Three Liability Regimes For Artificial Intelligence

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Three Liability Regimes for Artificial Intelligence

Anna Beckers,Gunther Teubner
Three Liability Regimes for Artificial Intelligence Book PDF

Author : Anna Beckers,Gunther Teubner
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2022
Category : Artificial intelligence
ISBN : 1509949364

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Three Liability Regimes for Artificial Intelligence by Anna Beckers,Gunther Teubner Pdf

This book proposes three liability regimes to combat the wide responsibility gaps caused by AI systems - vicarious liability for autonomous software agents (actants); enterprise liability for inseparable human-AI interactions (hybrids); and collective fund liability for interconnected AI systems (crowds). Based on information technology studies, the book first develops a threefold typology that distinguishes individual, hybrid and collective machine behaviour. A subsequent social science analysis specifies the socio-digital institutions related to this threefold typology. Then it determines the social risks that emerge when algorithms operate within these institutions. Actants raise the risk of digital autonomy, hybrids the risk of double contingency in human-algorithm encounters, crowds the risk of opaque interconnections. The book demonstrates that the law needs to respond to these specific risks, by recognising personified algorithms as vicarious agents, human-machine associations as collective enterprises, and interconnected systems as risk pools - and by developing corresponding liability rules. The book relies on a unique combination of information technology studies, sociological institution and risk analysis, and comparative law. This approach uncovers recursive relations between types of machine behaviour, emergent socio-digital institutions, their concomitant risks, legal conditions of liability rules, and ascription of legal status to the algorithms involved.

Three Liability Regimes for Artificial Intelligence

Anna Beckers,Gunther Teubner
Three Liability Regimes for Artificial Intelligence Book PDF

Author : Anna Beckers,Gunther Teubner
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2021-12-02
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781509949359

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Three Liability Regimes for Artificial Intelligence by Anna Beckers,Gunther Teubner Pdf

This book proposes three liability regimes to combat the wide responsibility gaps caused by AI systems – vicarious liability for autonomous software agents (actants); enterprise liability for inseparable human-AI interactions (hybrids); and collective fund liability for interconnected AI systems (crowds). Based on information technology studies, the book first develops a threefold typology that distinguishes individual, hybrid and collective machine behaviour. A subsequent social science analysis specifies the socio-digital institutions related to this threefold typology. Then it determines the social risks that emerge when algorithms operate within these institutions. Actants raise the risk of digital autonomy, hybrids the risk of double contingency in human-algorithm encounters, crowds the risk of opaque interconnections. The book demonstrates that the law needs to respond to these specific risks, by recognising personified algorithms as vicarious agents, human-machine associations as collective enterprises, and interconnected systems as risk pools – and by developing corresponding liability rules. The book relies on a unique combination of information technology studies, sociological institution and risk analysis, and comparative law. This approach uncovers recursive relations between types of machine behaviour, emergent socio-digital institutions, their concomitant risks, legal conditions of liability rules, and ascription of legal status to the algorithms involved.

Civil Liability for Artificial Intelligence and Software

Mark A. Geistfeld,Ernst Karner,Bernhard A. Koch,Christiane Wendehorst
Civil Liability for Artificial Intelligence and Software Book PDF

Author : Mark A. Geistfeld,Ernst Karner,Bernhard A. Koch,Christiane Wendehorst
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 416 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2022-11-21
Category : Law
ISBN : 9783110775402

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Civil Liability for Artificial Intelligence and Software by Mark A. Geistfeld,Ernst Karner,Bernhard A. Koch,Christiane Wendehorst Pdf

Initiated by the European Commission, the first study published in this volume analyses the largely unresolved question as to how damage caused by artificial intelligence (AI) systems is allocated by the rules of tortious liability currently in force in the Member States of the European Union and in the United States, to examine whether - and if so, to what extent - national tort law regimes differ in that respect, and to identify possible gaps in the protection of injured parties. The second study offers guiding principles for safety and liability with regard to software, testing how the existing acquis needs to be adjusted in order to adequately cope with the risks posed by software and AI. The annex contains the final report of the New Technologies Formation of the Expert Group on Liability and New Technologies, assessing the extent to which existing liability schemes are adapted to the emerging market realities following the development of new digital technologies.

Three Liability Regimes for Artificial Intelligence

Anna Beckers,Gunther Teubner
Three Liability Regimes for Artificial Intelligence Book PDF

Author : Anna Beckers,Gunther Teubner
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 354 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2021-12-02
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781509949342

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Three Liability Regimes for Artificial Intelligence by Anna Beckers,Gunther Teubner Pdf

This book proposes three liability regimes to combat the wide responsibility gaps caused by AI systems – vicarious liability for autonomous software agents (actants); enterprise liability for inseparable human-AI interactions (hybrids); and collective fund liability for interconnected AI systems (crowds). Based on information technology studies, the book first develops a threefold typology that distinguishes individual, hybrid and collective machine behaviour. A subsequent social science analysis specifies the socio-digital institutions related to this threefold typology. Then it determines the social risks that emerge when algorithms operate within these institutions. Actants raise the risk of digital autonomy, hybrids the risk of double contingency in human-algorithm encounters, crowds the risk of opaque interconnections. The book demonstrates that the law needs to respond to these specific risks, by recognising personified algorithms as vicarious agents, human-machine associations as collective enterprises, and interconnected systems as risk pools – and by developing corresponding liability rules. The book relies on a unique combination of information technology studies, sociological institution and risk analysis, and comparative law. This approach uncovers recursive relations between types of machine behaviour, emergent socio-digital institutions, their concomitant risks, legal conditions of liability rules, and ascription of legal status to the algorithms involved.

Law and Artificial Intelligence

Bart Custers,Eduard Fosch-Villaronga
Law and Artificial Intelligence Book PDF

Author : Bart Custers,Eduard Fosch-Villaronga
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 566 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2022-07-05
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789462655232

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Law and Artificial Intelligence by Bart Custers,Eduard Fosch-Villaronga Pdf

This book provides an in-depth overview of what is currently happening in the field of Law and Artificial Intelligence (AI). From deep fakes and disinformation to killer robots, surgical robots, and AI lawmaking, the many and varied contributors to this volume discuss how AI could and should be regulated in the areas of public law, including constitutional law, human rights law, criminal law, and tax law, as well as areas of private law, including liability law, competition law, and consumer law. Aimed at an audience without a background in technology, this book covers how AI changes these areas of law as well as legal practice itself. This scholarship should prove of value to academics in several disciplines (e.g., law, ethics, sociology, politics, and public administration) and those who may find themselves confronted with AI in the course of their work, particularly people working within the legal domain (e.g., lawyers, judges, law enforcement officers, public prosecutors, lawmakers, and policy advisors). Bart Custers is Professor of Law and Data Science at eLaw - Center for Law and Digital Technologies at Leiden University in the Netherlands. Eduard Fosch-Villaronga is Assistant Professor at eLaw - Center for Law and Digital Technologies at Leiden University in the Netherlands.

Liability for Crimes Involving Artificial Intelligence Systems

Gabriel Hallevy
Liability for Crimes Involving Artificial Intelligence Systems Book PDF

Author : Gabriel Hallevy
Publisher : Springer
Page : 262 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2014-11-06
Category : Law
ISBN : 9783319101248

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Liability for Crimes Involving Artificial Intelligence Systems by Gabriel Hallevy Pdf

The book develops a general legal theory concerning the liability for offenses involving artificial intelligence systems. The involvement of the artificial intelligence systems in these offenses may be as perpetrators, accomplices or mere instruments. The general legal theory proposed in this book is based on the current criminal law in most modern legal systems. In most modern countries, unmanned vehicles, sophisticated surgical systems, industrial computing systems, trading algorithms and other artificial intelligence systems are commonly used for both industrial and personal purposes. The question of legal liability arises when something goes wrong, e.g. the unmanned vehicle is involved in a car accident, the surgical system is involved in a surgical error or the trading algorithm is involved in fraud, etc. Who is to be held liable for these offenses: the manufacturer, the programmer, the user, or, perhaps, the artificial intelligence system itself? The concept of liability for crimes involving artificial intelligence systems has not yet been widely researched. Advanced technologies are forcing society to face new challenges, both technical and legal. The idea of liability in the specific context of artificial intelligence systems is one such challenge that should be thoroughly explored.

Artificial Intelligence and Normative Challenges

Angelos Kornilakis,Georgios Nouskalis,Vassilis Pergantis,Themistoklis Tzimas
Artificial Intelligence and Normative Challenges Book PDF

Author : Angelos Kornilakis,Georgios Nouskalis,Vassilis Pergantis,Themistoklis Tzimas
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 274 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2023-11-20
Category : Law
ISBN : 9783031410819

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Artificial Intelligence and Normative Challenges by Angelos Kornilakis,Georgios Nouskalis,Vassilis Pergantis,Themistoklis Tzimas Pdf

Artificial intelligence (AI) – both in its current, comparatively limited form and even more so in its potential future forms (such as general and superintelligence) – has raised both concerns and hopes. Its actual and potential consequences are increasingly far-reaching, affecting almost every facet of human life on a collective and individual level: from the use of mobile phones and social media to autonomous weapons, and from the digitalization of knowledge and information to the patentability of AI innovations, unexpected philosophical, ontological, political and legal questions continue to arise.This book offers an insightful and essential guide to the scientific questions that are shaping humanity’s present and future. Presenting a collection of academic essays written by prominent scholars, it addresses the major legal issues concerning AI: its impact on a wide range of human behavior and the general legal response, including questions on AI and legal personhood; responsibility, liability and culpability in the age of AI; the challenges AI poses for intellectual property regimes; human rights challenges; and AI’s impact on jus ad bellum and jus in bello.Given its scope, the book will appeal to researchers, scholars and practitioners seeking a guide to this rapidly transforming landscape.

Artificial Intelligence and the Law

Dennis J. Baker,Paul H. Robinson
Artificial Intelligence and the Law Book PDF

Author : Dennis J. Baker,Paul H. Robinson
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 250 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2020-10-29
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781000210644

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Artificial Intelligence and the Law by Dennis J. Baker,Paul H. Robinson Pdf

This volume presents new research in artificial intelligence (AI) and Law with special reference to criminal justice. It brings together leading international experts including computer scientists, lawyers, judges and cyber-psychologists. The book examines some of the core problems that technology raises for criminal law ranging from privacy and data protection, to cyber-warfare, through to the theft of virtual property. Focusing on the West and China, the work considers the issue of AI and the Law in a comparative context presenting the research from a cross-jurisdictional and cross-disciplinary approach. As China becomes a global leader in AI and technology, the book provides an essential in-depth understanding of domestic laws in both Western jurisdictions and China on criminal liability for cybercrime. As such, it will be a valuable resource for academics and researchers working in the areas of AI, technology and criminal justice.

Augmented Reality and Artificial Intelligence

Vladimir Geroimenko
Augmented Reality and Artificial Intelligence Book PDF

Author : Vladimir Geroimenko
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 383 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2023-04-29
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783031271663

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Augmented Reality and Artificial Intelligence by Vladimir Geroimenko Pdf

This book is the first research monograph that explores a new research field and practical applications produced by the combined use of two of the most advanced and powerful technologies available in today’s world – Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Augmented Reality (AR). It is written by a team of 50 researchers and practitioners from 16 countries, which has enabled a thorough coverage of emerging or previously unexplored subject areas. The authors consider practical, theoretical, and cultural aspects of “AI-powered AR” and “AR-enriched AI”, and their usage in a large variety of areas, such as education, medicine, healthcare, dentistry, pharmacy, active lifestyle, smart services, fashion, retail, recommender systems, and several others. Augmented Reality and Artificial Intelligence: The Fusion of Advanced Technologies is essential reading not only for researchers, practitioners and technology developers, but also for students (both graduates and undergraduates) and anyone who is interested in building a comprehensive understanding of the emerging fields of “intelligent augmented environments” and “artificial intelligence presented by augmented reality”.

Research Handbook on Corporate Liability

Martin Petrin,Christian Witting
Research Handbook on Corporate Liability Book PDF

Author : Martin Petrin,Christian Witting
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 501 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2023-08-14
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781800371286

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Research Handbook on Corporate Liability by Martin Petrin,Christian Witting Pdf

This Research Handbook considers many aspects of corporate liability, beginning with a fundamental explanation of what the company is, through depictions of corporate liability in theory, to the key areas of liability in practice. Interdisciplinary in nature, the contributions cover corporate and participant liability under statutory law, tort and criminal law, and corporate fiduciary and securities law. Specific perspectives include those on vicarious liability in tort and its application to corporations, and accountability for AI labour.

Toward a Conceptual Network for the Private Law of Artificial Intelligence

Paweł Księżak,Sylwia Wojtczak
Toward a Conceptual Network for the Private Law of Artificial Intelligence Book PDF

Author : Paweł Księżak,Sylwia Wojtczak
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 299 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2023-01-16
Category : Law
ISBN : 9783031194474

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Toward a Conceptual Network for the Private Law of Artificial Intelligence by Paweł Księżak,Sylwia Wojtczak Pdf

This book provides a set of proposals for the new conceptual network required in order to establish civil law rules for a world permeated by Artificial Intelligence. These proposals are intended by their authors to push the debate on the new civil law forward. In spite of the natural conservatism of jurists, some innovative or even futuristic ideas are called for, also because the future, even this not-so-distant one, is difficult to foresee. Paradoxically, and unlike in the past, this lack of knowledge must not stop us from planning. If it does, humankind may, as some pessimists already claim, lose its chance to win the battle for control of the world. The rise and expansion of Artificial Intelligence and robotics in recent years has highlighted a pressing need to create a suitable legal framework for this new phenomenon. The debate on the subject, although wide-ranging and involving many new legal documents, is still quite general and preliminary in nature, although these preparatory works illustrate the very real need to develop appropriate new civil law arrangements. It is exactly the branch of private law where the necessity of these new rules appears to be the most imperative. Autonomous vehicles, medical robots, and expertise software raise fundamental questions on aspects of civil liability such as culpability; whereas the growth in popularity of automated, intelligent software systems for concluding contracts requires a new approach to many fundamental and deeply rooted elements of contract law, e.g. consciousness, intent, error, deception, interpretation of contracts and good faith. Ruling on these specific matters demands the identification and clarification of certain key points, which shall become the foundation for constructing AI/robot civil law.

Person, Thing, Robot

David J. Gunkel
Person Thing Robot Book PDF

Author : David J. Gunkel
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 247 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2023-09-05
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780262375238

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Person, Thing, Robot by David J. Gunkel Pdf

Why robots defy our existing moral and legal categories and how to revolutionize the way we think about them. Robots are a curious sort of thing. On the one hand, they are technological artifacts—and thus, things. On the other hand, they seem to have social presence, because they talk and interact with us, and simulate the capabilities commonly associated with personhood. In Person, Thing, Robot, David J. Gunkel sets out to answer the vexing question: What exactly is a robot? Rather than try to fit robots into the existing categories by way of arguing for either their reification or personification, however, Gunkel argues for a revolutionary reformulation of the entire system, developing a new moral and legal ontology for the twenty-first century and beyond. In this book, Gunkel investigates how and why efforts to use existing categories to classify robots fail, argues that “robot” designates an irreducible anomaly in the existing ontology, and formulates an alternative that restructures the ontological order in both moral philosophy and law. Person, Thing, Robot not only addresses the issues that are relevant to students, teachers, and researchers working in the fields of moral philosophy, philosophy of technology, science and technology studies (STS), and AI/robot law and policy but it also speaks to controversies that are important to AI researchers, robotics engineers, and computer scientists concerned with the social consequences of their work.

Regulating Artificial Intelligence

Thomas Wischmeyer,Timo Rademacher
Regulating Artificial Intelligence Book PDF

Author : Thomas Wischmeyer,Timo Rademacher
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 391 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2019-11-29
Category : Law
ISBN : 9783030323615

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Regulating Artificial Intelligence by Thomas Wischmeyer,Timo Rademacher Pdf

This book assesses the normative and practical challenges for artificial intelligence (AI) regulation, offers comprehensive information on the laws that currently shape or restrict the design or use of AI, and develops policy recommendations for those areas in which regulation is most urgently needed. By gathering contributions from scholars who are experts in their respective fields of legal research, it demonstrates that AI regulation is not a specialized sub-discipline, but affects the entire legal system and thus concerns all lawyers. Machine learning-based technology, which lies at the heart of what is commonly referred to as AI, is increasingly being employed to make policy and business decisions with broad social impacts, and therefore runs the risk of causing wide-scale damage. At the same time, AI technology is becoming more and more complex and difficult to understand, making it harder to determine whether or not it is being used in accordance with the law. In light of this situation, even tech enthusiasts are calling for stricter regulation of AI. Legislators, too, are stepping in and have begun to pass AI laws, including the prohibition of automated decision-making systems in Article 22 of the General Data Protection Regulation, the New York City AI transparency bill, and the 2017 amendments to the German Cartel Act and German Administrative Procedure Act. While the belief that something needs to be done is widely shared, there is far less clarity about what exactly can or should be done, or what effective regulation might look like. The book is divided into two major parts, the first of which focuses on features common to most AI systems, and explores how they relate to the legal framework for data-driven technologies, which already exists in the form of (national and supra-national) constitutional law, EU data protection and competition law, and anti-discrimination law. In the second part, the book examines in detail a number of relevant sectors in which AI is increasingly shaping decision-making processes, ranging from the notorious social media and the legal, financial and healthcare industries, to fields like law enforcement and tax law, in which we can observe how regulation by AI is becoming a reality.

Beyond Intellect and Reasoning

Acres A Stowe
Beyond Intellect and Reasoning Book PDF

Author : Acres A Stowe
Publisher : Page Publishing Inc
Page : 95 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2022-03-31
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781662466472

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Beyond Intellect and Reasoning by Acres A Stowe Pdf

The purpose of this book is to draw readers’ attention to various legal intricacies associated with deploying self-directed artificial intelligence systems (AIS), particularly emphasizing the limits of the law, vis-à-vis liability problems that may emerge within third-party contracts. With the advent of today’s ostensive “Amazon Halo or Alexa,” consumers are having to conclude contracts (e.g., sale of goods and distant financial services) in much more complex (cybernetic) environments. Generally, with one party acting in the capacity of a human being while the other (as an autonomous thing/device [AIS] with capabilities well beyond that of humans) representing the interests of others (not just other humans). Yet traditional jurisprudence is limited in scope for holding these systems legally accountable if they were to malfunction and cause harm. Interestingly, within the judicial system itself, the use of AIS is more prevalent now, including within the criminal justice system in some jurisdictions. In the United States, for instance, AIS algorithms are utilized to determine sentencing and bail processing. Still, jurists find themselves limited to traditional legal methodologies and tools when tackling novel situations brought about by these systems. For example, traditional strict liability concept, as applied in tort law, typically ties responsibility to the person(s) (e.g., AIS developers) influencing the decision-making process. In contract law, particularly where third parties are concerned, AIS are equated to tools for the purposes of traditional strict liability rules. Thus, binding anyone on whose behalf they would have acted (irrespective of whether such acts were intentional or foreseeable).

Legal Aspects of Autonomous Systems

Dário Moura Vicente,Rui Soares Pereira,Ana Alves Leal
Legal Aspects of Autonomous Systems Book PDF

Author : Dário Moura Vicente,Rui Soares Pereira,Ana Alves Leal
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 381 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2024-01-02
Category : Law
ISBN : 9783031479465

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Legal Aspects of Autonomous Systems by Dário Moura Vicente,Rui Soares Pereira,Ana Alves Leal Pdf

As computational power, the volume of available data, IT systems’ autonomy, and the human-like capabilities of machines increase, robots and AI systems have substantial and growing implications for the law and raise a host of challenges to current legal doctrines. The main question to be answered is whether the foundations and general principles of private law and criminal law offer a functional and adaptive legal framework for the “autonomous systems” phenomena. The main purpose of this book is to identify and explore possible trajectories for the development of civil and criminal liability; for our understanding of the attribution link to autonomous systems; and, in particular, for the punishment of unlawful conduct in connection with their operation. AI decision-making processes – including judicial sentencing – also warrant close attention in this regard. Since AI is moving faster than the process of regulatory recalibration, this book provides valuable insights on its redesign and on the harmonization, at the European level, of the current regulatory frameworks, in order to keep pace with technological changes. Providing a broader and more comprehensive picture of the legal challenges posed by autonomous systems, this book covers a wide range of topics, including the regulation of autonomous vehicles, data protection and governance, personality rights, intellectual property, corporate governance, and contract conclusion and termination issues arising from automated decisions, blockchain technology and AI applications, particularly in the banking and finance sectors. The authors are legal experts from around the world with extensive academic and/or practical experience in these areas.