Trade Costs And Inclusive Growth

Author : Robert R. Teh,Maarten Smeets,Mustapha Sadni Jallab,Fatima Chaudhri
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 289 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Commerce
ISBN : 9287043795

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Trade Costs and Inclusive Growth by Robert R. Teh,Maarten Smeets,Mustapha Sadni Jallab,Fatima Chaudhri Pdf

"Trade costs and inclusive growth looks at how implementation of the WTO's Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) can help to reduce trade costs and promote growth. The publication brings together contributions from ten participants in the WTO Chairs Programme, which supports trade-related activities by academic institutions in developing countries. The book looks into how the Aid for Trade initiative can assist with implementing the TFA, the importance of mainstreaming trade into national development strategies, and the potential impact of the TFA in various regions"--Publisher's description.

Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 49 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2021-03-12
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513572734

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Trade and Inclusive Growth by International Monetary Fund Pdf

This paper surveys the literature on the relationship between international trade and inclusive growth. It examines claims that the rise in inequality in many countries can be attributed to the concurrent rise in trade competition, especially from EMEs like China, spurring trade tensions and protectionist measures. The paper investigates the conflicting literature showing the aggregate benefits of trade versus the adverse and persistent impact of trade, especially import competition, on specific industries and local communities. The paper then reviews the evidence for using trade policies and other complementary policies for adjustment and compensation to those groups adversely affected by trade.

Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 43 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2018-09-30
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781498309905

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Reinvigorating Trade and Inclusive Growth by International Monetary Fund Pdf

"Trade integration can play a much larger role in boosting shared prosperity. The current focus on trade tensions threatens to obscure the great untapped benefits possible from further trade reform. The opportunities provided by information technology and other fundamental changes in the global economy are yet to be reflected in modern areas of trade policy, such as services and electronic commerce. Greater openness in these areas would promote competition, lift productivity, and raise living standards. In many other areas, such as the rural economy, smaller enterprises, and women’s economic empowerment, trade-related reforms are important particularly to foster more inclusive growth. Harnessing flexible approaches to WTO negotiations may be the key to reinvigorating global trade reform. Despite the benefits at stake—and with important exceptions such as the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement—trade reform has lagged since the early 2000s. For much of this period, governments focused their efforts in the WTO on a single negotiating approach. Now, as groups of WTO members pursue joint initiatives in several areas, attention is turning to how other negotiating approaches—including some used effectively in the past—can be leveraged so that trade once again plays its full role in driving increased global economic prosperity. Building greater, more durable openness—this paper’s focus—should be part of a broader effort to strengthen and reinvest in the global trading system. The system of global trade rules that has nurtured unprecedented economic growth across multiple generations faces tensions. Though only recently brought to the fore, those tensions are rooted in issues that have been left unresolved for too long. Governments need to promptly address outstanding questions involving, for example, the WTO dispute system and the reach of subsidy disciplines. Cooperative action to secure greater openness—an imperative in its own right—could also help to resolve these"

Author : OECD,World Trade Organization
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 424 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2015-06-30
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264235793

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Aid for Trade at a Glance 2015 Reducing Trade Costs for Inclusive, Sustainable Growth by OECD,World Trade Organization Pdf

The Aid for Trade Initiative has allowed for the active engagement of a large number of organisations and agencies in helping developing countries and especially the least developed build the infrastructure and supply-side capacity they need to connect to regional and global markets and improve ...

Author : David Olusanya Ajakaiye,T. Ademola Oyejide
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 386 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2012-03-12
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781136595752

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Trade Infrastructure and Economic Development by David Olusanya Ajakaiye,T. Ademola Oyejide Pdf

There is growing consensus in the literature that trade and trade policy matter for a pro-poor growth and development strategy. Therefore, policies that are consistent with this strategy feature increasingly in many African countries where poverty is endemic and rapid and where sustainable economic growth is viewed as the major vehicle for poverty reduction. Key elements of these polices include measures that promote the expansion and diversification of production and trade in Africa. This book is aimed at articulating appropriate structural and policy measures for eliminating the constraints that African countries face and thus ensuring that they can derive maximum benefits from all available market access opportunities. There is evidence that most African countries face external market access barriers in their major export destinations which are generally less constraining than those confronting countries in other developing country regions. Yet, they have generally not been able to take full advantage of the special (preferential) market access opportunities available to them. This suggests that improved external market access, whether reciprocal or preferential, would not, by itself, be sufficient for strengthening African export performance. In this collection, export supply response capacity takes external (beyond-the-border) factors as given and concentrates primarily on the internal (behind-the-border) factors that influence production and distribution costs and, thus, competitiveness. The central working hypothesis of this book is that the inability of domestic producers and exporters in Africa to respond quickly, effectively and efficiently to external market access opportunities is caused by various limitations of their internal supply capacity and that this, in turn, is largely responsible for the lacklustre export performance of many African countries. This comprehensive study should be of interest to students and researchers of international trade and development economics as well as African studies.

Author : Patricia Sourdin,Richard W. T. Pomfret
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 177 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2012-01-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780857937438

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Trade Facilitation by Patricia Sourdin,Richard W. T. Pomfret Pdf

'In the last decade trade costs have been a subject of intense study in the international trade literature. Richard Pomfret and Patricia Sourdin provide a timely and accessible summary of what we know so far. Their comprehensive review of what we have learned is paired here with important new research in the area of trade facilitation. This is important reading for policymakers interested in international trade and trade-related economic development.' Russell Hillberry, University of Melbourne, Australia 'Few topics are as important in international economics as trade costs. Surprisingly, there are few studies that explicitly address that issue in detail. This makes the book of great value to both professional economists and policy makers worldwide helping them to understand the different concepts of trade costs, their determinants and how to reduce them using trade facilitation measures. The book is very well written and a must read for any person that has an interest in trade costs!' Matthias Busse, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Germany This up-to-date and informative book provides a comprehensive treatment of the costs of trading across borders and of trade facilitation policies. While traditional tariff and non-tariff barriers to trade have been reduced, international trade continues to involve higher costs in money and time than domestic trade. These include not only transport costs, that are determined by distance and commodity characteristics, but also at-the-border and behind-the-border costs which can be reduced by appropriate policies. Research on trade costs has flourished since the turn of the century, and this book by Patricia Sourdin and Richard Pomfret, takes stock of our increased knowledge of the nature and magnitude of trade costs, analysing why they are high and how they can be reduced to increase the gains from trade. Trade Facilitation will appeal to economists and policymakers at the national level and in multinational institutions, researchers and postgraduate students interested in international trade and trade policy, as well as students in international business.

Author : David Greenaway
Publisher : Palgrave
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 1988
Category : Commerce
ISBN : UCSD:31822003218450

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Economic Development and International Trade by David Greenaway Pdf

Author : Ravi Ratnayake,United Nations Publications,Rajan Sudesh Ratna,Martina Francesca Ferracane,Yann Deval
Publisher : UN
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9211206766

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Impacts of Trade Facilitation Measures on Poverty and Inclusive Growth by Ravi Ratnayake,United Nations Publications,Rajan Sudesh Ratna,Martina Francesca Ferracane,Yann Deval Pdf

Trade and investment are engines of growth for the Asia and the Pacific and enabled them to significantly reduce poverty during the past two decades. However, the performance of the region would have been better if the high tariff and non-tariff barriers issues could have been addressed, with the non-tariff trade cost alone accounts for at least 90% of overall trade costs. With some of the world's most dynamic economies located in the region, there is large potential for an expansion of intraregional trade and investment in Asia and the Pacific, making the whole region more resilient to external shocks. Unfortunately, many barriers prevent intraregional movement of goods and investment, affecting in particular the opportunities for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to directly participate in international trade. Removal of those barriers and deepening regional connectivity can therefore be a strong driver of growth and poverty reduction. While sufficient literature exists with regard to establishing a direct and positive correlation between trade and poverty reduction, very little study has been done on the linkages between trade facilitation and poverty reduction. This book addresses this gap and features a compilation of specific case studies that explore the linkages between a number of trade facilitation measures and poverty reduction.

Author : Hendrik Van den Berg,Joshua J Lewer
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2015-01-30
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781317467397

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International Trade and Economic Growth by Hendrik Van den Berg,Joshua J Lewer Pdf

Unlike any other text on international trade, this groundbreaking book focuses on the dynamic long-run relationship between trade and economic growth rather than the static short-run relationship between trade and economic efficiency. The authors begin with well-known theory on international trade, and then take the student into more recent and less well-known work, all with a careful balance between empirical and theoretical perspectives. A valuable teaching tool for courses in international economics, economic growth, and economic development at both the undergraduate and graduate levels, the book uses some very modest algebra, calculus, and statistics. However, most analytical discussions are built around diagrams in order to make the text accessible to students with a variety of social science backgrounds. An Instructor's Manual is available to professors who adopt the text.

Author : World Trade Organization Staff
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 460 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2015-06-30
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9264235809

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Aid for Trade at a Glance 2015 by World Trade Organization Staff Pdf

The Aid for Trade Initiative has allowed for the active engagement of a large number of organisations and agencies in helping developing countries and especially the least developed build the infrastructure and supply-side capacity they need to connect to regional and global markets and improve their trade performance. The new development paradigm under the post-2015 Development Agenda requires an integrated approach to ensure that the aid for trade achievement leads to inclusive and sustainable development outcomes. Embedding trade cost at the centre of the Aid for Trade Initiative provides an operational focal point for such action among a broad collation of stakeholders. The 2015 joint OECD/WTO publication Aid for Trade at a Glance focusses on how reducing trade costs will help in achieving inclusive and sustainable economic growth. The publication contains contributions from the Enhanced Integrated Framework, the International Trade Centre, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, and the World Bank.

Author : OECD,World Trade Organization
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 552 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2017-07-11
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264278479

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Aid for Trade at a Glance 2017 Promoting Trade, Inclusiveness and Connectivity for Sustainable Development by OECD,World Trade Organization Pdf

This edition focuses on trade connectivity, which is critical for inclusiveness and sustainable development. Physical connectivity enables the movement of goods and services to local, regional and global markets.

Author : Marc Bacchetta,Cornelius Gregg,Stela Rubinová,Bolormaa Tumurchudur
Publisher : World Trade Organization
Page : 196 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UGA:32108058713481

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Investing in Skills for Inclusive Trade by Marc Bacchetta,Cornelius Gregg,Stela Rubinová,Bolormaa Tumurchudur Pdf

In recent decades, the global economy has experienced a profound transformation due to trade integration and technological progress as well as important political changes. This transformation has been accompanied by significant positive effects at the global level, as increased trade integration has helped to raise incomes in advanced and developing economies, lifting millions out of poverty. At the same time, it has translated into changes experienced by individuals, companies and communities. While overall, better job opportunities are on the rise, workers who are forced to leave their existing jobs may find it difficult to share in these improvements. Policies aimed at facilitating adjustment can reduce the number of those left behind by trade or technology, while at the same time raising the net gains from these developments, improving overall efficiency and boosting incomes. Given the role of skills in productivity and in trade performance as well as in access to employment and wage distribution, a strong emphasis on skills development is vital for both firms and workers. This publication argues that in the current fast-changing context of globalization, where technology and trade relations evolve rapidly, the responsiveness of skills supply to demand plays a central role not only from an efficiency perspective, but also from a distributional perspective. Featuring results from the ILO's Skills for Trade and Economic Diversification (STED) programme, this report shows that appropriate skills development policies are key to helping firms participate in trade, and also to helping workers find good jobs.

Author : Mr.Rabah Arezki,Ms.Catherine A. Pattillo,Mr.Marc Quintyn,Min Zhu
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 408 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2012-10-24
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781475545197

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Commodity Price Volatility and Inclusive Growth in Low-Income Countries by Mr.Rabah Arezki,Ms.Catherine A. Pattillo,Mr.Marc Quintyn,Min Zhu Pdf

In the years following the global financial crisis, many low-income countries experienced rapid recovery and strong economic growth. However, many are now facing enormous difficulties because of rapidly rising food and fuel prices, with the threat of millions of people being pushed into poverty around the globe. The risk of continued food price volatility is a systemic challenge, and a failure in one country has been shown to have a profound impact on entire regions. This volume addresses the challenges of commodity price volatility for low-income countries and explores some macroeconomic policy options for responding to commodity price shocks. The book then looks at inclusive growth policies to address inequality in commodity-exporting countries, particularly natural resource rich countries. Perspectives from the Middle East and North Africa, sub-Saharan Africa, emerging Asia, and Mexico are presented and, finally, the role of the international donor community is examined. This volume is a must read for policymakers everywhere, from those in advanced, donor countries to those in countries with the poorest and most vulnerable populations.

Author : Mona Haddad,Ben Shepherd
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780821386330

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Managing Openness by Mona Haddad,Ben Shepherd Pdf

The global financial crisis triggered a broad reassessment of economic integration policies in developed and developing countries worldwide. The crisis-induced collapse in trade was the sharpest ever since World War II, affecting all countries and all product categories. A huge shock to the trading system, combined with severe macroeconomic instability, makes it natural for policymakers to call into question the basic underlying assumptions of trade liberalization and openness. In particular, outward-oriented or export-led growth strategies are being reassessed as openness is increasingly associated with greater volatility. However, it is crucial not to lose sight of the dynamic benefits that openness can offer. Examples include technology transfer, increased competitive pressure that reduces markups and improves efficiency, and economies of scale. The real question is how to manage outward-oriented strategies so as to maximize the benefits of openness while minimizing risks. This book aims to contribute to this important and ongoing policy debate, bringing together recent empirical work on the trade collapse, its causes and consequences, and the broader trade policy agenda in the post-crisis environment. It addresses critical policy issues revolving around the topic of outward-oriented growth strategy, including policy instruments that help manage risks associated with outward-orientation, lessons learned from the crisis for particular countries and regions, and how emerging trade policy issues such as climate change, commodities, global production networking, and migration affect the prospects for recovery and outward-oriented growth.

Author : Richard Newfarmer,William Shaw,Peter Walkenhorst
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 290 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2009-03-12
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0821376381

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Breaking Into New Markets by Richard Newfarmer,William Shaw,Peter Walkenhorst Pdf

International trade in 2009 is projected to contract for the first time since 1982. As a result, export diversifi cation has gained new urgency as one way of using exports to recover lost growth momentum. Moreover, diversifi cation is central to reducing income volatility and sustaining high growth rates, which are especially important for countries with large populations living in poverty. In the 1950s, countries became concerned that their dependence on primary products would lead to steady falls in the purchasing power of primary exports and thus slow growth. A major policy objective of developing countries since that time has been to diversify out of primary products into manufactures. Although some nations have been at least partially successful, many low-income countries remain dependent on a narrow range of primary products. 'Breaking Into New Markets' argues for a comprehensive view of diversifi cation. It explores new thinking and evidence about export diversifi cation and elaborates on policies for its promotion. These policies span tariffs and taxes, services, and government activities to help fi rms take advantage of global opportunities. The book is a compilation of chapters written as short, policy-focused pieces. Many digest longer, more academic papers in an effort to make the information accessible to a larger policy and nontechnical audience. In that sense, the book is a policy primer on what export diversifi cation can and cannot do for growth and how to make diversifi cation happen. Intelligently designed policies that effi ciently address the obstacles to export growth are critical for overall economic growth and poverty reduction. This book offers insights useful to policy makers and practitioners as they embark on efforts to design new programs of competitiveness in their trade strategies.