Thermodynamic Properties Of Cryogenic Fluids

Author : Jacob W. Leachman,Richard T Jacobsen,Eric W. Lemmon,Steven G. Penoncello
Publisher : Springer
Page : 213 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2017-07-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319578354

Get Book

Thermodynamic Properties of Cryogenic Fluids by Jacob W. Leachman,Richard T Jacobsen,Eric W. Lemmon,Steven G. Penoncello Pdf

This update to a classic reference text provides practising engineers and scientists with accurate thermophysical property data for cryogenic fluids. The equations for fifteen important cryogenic fluids are presented in a basic format, accompanied by pressure-enthalpy and temperature-entropy charts and tables of thermodynamic properties. It begins with a chapter introducing the thermodynamic relations and functional forms for equations of state, and goes on to describe the requirements for thermodynamic property formulations, needed for the complete definition of the thermodynamic properties of a fluid. The core of the book comprises extensive data tables and charts for the most commonly-encountered cryogenic fluids. This new edition sees significant updates to the data presented for air, argon, carbon monoxide, deuterium, ethane, helium, hydrogen, krypton, nitrogen and xenon. The book supports and complements NIST’s REFPROP - an interactive database and tool for the calculation of thermodynamic properties of cryogenic fluids.

Author : Thomas D. Bostock,Ralph G. Scurlock
Publisher : Springer
Page : 170 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2019-06-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030106416

Get Book

Low-Loss Storage and Handling of Cryogenic Liquids by Thomas D. Bostock,Ralph G. Scurlock Pdf

The revised second edition of this practical book reviews the fundamentals of cryogenic liquid behaviour in small and large scale storage systems. The text is based on research findings on the convective and evaporative behaviour of cryogenic fluids, aimed at improving the design, construction and operation of low-loss cryogenic liquid storage systems, with a view to minimising cost and improving operational safety. Since the first edition was published in 2006, the breadth of cryogenic applications and the modelling of cryogenic fluid dynamics (CFD) have expanded in several directions. In this second edition, most chapters have been extended to introduce discussions of these new applications and their safety and energy economy. These include advances in the modelling of CFD required in, for example, the design of miniature cryocoolers and condensers and reboilers, large-scale cryogenic liquid mixture properties and their stability, and the understanding that hazards and safety problems in the public domain increase with the scaling up of cryogenic systems. With helpful summaries at the end of each chapter, the book is an essential reference for anyone working on the design and operation of cryogenic liquid storage and transportation systems.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : ASTM International
Page : 86 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 1973
Category : Low temperature engineering
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

Get Book

Cryogens and Gases by Anonim Pdf

Author : Valery V. Kostionk
Publisher : Discovery Publishing House
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 817141642X

Get Book

A Text Book Of Cryogenics by Valery V. Kostionk Pdf

This book is prepared on various sections of cryogenics: properties of cryogenic products and solid bodies at low temperatures, methods of internal cooling, heat transfer at low temperatures, gas liquefaction and separation, micro-cryogenic systems, storage and transport of cryogenic fluids, and cryogenic systems for scientific research and development. Contents: Properties of Cryogenic Products and their use, Helium Properties Superfluidity, Properties of Solid Bodies at Low Temperatures, Classification of Cryogenic Systems, Thermomechanical Processes of Internal Cooling: Throttling and Expanding, Thermomechanical Processes of Internal Cooling: Exhaust, Vapor Pump-out, Desorption, Low Literature Thermodynamics Cycles, Electromagnetic Methods of Cooling, Cooling Methods Based on Specific Properties of Helium Isotopes, Heat Transfer at Low Temperatures, Gas Liquefaction and Separation Systems, Microcryogenic Systems, Liquid and Solid-state Microcryogenic Systems, Storage and Transportation of Cryogenic Fluids, Processes in Cryogenic Vessels, Cryogenic Systems for Scientific Research.

Author : Steven W. Van Sciver
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 429 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2013-06-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781489904997

Get Book

Helium Cryogenics by Steven W. Van Sciver Pdf

At least 10 years have elapsed since a comprehensive monograph concer ned with the broad subject of cryogenics has been published. During this time a considerable quantity of research and development has been carried out in the field of cryogenics. Furthermore, there has been a certain degree of redirection of effort within the field, mostly driven by the variety of new applications, ranging from superconductive magnet systems to micro electronics. Greater emphasis is now being placed on low-temperature cryogenics, particularly that of liquid helium. Until now cryogenic books have provided a broad survey of materials and fluid properties over the entire cryogenic regime, T ::5 150 K. This approach does not allow sufficient detail in any particular area to bring the reader to the current level of understanding in the subject. In addition, the behavior of helium has been lumped with that of other cryogenic fluids, although the properties of helium are quite unique. As a result, a clear relationship has not been established between the fundamental understanding of helium fluids and their potential applications. The present book has been written to fill this void. The approach is to survey the field of cryogenics, specifically as it pertains to helium fluids. This approach is more specialized than that contained in previous cryogenics books. Furthermore, the level of treatment is more advanced and a certain knowledge of fundamental engineering and physics principles has been assumed.

Author : Klaus D. Timmerhaus,Thomas M. Flynn
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 612 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2013-06-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781468487565

Get Book

Cryogenic Process Engineering by Klaus D. Timmerhaus,Thomas M. Flynn Pdf

Cryogenics, a term commonly used to refer to very low temperatures, had its beginning in the latter half of the last century when man learned, for the first time, how to cool objects to a temperature lower than had ever existed na tu rally on the face of the earth. The air we breathe was first liquefied in 1883 by a Polish scientist named Olszewski. Ten years later he and a British scientist, Sir James Dewar, liquefied hydrogen. Helium, the last of the so-caBed permanent gases, was finally liquefied by the Dutch physicist Kamerlingh Onnes in 1908. Thus, by the beginning of the twentieth century the door had been opened to astrange new world of experimentation in which aB substances, except liquid helium, are solids and where the absolute temperature is only a few microdegrees away. However, the point on the temperature scale at which refrigeration in the ordinary sense of the term ends and cryogenics begins has ne ver been weB defined. Most workers in the field have chosen to restrict cryogenics to a tem perature range below -150°C (123 K). This is a reasonable dividing line since the normal boiling points of the more permanent gases, such as helium, hydrogen, neon, nitrogen, oxygen, and air, lie below this temperature, while the more common refrigerants have boiling points that are above this temperature. Cryogenic engineering is concerned with the design and development of low-temperature systems and components.

Author : Claus Borgnakke,Richard E. Sonntag
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 1997-03-10
Category : Nature
ISBN : UOM:39015041054217

Get Book

Thermodynamic and Transport Properties by Claus Borgnakke,Richard E. Sonntag Pdf

Thermodynamic and Transport Properties This paperback book/disk set provides a comprehensive collection of thermodynamic tables and transportation properties in an easily accessible format. Featuring both English and SI units, the program features new substances such as the latest refrigerants and fuels. A variety of combinations of properties can be used as input for the disk calculations. This easy-to-use, mouse-driven program offers graphing and printing capabilities. This Outstanding Resource: Features full thermodynamic tables for 25 substances including: water, various refrigerants, cryogenic fluids, and hydrocarbons. Tables include numerical values for equation of state constants and virial coefficients. Highlights transport properties for a variety of gases, liquids, and solids. Covers new substances, such as refrigerants (R-134a, R-123, and R-152a) and fuels (methane, ethane, and ethylene). Contains ideal gas tables with thermochemical properties and equilibrium constants. Includes tables with numerical values for equation of state constants and virial coefficients. Minimum Hardware Requirements: IBM compatible 386 (486 DX or better recommended) VGA graphics Windows 3.1 or later 4 MB RAM 5 MB of available disk space

Author : K.D. Timmerhaus,R.W. Fast,A.F. Clark,R.P. Reed
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 1312 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461322139

Get Book

Advances in Cryogenic Engineering by K.D. Timmerhaus,R.W. Fast,A.F. Clark,R.P. Reed Pdf

The 1985 joint Cryogenic Engineering/International Cryogenic Materi als Conference was held on the campus of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. About 350 papers were presented at the joint conference on a wide variety of topics in cryogenic science and engineering. This volume of Advances in cryogenic Eogineerlng, the thirty-first in the series which began in 1954, contains most of the papers which were presented at the 1985 Cryogenic Engineering Conference. Each paper was rigorously peer reviewed to maintain the international reputation of Advances as the premier archival publication in the field of cryoscience, engineering, and technology. All the papers published in Volume 31 contain an abstract. A copy of the book will be sent to all maj or abstracting services, which should improve retrieval of the information contained in the published papers. I would like to thank the authors and those who served as reviewers. I especially appreciate the assistance of my colleague M. E. Stone who edited some of the papers for this volume. Terry Gutierrez was invaluable in preparing the manuscripts for publication, and I thank her. xvii DEDICATION Dr. Samuel C. Collins, Professor Emeritus of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, internationally known as the father of practical helium liquefiers and founder of the MIT Cryogenic Engineering Laboratory, died on June 19, 1984, in George Washington University Hospital, Washington, DC.

Author : Guglielmo Ventura,Mauro Perfetti
Publisher : Springer
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2014-06-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401789691

Get Book

Thermal Properties of Solids at Room and Cryogenic Temperatures by Guglielmo Ventura,Mauro Perfetti Pdf

The minimum temperature in the natural universe is 2.7 K. Laboratory refrigerators can reach temperatures in the microkelvin range. Modern industrial refrigerators cool foods at 200 K, whereas space mission payloads must be capable of working at temperatures as low as 20 K. Superconducting magnets used for NMR work at 4.2 K. Hence the properties of materials must be accurately known also at cryogenic temperatures. This book provides a guide for engineers, physicists, chemists, technicians who wish to approach the field of low-temperature material properties. The focus is on the thermal properties and a large spectrum of experimental cases is reported. The book presents updated tables of low-temperature data on materials and a thorough bibliography supplements any further research. Key Features include: ° Detailed technical description of experiments ° Description of the newest cryogenic apparatus ° Offers data on cryogenic properties of the latest new materials ° Current reference review

Author : MAMATA MUKHOPADHYAY
Publisher : PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
Page : 361 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2010-02-15
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9788120330573

Get Book

FUNDAMENTALS OF CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING by MAMATA MUKHOPADHYAY Pdf

Intended as a text for the undergraduate and postgraduate students of Chemical/Mechanical/Materials Engineering streams, this well-balanced book explains the fundamental principles and the applied aspects of cryogenic engineering. The author, with her vast and varied experience in teaching and allied fields, clearly enunciates the behaviour and various properties of common cryogenic fluids, methods of liquefaction, and separation and applications of cryogens with thermodynamic analysis for process selection. This profusely illustrated study with clear-cut diagrams and process charts, should serve not only as a textbook for students but also as an excellent reference for researchers and practising engineers on design of cryogenic refrigeration, and liquefaction and separation process plants for various applications. Key Features : Discusses various application areas of cryogenics including cryogenic propellants used in space propulsion systems. Analyzes measurement techniques for temperature, pressure, flow rate, and liquid level, and describes the unique behaviour of cryogenic fluids and materials at cryo-temperatures. Gives numerous solved problems and exercises that lay emphasis on honing the concepts discussed.

Author : Dudley B. Chelton,Douglas B. Mann
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 140 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 1956
Category : Low temperature engineering
ISBN : UOM:39015077596990

Get Book

Cryogenic Data Book by Dudley B. Chelton,Douglas B. Mann Pdf

Author : Thomas J. Peterson,J. G. Weisend II
Publisher : Springer
Page : 213 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2019-04-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030165086

Get Book

Cryogenic Safety by Thomas J. Peterson,J. G. Weisend II Pdf

This book describes the current state of the art in cryogenic safety best practice, helping the reader to work with cryogenic systems and materials safely. It brings together information from previous texts, industrial and laboratory safety polices, and recent research papers. Case studies, example problems, and an extensive list of references are included to add to the utility of the text. It describes the unique safety hazards posed by cryogenics in all its guises, including issues associated with the extreme cold of cryogenics, the flammability of some cryogenic fluids, the displacement of oxygen by inert gases boiling off from cryogenic fluids, and the high pressures that can be formed during the volume expansion that occurs when a cryogenic fluid becomes a room temperature gas. A further chapter considers the challenges arising from the behavior of materials at cryogenic temperatures. Many materials are inappropriate for use in cryogenics and can fail, resulting in hazardous conditions. Despite these hazards, work at cryogenic temperatures can be performed safely. The book also discusses broader safety issues such as hazard analysis, establishment of a safe work culture and lessons learned from cryogenic safety in accelerator labs. This book is designed to be useful to everyone affected by cryogenic hazards regardless of their expertise in cryogenics.

Author : Bahman Zohuri
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 726 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2017-11-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128145203

Get Book

Physics of Cryogenics by Bahman Zohuri Pdf

Physics of Cryogenics: An Ultralow Temperature Phenomenon discusses the significant number of advances that have been made during the last few years in a variety of cryocoolers, such as Brayton, Joule-Thomson, Stirling, pulse tube, Gifford-McMahon and magnetic refrigerators. The book reviews various approaches taken to improve reliability, a major driving force for new research areas. The advantages and disadvantages of different cycles are compared, and the latest improvements in each of these cryocoolers is discussed. The book starts with the thermodynamic fundamentals, followed by the definition of cryogenic and the associated science behind low temperature phenomena and properties. This book is an ideal resource for scientists, engineers and graduate and senior undergraduate students who need a better understanding of the science of cryogenics and related thermodynamics. Defines the fundamentals of thermodynamics that are associated with cryogenic processes Provides an overview of the history of the development of cryogenic technology Includes new, low temperature tables written by the author Deals with the application of cryogenics to preserve objects at very low temperature Explains how cryogenic phenomena work for human cell and human body preservations and new medical approaches

Author : Institute for Basic Standards (U.S.). Cryogenics Division,D. J. Frizén,J. R. Mendenhall
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 116 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 1978
Category : Low temperatures
ISBN : UOM:39015086560581

Get Book

Publications and Services of the Cryogenics Division, National Bureau of Standards, 1953-1977 by Institute for Basic Standards (U.S.). Cryogenics Division,D. J. Frizén,J. R. Mendenhall Pdf

Author : Frederick J. Edeskuty,Walter F. Stewart
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 239 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2013-11-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781489903075

Get Book

Safety in the Handling of Cryogenic Fluids by Frederick J. Edeskuty,Walter F. Stewart Pdf

The importance of safety in any scientific endeavor is never in question. However, when cryogenic temperatures are involved, safety is especially important. In addition to observing the normal precautions, one must also take into account the variations of physical properties that occur at low temperatures. At these tempera tures, some properties not only exhibit large differences from their normal values but also can vary widely over a small temperature range. Before any cryogenic project is started, a thorough knowledge of the possible hazards is necessary. Only in this way can the safest operation be attained. Over the hundred-year history of cryogenic research, this has been shown to be the case. Keeping this requirement in mind is an essential ingredient in the quest for accident-free work. The past four or five decades have seen a great expansion of cryogenic technology. Cryogenic liquids, such as oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, and helium, have become commonly used in a number of different applications and are easily available in any part of the United States and, indeed, almost anywhere in the world. Not only are these liquids available, they have become less expensive and also available in ever larger quantities. As quantities increase, so also do the conse quences of mishaps. The future seems to hold promise of ever larger and more widespread use of the common cryogens. Thus, the importance of safety also increases as time progresses.