Toxicogenomic Technologies And Risk Assessment Of Environmental Carcinogens

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Toxicogenomic Technologies and Risk Assessment of Environmental Carcinogens

National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Committee on Emerging Issues and Data on Environmental Contaminants,Committee on How Toxicogenomics Could Inform Critical Issues in Carcinogenic Risk Assessment of Environmental Chemicals
Toxicogenomic Technologies and Risk Assessment of Environmental Carcinogens Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Committee on Emerging Issues and Data on Environmental Contaminants,Committee on How Toxicogenomics Could Inform Critical Issues in Carcinogenic Risk Assessment of Environmental Chemicals
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 68 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2005-10-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309181785

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Toxicogenomic Technologies and Risk Assessment of Environmental Carcinogens by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Committee on Emerging Issues and Data on Environmental Contaminants,Committee on How Toxicogenomics Could Inform Critical Issues in Carcinogenic Risk Assessment of Environmental Chemicals Pdf

Toxicogenomics is a discipline that combines expertise in toxicology, genetics, molecular biology, and environmental health to help understand the response of living organisms to stressful environments. The National Research Council convened a workshop to discuss how toxicogenomic data could be applied to improve risk assessments, particularly cancer risk from environmental exposure to chemicals. Risk assessments serve as the basis of many public-health decisions in environmental, occupational, and consumer protection from chemicals. The workshop provided a forum for communities of experts, including those working in "-omics" and those in the policy arena, to discuss where their fields intersect, and how toxicogenomics could address critical knowledge gaps in risk assessments.

Applications of Toxicogenomic Technologies to Predictive Toxicology and Risk Assessment

National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Applications of Toxicogenomic Technologies to Predictive Toxicology
Applications of Toxicogenomic Technologies to Predictive Toxicology and Risk Assessment Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Applications of Toxicogenomic Technologies to Predictive Toxicology
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 300 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2007-11-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309178891

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Applications of Toxicogenomic Technologies to Predictive Toxicology and Risk Assessment by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Applications of Toxicogenomic Technologies to Predictive Toxicology Pdf

The new field of toxicogenomics presents a potentially powerful set of tools to better understand the health effects of exposures to toxicants in the environment. At the request of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, the National Research Council assembled a committee to identify the benefits of toxicogenomics, the challenges to achieving them, and potential approaches to overcoming such challenges. The report concludes that realizing the potential of toxicogenomics to improve public health decisions will require a concerted effort to generate data, make use of existing data, and study data in new waysâ€"an effort requiring funding, interagency coordination, and data management strategies.

Applications of Toxicogenomics in Safety Evaluation and Risk Assessment

Darrell R. Boverhof,B. Bhaskar Gollapudi
Applications of Toxicogenomics in Safety Evaluation and Risk Assessment Book PDF

Author : Darrell R. Boverhof,B. Bhaskar Gollapudi
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 470 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2011-10-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781118008980

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Applications of Toxicogenomics in Safety Evaluation and Risk Assessment by Darrell R. Boverhof,B. Bhaskar Gollapudi Pdf

This book provides a timely overview of toxicogenomics, with special emphasis on the practical applications of this technology to the risk assessment process. Introductory sections are followed by a series of chapters highlighting practical and systematic applications of toxicogenomics in informing the risk assessment process – including the areas of mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, endocrine toxicity, organ-specific toxicity, population monitoring, and ecotoxicology. The book concludes with approaches for the integration of this technology in safety evaluation studies, and an outlook on how toxicogenomics and complementary technologies can reframe the current risk assessment paradigm.

Toxicogenomics in Predictive Carcinogenicity

Russell S Thomas,Michael D Waters
Toxicogenomics in Predictive Carcinogenicity Book PDF

Author : Russell S Thomas,Michael D Waters
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
Page : 524 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2016-06-16
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781782624059

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Toxicogenomics in Predictive Carcinogenicity by Russell S Thomas,Michael D Waters Pdf

Research over the past decade has demonstrated that TGx methods of various types can be used to discriminate modes of mutagenesis as a function of dose. TGx can quickly inform safety evaluation regarding potential mechanisms of conventional outcomes and can provide essential dose-response information. This can then be used to ascertain the sequence of key events in a putative mode of action as may apply in quantitative cancer risk assessment. With the increasing complexity of research in mode of action investigations it is important to gain a better understand of approaches to data integration and health risk assessment. Furthermore, it is essential to consider how novel test systems and newer methods and approaches may be used in future to gain a better understanding of mechanisms. Toxicogenomics in Predictive Carcinogenicity describes toxicogenomics methods in predictive carcinogenicity testing, mode of action and safety evaluation, and cancer risk assessment. It illustrates these methods using case studies that have yielded significant new information on compounds and classes of compounds that have proven difficult to evaluate using conventional methods alone. This book additionally covers current and potential toxicogenomic research using stem cells as well as new bioinformatics methods for drug discovery and environmental toxicology. This publication is an indispensable tool for postgraduates, academics and industrialists working in biochemistry, genomics, carcinogenesis, pathology, pharmaceuticals, food technology, bioinformatics, risk assessment and environmental toxicology.

Toxicity-Pathway-Based Risk Assessment

National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Standing Committee on Risk Analysis Issues and Reviews
Toxicity Pathway Based Risk Assessment Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Standing Committee on Risk Analysis Issues and Reviews
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 135 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2010-06-07
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780309156929

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Toxicity-Pathway-Based Risk Assessment by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Standing Committee on Risk Analysis Issues and Reviews Pdf

In 2007, the National Research Council envisioned a new paradigm in which biologically important perturbations in key toxicity pathways would be evaluated with new methods in molecular biology, bioinformatics, computational toxicology, and a comprehensive array of in vitro tests based primarily on human biology. Although some considered the vision too optimistic with respect to the promise of the new science, no one can deny that a revolution in toxicity testing is under way. New approaches are being developed, and data are being generated. As a result, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) expects a large influx of data that will need to be evaluated. EPA also is faced with tens of thousands of chemicals on which toxicity information is incomplete and emerging chemicals and substances that will need risk assessment and possible regulation. Therefore, the agency asked the National Research Council to convene a symposium to stimulate discussion on the application of the new approaches and data in risk assessment. The symposium was held on May 11-13, 2009, in Washington, DC, and included presentations and discussion sessions on pathway-based approaches for hazard identification, applications of new approaches to mode-of-action analyses, the challenges to and opportunities for risk assessment in the changing paradigm, and future directions.

Application of Toxicogenomics to Cross-Species Extrapolation

National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Emerging Issues and Data on Environmental Contaminants,Committee on Applications of Toxicogenomics to Cross-Species Extrapolation
Application of Toxicogenomics to Cross Species Extrapolation Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Emerging Issues and Data on Environmental Contaminants,Committee on Applications of Toxicogenomics to Cross-Species Extrapolation
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 58 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2006-04-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309181686

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Application of Toxicogenomics to Cross-Species Extrapolation by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Emerging Issues and Data on Environmental Contaminants,Committee on Applications of Toxicogenomics to Cross-Species Extrapolation Pdf

Some of what we know about the health effects of exposure to chemicals from food, drugs, and the environment come from studies of occupational, inadvertent, or accident-related exposures. When there is not enough human data, scientists rely on animal data to assess risk from chemical exposure and make health and safety decisions. However, humans and animals can respond differently to chemicals, including the types of adverse effects experienced and the dosages at which they occur. Scientists in the field of toxicogenomics are using new technologies to study the effects of chemicals. For example, in response to a particular chemical exposure, they can study gene expression ("transcriptomics"), proteins ("proteomics") and metabolites ("metabolomics"), and they can also look at how individual and species differences in the underlying DNA sequence itself can result in different responses to the environment. Based on a workshop held in August 2004, this report explores how toxicogenomics could enhance scientists' ability to make connections between data from experimental animal studies and human health.

Validation of Toxicogenomic Technologies

National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Emerging Issues and Data on Environmental Contaminants,Committee on Validation of Toxicogenomic Technologies: A Focus on Chemical Classification Strategies
Validation of Toxicogenomic Technologies Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Emerging Issues and Data on Environmental Contaminants,Committee on Validation of Toxicogenomic Technologies: A Focus on Chemical Classification Strategies
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 98 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2007-04-28
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780309104135

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Validation of Toxicogenomic Technologies by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Emerging Issues and Data on Environmental Contaminants,Committee on Validation of Toxicogenomic Technologies: A Focus on Chemical Classification Strategies Pdf

Beginning in the early 1980s, new technologies, began to permit evaluation of the expression of individual genes. Recent technological advances have expanded those evaluations to permit the simultaneous detection of the expression of tens of thousands of genes and to support holistic evaluations of the entire genome. The application of these technologies has enabled researchers to unravel complexities of cell biology and, in conjunction with toxicologic evaluations, the technologies are used to probe and gain insight into questions of toxicologic relevance. As a result, the use of the technologies has become increasingly important for scientists in academia, as well as for the regulatory and drug development process.

Toxicology and Risk Assessment

Helmut Greim,Robert Snyder
Toxicology and Risk Assessment Book PDF

Author : Helmut Greim,Robert Snyder
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 838 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2018-11-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781119135913

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Toxicology and Risk Assessment by Helmut Greim,Robert Snyder Pdf

Provides a complete understanding of how our bodies respond to toxicants, and the principles used to assess the health risks of specific exposure scenarios Toxicology and Risk Assessment: A Comprehensive Introduction, Second Edition reflects recent advances in science and technology, and provides the scientific background and methodological issues to enable the reader to understand the basic principles in toxicology and to evaluate the health risks of specific exposure scenarios. Completely updated with the latest information, this book offers a concise introduction to the subject. It is divided into five sections: Principles in Toxicology, Organ Toxicology, Methods in Toxicology, Regulatory Toxicology, and Specific Toxicity. The 2nd Edition adds new chapters that cover recent scientific and technological advances and current topics including the endocrine system, alternatives to animal testing, risk assessment and thresholds for carcinogens, European and international regulation, nanomaterials, fuels, fragrances, and agrochemicals. Concentrates on the basic concepts of toxicology and provides sufficient information for the reader to become familiar with them in order to understand the principles and to evaluate the risks at given exposures 30% new chapters cover recent scientific and technological advances including alternatives to animal testing; genotoxic carcinogens; REACH regulations; nanomaterials; fuels; fragrances; PAHs; and agrochemicals Written by a team of international specialists, and edited by two outstanding scientists in the field Fully updated and expanded, Toxicology and Risk Assessment: A Comprehensive Introduction, Second Edition is an essential text for any student or researcher with an interest in toxicology and related risk assessments.

Issues in Risk Assessment

National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Risk Assessment Methodology
Issues in Risk Assessment Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Risk Assessment Methodology
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 376 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 1993-02-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 0309047862

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Issues in Risk Assessment by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Risk Assessment Methodology Pdf

The scientific basis, inference assumptions, regulatory uses, and research needs in risk assessment are considered in this two-part volume. The first part, Use of Maximum Tolerated Dose in Animal Bioassays for Carcinogenicity, focuses on whether the maximum tolerated dose should continue to be used in carcinogenesis bioassays. The committee considers several options for modifying current bioassay procedures. The second part, Two-Stage Models of Carcinogenesis, stems from efforts to identify improved means of cancer risk assessment that have resulted in the development of a mathematical dose-response model based on a paradigm for the biologic phenomena thought to be associated with carcinogenesis.

Science and Decisions

National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Improving Risk Analysis Approaches Used by the U.S. EPA
Science and Decisions Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Improving Risk Analysis Approaches Used by the U.S. EPA
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 422 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2009-03-24
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309120463

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Science and Decisions by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Improving Risk Analysis Approaches Used by the U.S. EPA Pdf

Risk assessment has become a dominant public policy tool for making choices, based on limited resources, to protect public health and the environment. It has been instrumental to the mission of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as well as other federal agencies in evaluating public health concerns, informing regulatory and technological decisions, prioritizing research needs and funding, and in developing approaches for cost-benefit analysis. However, risk assessment is at a crossroads. Despite advances in the field, risk assessment faces a number of significant challenges including lengthy delays in making complex decisions; lack of data leading to significant uncertainty in risk assessments; and many chemicals in the marketplace that have not been evaluated and emerging agents requiring assessment. Science and Decisions makes practical scientific and technical recommendations to address these challenges. This book is a complement to the widely used 1983 National Academies book, Risk Assessment in the Federal Government (also known as the Red Book). The earlier book established a framework for the concepts and conduct of risk assessment that has been adopted by numerous expert committees, regulatory agencies, and public health institutions. The new book embeds these concepts within a broader framework for risk-based decision-making. Together, these are essential references for those working in the regulatory and public health fields.

Big Data in Predictive Toxicology

Daniel Neagu,Andrea-Nicole Richarz
Big Data in Predictive Toxicology Book PDF

Author : Daniel Neagu,Andrea-Nicole Richarz
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
Page : 289 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2019-12-04
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781839160820

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Big Data in Predictive Toxicology by Daniel Neagu,Andrea-Nicole Richarz Pdf

The rate at which toxicological data is generated is continually becoming more rapid and the volume of data generated is growing dramatically. This is due in part to advances in software solutions and cheminformatics approaches which increase the availability of open data from chemical, biological and toxicological and high throughput screening resources. However, the amplified pace and capacity of data generation achieved by these novel techniques presents challenges for organising and analysing data output. Big Data in Predictive Toxicology discusses these challenges as well as the opportunities of new techniques encountered in data science. It addresses the nature of toxicological big data, their storage, analysis and interpretation. It also details how these data can be applied in toxicity prediction, modelling and risk assessment. This title is of particular relevance to researchers and postgraduates working and studying in the fields of computational methods, applied and physical chemistry, cheminformatics, biological sciences, predictive toxicology and safety and hazard assessment.

Environmental Toxicants

Morton Lippmann
Environmental Toxicants Book PDF

Author : Morton Lippmann
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 1189 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2009-03-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780470442883

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Environmental Toxicants by Morton Lippmann Pdf

Provides the most current information and research available for performing risk assessments on exposed individuals and populations, giving guidance to public health authorities, primary care physicians, and industrial managers Reviews current knowledge on human exposure to selected chemical agents and physical factors in the ambient environment Updates and revises the previous edition, in light of current scientific literature and its significance to public health concerns Includes new chapters on: airline cabin exposures, arsenic, endocrine disruptors, and nanoparticles

Alternatives to Animal Testing

Hajime Kojima,Troy Seidle,Horst Spielmann
Alternatives to Animal Testing Book PDF

Author : Hajime Kojima,Troy Seidle,Horst Spielmann
Publisher : Springer
Page : 130 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2018-12-27
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789811324475

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Alternatives to Animal Testing by Hajime Kojima,Troy Seidle,Horst Spielmann Pdf

This open access book presents recent advances in the pure sciences that are of significance in the quest for alternatives to the use of animals in research and describes a variety of practical applications of the three key guiding principles for the more ethical use of animals in experiments – replacement, reduction, and refinement, collectively known as the 3Rs. Important examples from across the world of implementation of the 3Rs in the testing of cosmetics, chemicals, pesticides, and biologics, including vaccines, are described, with additional information on relevant regulations. The coverage also encompasses emerging approaches to alternative tests and the 3Rs. The book is based on the most informative contributions delivered at the Asian Congress 2016 on Alternatives and Animal Use in the Life Sciences. It will be of value for those working in R&D, for graduate students, and for educators in various fields, including the pharmaceutical and cosmetic sciences, pharmacology, toxicology, and animal welfare. The free, open access distribution of Alternatives to Animal Testing is enabled by the Creative Commons Attribution license in International version 4: CC BY 4.0.

Hidden Costs of Energy

National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Energy and Environmental Systems,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Health, Environmental, and Other External Costs and Benefits of Energy Production and Consumption
Hidden Costs of Energy Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Energy and Environmental Systems,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Health, Environmental, and Other External Costs and Benefits of Energy Production and Consumption
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 506 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2010-06-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309146401

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Hidden Costs of Energy by National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Energy and Environmental Systems,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Health, Environmental, and Other External Costs and Benefits of Energy Production and Consumption Pdf

Despite the many benefits of energy, most of which are reflected in energy market prices, the production, distribution, and use of energy causes negative effects. Many of these negative effects are not reflected in energy market prices. When market failures like this occur, there may be a case for government interventions in the form of regulations, taxes, fees, tradable permits, or other instruments that will motivate recognition of these external or hidden costs. The Hidden Costs of Energy defines and evaluates key external costs and benefits that are associated with the production, distribution, and use of energy, but are not reflected in market prices. The damage estimates presented are substantial and reflect damages from air pollution associated with electricity generation, motor vehicle transportation, and heat generation. The book also considers other effects not quantified in dollar amounts, such as damages from climate change, effects of some air pollutants such as mercury, and risks to national security. While not a comprehensive guide to policy, this analysis indicates that major initiatives to further reduce other emissions, improve energy efficiency, or shift to a cleaner electricity generating mix could substantially reduce the damages of external effects. A first step in minimizing the adverse consequences of new energy technologies is to better understand these external effects and damages. The Hidden Costs of Energy will therefore be a vital informational tool for government policy makers, scientists, and economists in even the earliest stages of research and development on energy technologies.

Toxicogenomics in Predictive Carcinogenicity

Michael D. Waters,Russell S. Thomas
Toxicogenomics in Predictive Carcinogenicity Book PDF

Author : Michael D. Waters,Russell S. Thomas
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
Page : 524 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781782621621

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Toxicogenomics in Predictive Carcinogenicity by Michael D. Waters,Russell S. Thomas Pdf

Describes toxicogenomics methods in predictive carcinogenicity testing and cancer risk assessment. Addresses the use of stem cells and bioinformatics in toxicogenomics. For postgraduates, academics and industrialists.