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Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Indian Affairs (1993- )
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 90 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : LOC:00058351076
Author : D. Douglas Blanke,Vera da Costa e Silva
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 308 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : International cooperation
ISBN : 9241562684
On title page: Tools for advancing tobacco control in the 21st century.
Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Commerce. Subcommittee on Health and the Environment
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 174 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UOM:39015042081946
Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 80 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Law
ISBN : STANFORD:36105050012322
Author : Martha Derthick
Publisher : C Q Press College
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : STANFORD:36105110384117
Author : Donley T. Studlar
Publisher : Peterborough, Ont. : Broadview Press
Page : 342 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2002-02
Category : Law
ISBN : STANFORD:36105110298689
This book is a revealing exploration and comparison of the development of North American policies and the influence these policies are having in the attempt to regulate a major international business in the interests of public health.
Author : United States. General Accounting Office
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 69 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Products liability
ISBN : OCLC:47966339
Author : Jeffrey E. Haymond
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 180 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2001-04-01
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 142352831X
This thesis examines the public choice issues surrounding the ongoing tobacco controversy. From a standard public interest story, the arguments against tobacco suggest the need for a total ban of the product; yet that was never seriously proposed. Thus this thesis seeks to apply public choice principles in search of a more realistic understanding of the actions surrounding tobacco. Various public choice principles are analyzed including interest group behavior, bureaucracy, and rent seeking. However, the rent extraction model of political extortion was examined in depth, and tested empirically using event study methodology. Using stock market data from 1997 and 1998, during the period of the national tobacco settlement discussions, the author found the evidence supported the rent extraction theory: wealth was extracted in exchange for no action against the industry. This model of political extortion can be extended to assess the role of the class action lawsuit: is it a tool of legal extortion? One interesting aspect of class action lawsuits is the high percentage that do not go to trial, but are settled out of court. This is especially true for securities class action lawsuits. The author gathered data on thirty securities class action lawsuits, and performed event studies to assess the validity of extending the rent extraction model to legal extortion. The data strongly supported this extension. One could look at the actions surrounding the tobacco issue as simply changing claims to the property rights of the tobacco industry and smokers. The author examined several theories of property rights and the process of change. A historical review of tobacco- related actions was undertaken, with the analysis supporting the proposition that changing property rights occur as a process of conflict over scarcity, with public opinion changes leading political entrepreneurs to force change in existing property rights structures.
Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Indian Affairs (1993- )
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 80 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UCAL:B5159617
Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Care Services,National Cancer Policy Forum
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 131 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2013-04-16
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309264044
Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable death in United States, causing more than 440,000 deaths annually and resulting in $193 billion in health-related economic losses each year-$96 billion in direct medical costs and $97 billion in lost productivity. Since the first U.S. Surgeon General's report on smoking in 1964, more than 29 Surgeon General's reports, drawing on data from thousands of studies, have documented the overwhelming and conclusive biologic, epidemiologic, behavioral, and pharmacologic evidence that tobacco use is deadly. This evidence base links tobacco use to the development of multiple types of cancer and other life-threatening conditions, including cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Smoking accounts for at least 30 percent of all cancer deaths, and 80 percent of lung cancer deaths. Despite the widespread agreement on the dangers of tobacco use and considerable success in reducing tobacco use prevalence from over 40 percent at the time of the 1964 Surgeon General's report to less than 20 percent today, recent progress in reducing tobacco use has slowed. An estimated 18.9 percent of U.S. adults smoke cigarettes, nearly one in four high school seniors smoke, and 13 percent of high school males use smokeless tobacco products. In recognition that progress in combating cancer will not be fully achieved without addressing the tobacco problem, the National Cancer Policy Forum of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) convened a public workshop, Reducing Tobacco-Related Cancer Incidence and Mortality, June 11-12, 2012 in Washington, DC. In opening remarks to the workshop participants, planning committee chair Roy Herbst, professor of medicine and of pharmacology and chief of medical oncology at Yale Cancer Center and Smilow Cancer Hospital, described the goals of the workshop, which were to examine the current obstacles to tobacco control and to discuss potential policy, outreach, and treatment strategies that could overcome these obstacles and reduce tobacco-related cancer incidence and mortality. Experts explored a number of topics, including: the changing demographics of tobacco users and the changing patterns of tobacco product use; the influence of tobacco use on cancer incidence and cancer treatment outcomes; tobacco dependence and cessation programs; federal and state level laws and regulations to curtail tobacco use; tobacco control education, messaging, and advocacy; financial and legal challenges to tobacco control efforts; and research and infrastructure needs to support tobacco control strategies, reduce tobacco related cancer incidence, and improve cancer patient outcomes. Reducing Tobacco-Related Cancer Incidence and Mortality summarizes the workshop.
Author : W. Kip Viscusi
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 263 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2010-02-15
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780226857480
The 1998 out-of-court settlements of litigation by the states against the cigarette industry totaled $243 billion, making it the largest payoff ever in our civil justice system. Two key questions drove the lawsuits and the attendant settlement: Do smokers understand the risks of smoking? And does smoking impose net financial costs on the states? With Smoke-Filled Rooms,W. Kip Viscusi provides unexpected answers to these questions, drawing on an impressive range of data on several topics central to the smoking policy debate. Based on surveys of smokers in the United States and Spain, for instance, he demonstrates that smokers actually overestimate the dangers of smoking, indicating that they are well aware of the risks involved in their choice to smoke. And while smoking does increase medical costs to the states, Viscusi finds that these costs are more than financially balanced by the premature mortality of smokers, which reduces their demands on state pension and health programs, so that, on average, smoking either pays for itself or generates revenues for the states. Viscusi's eye-opening assessment of the tobacco lawsuits also includes policy recommendations that could frame these debates in a more productive way, such as his suggestion that the FDA should develop a rating system for cigarettes and other tobacco products based on their relative safety, thus providing an incentive for tobacco manufacturers to compete among themselves to produce safer cigarettes. Viscusi's hard look at the facts of smoking and its costs runs against conventional thinking. But it is also necessary for an informed and realistic debate about the legal, financial, and social consequences of the tobacco lawsuits. People making $50,000 or more pay .08 percent of their income in cigarette taxes, but people with incomes of less than $10,000 pay 1.62 percenttwenty times as much. The maintenance crew at the Capitol will bear more of the "sin tax" levied on cigarettes than will members of Congress who voted to boost it. Cigarettes are not a financial drain to the U.S. In fact, they are self-financing, as a consequence of smokers' premature mortality. The general public estimates that 47 out of 100 smokers will die from lung cancer because they smoke. Smokers believe that 40 out of 100 will die of the disease. Scientists estimate the actual number of 100 smokers who will die from lung cancer to be between 7 and 13.
Author : Ben Nighthorse Campbell
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 66 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 1997-05-01
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0788187384
Hearing on the proposed tobacco settlement and how it may affect smoking in Indian country and the sale of tobacco products on Indian lands. Witnesses: Jack Chambers, Jr., Traditional Elder, Grand Traverse Band of Ottowa and Chippewa Indians; Franklin Ducheneaux, Ducheneaux, Taylor and Assoc.; Christine Gregoire, Att. Gen., State of WA; Doran Morris, Council Member, Omaha Tribal Council; Gale Norton, Att. Gen, State of CO; Mary Pavel, Sonosky, Chambers, Sachse and Endreson; Robert Rosett, Tribal Attorney; Alex Tallchief Skibine, College of Law, Univ. of Utah; and Craig Vanderwagen, Indian Health Service, Dept. of HHS.
Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Committee to Assess the Science Base for Tobacco Harm Reduction
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 657 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2001-10-17
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309072823
Despite overwhelming evidence of tobacco's harmful effects and pressure from anti-smoking advocates, current surveys show that about one-quarter of all adults in the United States are smokers. This audience is the target for a wave of tobacco products and pharmaceuticals that claim to preserve tobacco pleasure while reducing its toxic effects. Clearing the Smoke addresses the problems in evaluating whether such products actually do reduce the health risks of tobacco use. Within the context of regulating such products, the committee explores key questions: Does the use of such products decrease exposure to harmful substances in tobacco? Is decreased exposure associated with decreased harm to health? Are there surrogate indicators of harm that could be measured quickly enough for regulation of these products? What are the public health implications? This book looks at the types of products that could reduce harm and reviews the available evidence for their impact on various forms of cancer and other major ailments. It also recommends approaches to governing these products and tracking their public health effects. With an attitude of healthy skepticism, Clearing the Smoke will be important to health policy makers, public health officials, medical practitioners, manufacturers and marketers of "reduced-harm" tobacco products, and anyone trying to sort through product claims.
Author : Martha A. Derthick
Publisher : SAGE
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2011-07-26
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781483304649
Now, with a brand new 3rd edition, the book returns to "ordinary politics" and the passage of the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act which gave the FDA broad authority to regulate both the manufacture and marketing of tobacco products. Derthick shows our political institutions working as they should, even if slowly, with partisanship and interest group activity playing their part in putting restraints on cigarette smoking.
Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Commerce. Subcommittee on Health and the Environment
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 126 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Law
ISBN : PURD:32754068904782