher Pierson
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 908 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2012-09-06
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780191628283

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The Oxford Handbook of the Welfare State by Francis G. Castles,Stephan Leibfried,Jane Lewis,Herbert Obinger,Christopher Pierson Pdf

The Oxford Handbook of the Welfare State is the authoritative and definitive guide to the contemporary welfare state. In a volume consisting of nearly fifty newly-written chapters, a broad range of the world's leading scholars offer a comprehensive account of everything one needs to know about the modern welfare state. The book is divided into eight sections. It opens with three chapters that evaluate the philosophical case for (and against) the welfare state. Surveys of the welfare state 's history and of the approaches taken to its study are followed by four extended sections, running to some thirty-five chapters in all, which offer a comprehensive and in-depth survey of our current state of knowledge across the whole range of issues that the welfare state embraces. The first of these sections looks at inputs and actors (including the roles of parties, unions, and employers), the impact of gender and religion, patterns of migration and a changing public opinion, the role of international organisations and the impact of globalisation. The next two sections cover policy inputs (in areas such as pensions, health care, disability, care of the elderly, unemployment, and labour market activation) and their outcomes (in terms of inequality and poverty, macroeconomic performance, and retrenchment). The seventh section consists of seven chapters which survey welfare state experience around the globe (and not just within the OECD). Two final chapters consider questions about the global future of the welfare state. The individual chapters of the Handbook are written in an informed but accessible way by leading researchers in their respective fields giving the reader an excellent and truly up-to-date knowledge of the area under discussion. Taken together, they constitute a comprehensive compendium of all that is best in contemporary welfare state research and a unique guide to what is happening now in this most crucial and contested area of social and political development.

State of Empowerment

Carolyn Barnes
State of Empowerment Book PDF

Author : Carolyn Barnes
Publisher : University of Michigan Press
Page : 179 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2020-03-09
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780472131648

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State of Empowerment by Carolyn Barnes Pdf

On weekday afternoons, dismissal bells signal not just the end of the school day but also the beginning of another important activity: the federally funded after-school programs that offer tutoring, homework help, and basic supervision to millions of American children. Nearly one in four low-income families enroll a child in an after-school program. Beyond sharpening students’ math and reading skills, these programs also have a profound impact on parents. In a surprising turn—especially given the long history of social policies that leave recipients feeling policed, distrusted, and alienated—government-funded after-school programs have quietly become powerful forces for political and civic engagement by shifting power away from bureaucrats and putting it back into the hands of parents. In State of EmpowermentCarolyn Barnes uses ethnographic accounts of three organizations to reveal how interacting with government-funded after-school programs can enhance the civic and political lives of low-income citizens.