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Pharmacokinetics and Toxicokinetics by Mehdi Boroujerdi Pdf
Pharmacokinetics and Toxicokinetics provides an overview of pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics in a comprehensible, interrelated, and applied manner. It integrates the principles held in common by both fields through a logical and systematic approach. The book presents mathematical descriptions of physiological processes employed in different appr
Toxicokinetics and Risk Assessment by John C. Lipscomb,Edward V. Ohanian Pdf
Toxicokinetics in Risk Assessment discusses the noncancer risk assessment process and its reliance on uncertainty factors in order to facilitate the continued study and refinement of the scientific basis for health risk assessment. This text clearly demonstrates the application of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling in human healt
National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee to Review EPA's Draft IRIS Assessment of Formaldehyde
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee to Review EPA's Draft IRIS Assessment of Formaldehyde Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 204 pages File Size : 54,8 Mb Release : 2011-05-31 Category : Science ISBN : 9780309211963
Review of the Environmental Protection Agency's Draft IRIS Assessment of Formaldehyde by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee to Review EPA's Draft IRIS Assessment of Formaldehyde Pdf
Formaldehyde is ubiquitous in indoor and outdoor air, and everyone is exposed to formaldehyde at some concentration daily. Formaldehyde is used to produce a wide array of products, particularly building materials; it is emitted from many sources, including power plants, cars, gas and wood stoves, and cigarettes; it is a natural product in come foods; and it is naturally present in the human body as a metabolic intermediate. Much research has been conducted on the health effects of exposure to formaldehyde, including effects on the upper airway, where formaldehyde is deposited when inhaled, and effects on tissues distant from the site of initial contact. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released noncancer and cancer assessments of formaldehyde for its Intergated Risk Information System (IRIS) in 1990 and 1991, respectively. The agency began reassessing formaldehyde in 1998 and released a draft IRIS assessment in June 2010. Given the complexity of the issues and the knowledge that the assessment will be used as the basis of regulatory decisions, EPA asked the National Research Council (NRC) to conduct an independent scientific review of the draft IRIS assessment. In this report, the Committee to Review EPA's Draft IRIS Assessment of Formaldehyde first addresses some general issues associated with the draft IRIS assessment. The committee next focuses on questions concerning specific aspects of the draft assessment, including derivation of the reference concentrations and the cancer unit risk estimates for formaldehyde. The committee closes with recommendations for improving the IRIS assessment of formaldehyde and provides some general comments on the IRIS development process.
Handbook of Pharmacokinetics and Toxicokinetics by Mehdi Boroujerdi Pdf
This fully revised and expanded volume is an effort to blend the common approaches to pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics. It integrates the principles held in common by both fields through a logical and systematic approach, which includes mathematical descriptions of physical and physiological processes employed in the approaches to pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics modeling. It emphasizes general principles and concepts and related, isolated applications and case study observations. The systematic compilation of mathematical concepts and methodologies allows readers to decide on relevant concepts and approaches for their research, scientific or regulatory decisions, or for offering advanced courses/workshops and seminars. Features: Comprehensive handbook on principles and applications of PK/TK appealing to a diverse audience including scientists and students An excellent text fully revised and fully updated for anyone interested in the theoretical and practical pharmacokinetics The systematic compilation of mathematical concepts and methodologies allows readers to decide on relevant concepts and approaches for their research Incorporates research relevant to SDGs and of interest to industrial and regulatory environmental scientists involved in chemical contamination research and regulatory decision making related to soil, water, and ocean Includes sections on applications and case studies
Integration of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Toxicokinetics in Rational Drug Development by A. Yacobi,J.P. Skelly,Vinod P. Shah,L.Z. Benet Pdf
Proceedings of a conference sponsored by the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and the American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, held in Arlington, Virginia, April 24-26, 1991
Pharmacokinetics and Toxicokinetic Considerations - Vol II by Rakesh Kumar Tekade Pdf
Pharmacokinetics and Toxicokinetic Considerations explains the central principles, cutting-edge methodologies, and incipient thought processes applied to toxicology research. As part of the Advances in Pharmaceutical Product Development and Research series, the book provides expert literature on dose, dosage regimen and dose adjustment, medication errors, and approaches for its prevention, the concept of pharmacotherapy, and managed care in clinical interventions. It expounds on strategies to revamp the pharmacokinetics of the drug and the factors affecting the stability of drugs and their metabolites in biological matrices. Finally, the book offers focused elaborations on various bioanalytical methods for bioavailability and bioequivalence assessment and integrates the wide-ranging principles and concepts shared by toxicokinetics and pharmacodynamics as mutual crosstalk rather than isolated observations. It will be helpful to researchers and advanced students working in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, biotechnology, food, and related industries including toxicologists, pharmacists, and pharmacologists. Allows readers to systematically integrate up-to-date research findings into their laboratory work Presents focused explorations of bioanalytical methods for bioavailability and bioequivalence assessment Provides clinical applications of concepts
National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Toxicology,Subcommittee on Jet-Propulsion Fuel 8
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Toxicology,Subcommittee on Jet-Propulsion Fuel 8 Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 229 pages File Size : 46,8 Mb Release : 2003-02-14 Category : Nature ISBN : 0309168708
Toxicologic Assessment of Jet-Propulsion Fuel 8 by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Toxicology,Subcommittee on Jet-Propulsion Fuel 8 Pdf
This report provides a critical review of toxicologic, epidemiologic, and other relevant data on jet-propulsion fuel 8, a type of fuel in wide use by the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD), and an evaluation of the scientific basis of DOD’s interim permissible exposure level of 350 mg/m3
National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Toxicology,Subcommittee on Flame-Retardant Chemicals
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Toxicology,Subcommittee on Flame-Retardant Chemicals Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 534 pages File Size : 40,9 Mb Release : 2000-07-06 Category : Nature ISBN : 9780309171939
Toxicological Risks of Selected Flame-Retardant Chemicals by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Toxicology,Subcommittee on Flame-Retardant Chemicals Pdf
Ignition of upholstered furniture by small open flames from matches, cigarette lighters, and candles is one of the leading causes of residential-fire deaths in the United States. These fires accounted for about 16% of civilian fire deaths in 1996. On average, each year since 1990, about 90 deaths (primarily of children), 440 injuries, and property losses amounting to 50 million dollars have resulted from fires caused by the ignition of upholstered furniture by small open flames. Certain commercial seating products (such as aircraft and bus seats) are subject to flammability standards and sometimes incorporate FR-treated upholstery cover materials, but there is no federal-government requirement for residential upholstered furniture, and it is generally not treated with FR chemicals. It is estimated that less than 0.2% of all U.S. residential upholstery fabric is treated with flame-retardant (FR) chemicals. The Consumer Product Safety Act of 1972 created the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) as an independent federal regulatory agency whose mission is to protect the public from unreasonable risks of injury and death associated with consumer products. CPSC also administers the Flammable Fabrics Act, under which it regulates flammability hazards and the Federal Hazardous Substances Act (FHSA), which regulates hazardous substances including chemicals. In 1993, the National Association of State Fire Marshals petitioned CPSC to issue a performance-based flammability standard for upholstered furniture to reduce the risk of residential fires. The Commission granted that portion of the petition relating to small open flame ignition risks. In response to concerns regarding the safety of FR chemicals, Congress, in the fiscal year 1999 appropriations report for CPSC, requested that the National Research Council conduct an independent study of the health risks to consumers posed by exposure to FR chemicals that are likely to be used in residential upholstered furniture to meet a CPSC standard. The National Research Council assigned the project to the Committee on Toxicology (COT) of the Commission on Life Sciences' Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology. COT convened the Subcommittee on Flame-Retardant Chemicals, which prepared this report. Subcommittee members were chosen for their recognized expertise in toxicology, pharmacology, epidemiology, chemistry, exposure assessment, risk assessment, and biostatistics. Toxicological Risks of Selected Flame-Retardant Chemicals is organized into 18 chapters and two appendices. Chapter 2 describes the risk assessment process used by the subcommittee in determining the risk associated with potential exposure to the various FR chemicals. Chapter 3 describes the method the subcommittee used to measure and estimate the intensity, frequency, extent, and duration of human exposure to FR chemicals. Chapters 4-19 provide the subcommittee's review and assessment of health risks posed by exposure to each of the 16 FR chemicals. Data gaps and research needs are provided at the end of these chapters.
National Research Council,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on the Toxicological Effects of Methylmercury
Author : National Research Council,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on the Toxicological Effects of Methylmercury Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 364 pages File Size : 44,8 Mb Release : 2000-09-27 Category : Nature ISBN : 9780309171717
Toxicological Effects of Methylmercury by National Research Council,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on the Toxicological Effects of Methylmercury Pdf
Mercury is widespread in our environment. Methylmercury, one organic form of mercury, can accumulate up the aquatic food chain and lead to high concentrations in predatory fish. When consumed by humans, contaminated fish represent a public health risk. Combustion processes, especially coal-fired power plants, are major sources of mercury contamination in the environment. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is considering regulating mercury emissions from those plants. Toxicological Effects of Methylmercury reviews the health effects of methylmercury and discusses the estimation of mercury exposure from measured biomarkers, how differences between individuals affect mercury toxicity, and appropriate statistical methods for analysis of the data and thoroughly compares the epidemiological studies available on methylmercury. Included are discussions of current mercury levels on public health and a delineation of the scientific aspects and policy decisions involved in the regulation of mercury. This report is a valuable resource for individuals interested in the public health effects and regulation of mercury. The report also provides an excellent example of the implications of decisions in the risk assessment process for a larger audience.
National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee to Review EPA's Toxicological Assessment of Tetrachloroethylene
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee to Review EPA's Toxicological Assessment of Tetrachloroethylene Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 187 pages File Size : 48,6 Mb Release : 2010-03-18 Category : Nature ISBN : 9780309152358
Review of the Environmental Protection Agency's Draft IRIS Assessment of Tetrachloroethylene by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee to Review EPA's Toxicological Assessment of Tetrachloroethylene Pdf
Tetrachloroethylene is a volatile, chlorinated organic hydrocarbon that is widely used as a solvent in the dry-cleaning and textile-processing industries and as an agent for degreasing metal parts. It is an environmental contaminant that has been detected in the air, groundwater, surface waters, and soil. In June 2008, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency released its draft Toxicological Review of Tetrachloroethylene (Perchloroethylene) (CAS No. 127-18-4) in Support of Summary Information on the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). The draft IRIS assessment provides quantitative estimates of cancer and noncancer effects of exposure to tetrachloreothylene, which will be used to establish airquality and water-quality standards to protect public health and to set cleanup standards for hazardous waste sites. At the request of EPA, the National Research Council conducted an independent scientific review of the draft IRIS assessment of tetrachloroethylene from toxicologic, epidemiologic, and human clinical perspectives. The resulting book evaluates the adequacy of the EPA assessment, the data and methods used for deriving the noncancer values for inhalation and oral exposures and the oral and inhalation cancer unit risks posed by tetrachloroethylene; evaluates whether the key studies underlying the draft IRIS assessment are of requisite quality, reliability, and relevance to support the derivation of the reference values and cancer risks; evaluates whether the uncertainties in EPA's risk assessment were adequately described and, where possible, quantified; and identifies research that could reduce the uncertainty in the current understanding of human health effects associated with tetrachloroethylene exposure.
National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 194 pages File Size : 46,6 Mb Release : 2000-03-17 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309172530
Strategies to Protect the Health of Deployed U.S. Forces by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology Pdf
Risk management is especially important for military forces deployed in hostile and/or chemically contaminated environments, and on-line or rapid turn-around capabilities for assessing exposures can create viable options for preventing or minimizing incapaciting exposures or latent disease or disability in the years after the deployment. With military support for the development, testing, and validation of state-of-the-art personal and area sensors, telecommunications, and data management resources, the DOD can enhance its capabilities for meeting its novel and challenging tasks and create technologies that will find widespread civilian uses. Strategies to Protect the Health of Deployed U.S. Forces assesses currently available options and technologies for productive pre-deployment environmental surveillance, exposure surveillance during deployments, and retrospective exposure surveillance post-deployment. This report also considers some opportunities for technological and operational advancements in technology for more effective exposure surveillance and effects management options for force deployments in future years.
Handbook of Forensic Medicine by Burkhard Madea Pdf
Forensic Medicine encompasses all areas in which medicine and law interact. This book covers diverse aspects of forensic medicine including forensic pathology, traumatology and violent death, sudden and unexpected death, clinical forensic medicine, toxicology, traffic medicine, identification, haemogenetics and medical law. A knowledge of all these subdisciplines is necessary in order to solve routine as well as more unusual cases. Taking a comprehensive approach the book m.oves beyond a focus on forensic pathology to include clinical forensic medicine and forensic toxicology. All aspects of forensic medicine are covered to meet the specialist needs of daily casework. Aspects of routine analysis and quality control are addressed in each chapter. The book provides coverage of the latest developments in forensic molecular biology, forensic toxicology, molecular pathology and immunohistochemistry. A must-have reference for every specialist in the field this book is set to become the bench-mark for the international forensic medical community.
Veterinary Toxicology for Australia and New Zealand by Rosalind Dalefield Pdf
Veterinary Toxicology for Australia and New Zealand is a reference suited to the unique challenges of veterinary practice in Australia and New Zealand. Both streamlined and thorough in its coverage of poisons and treatments for those locations, this focused approach allows readers to quickly find relevant information that is presented in a concise and logical manner that is useful to clinicians. The authors draw upon a wealth of knowledge of the particularities of toxicology in Australia and New Zealand to present readers with the up-to-date information required to efficiently and effectively diagnose and treat their patients. Highlights toxins of specific concern in Australia and New Zealand Structures information in a logical way so that it can be located quickly Offers up-to-date information on current and emerging risks
Biomarkers in Toxicology, Second Edition, is a timely and comprehensive reference dedicated to all aspects of biomarkers that relate to chemical exposure and their effects on biological systems. This revised and completely updated edition includes both vertebrate and non-vertebrate species models for toxicological testing and the development of biomarkers. Divided into several key sections, this reference volume contains new chapters devoted to topics in microplastics, neuroimmunotoxicity and nutraceuticals, along with a look at the latest cutting-edge technologies used to detect biomarkers. Each chapter contains several references to current literature and important resources for further reading. Given this comprehensive treatment, this book is an essential reference for anyone interested in biomarkers across the scientific and biomedical fields. Evaluates the expansive literature, providing one resource covering all aspects of toxicology biomarkers Includes completely revised chapters, along with additional chapters on the newest developments in the field Identifies and discusses the most sensitive, accurate, unique and validated biomarkers used as indicators of exposure Covers special topics and applications of biomarkers, including chapters on molecular toxicology biomarkers, biomarker analysis for nanotoxicology, development of biomarkers for drug efficacy evaluation, and much more