Transformation Processes In Minerals

Author : Simon A. Redfern,Michael A. Carpenter
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 372 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2018-12-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781501509155

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Transformation Processes in Minerals by Simon A. Redfern,Michael A. Carpenter Pdf

Volume 39 of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry about Transformation Processes in Minerals summarises the current state of the art. The selection of transformation processes covered here is by no means comprehensive, but represents a coherent view of some of the most important processes which occur specifically in minerals. Contents: Rigid unit modes in framework structures Strain and elasticity at structural phase transitions in minerals Mesoscopic twin patterns in ferroelastic and co-elastic minerals High-pressure structural phase transitions Order-disorder phase transitions Phase transformations induced by solid solution Magnetic transitions in minerals NMR spectroscopy of phase transitions in minerals Insights into phase transformations from Mössbauer spectroscopy Hard mode spectroscopy of phase transitions Synchrotron studies of phase transformations Radiation-induced amorphization

Author : George M. Reeves,Ian Sims,J. C. Cripps
Publisher : Geological Society of London
Page : 568 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Architecture
ISBN : 186239184X

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Clay Materials Used in Construction by George M. Reeves,Ian Sims,J. C. Cripps Pdf

Concluding the trilogy on geological materials in construction, this authoritative volume reviews many uses of clays, ranging from simple fills to sophisticated products. Comprehensive and international coverage is achieved by an expert team, including geologists, engineers and architects. Packed with information prepared for a wide readership, this unique handbook is also copiously illustrated. The volume is dedicated to the memory of Professor Sir Alec Skempton. Various definitions of 'clay' are explored. Clay mineralogy is described, plus the geological formation of clay deposits and their fundamental materials properties. World and British clay deposits are reviewed and explained. New compositional data are provided for clay formations throughout the stratigraphic column. Investigative techniques and interpretation are considered, ranging from site exploration to laboratory assessment of composition and engineering performance. Major civil engineering applications are addressed, including earthworks, earthmoving and specialized roles utilizing clays. Traditional earthen building is included and shown to dominate construction in places. Clay-based construction materials are detailed, including bricks, ceramics and cements. The volume also includes a comprehensive glossary.

Author : Daniel Harlov,Hakon Austrheim
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 804 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2012-08-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642283932

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Metasomatism and the Chemical Transformation of Rock by Daniel Harlov,Hakon Austrheim Pdf

Fluid-aided mass transfer and subsequent mineral re-equilibration are the two defining features of metasomatism and must be present in order for metamorphism to occur. Coupled with igneous and tectonic processes, metasomatism has played a major role in the formation of the Earth’s continental and oceanic crust and lithospheric mantle as well as in their evolution and subsequent stabilization. Metasomatic processes can include ore mineralization, metasomatically induced alteration of oceanic lithosphere, mass transport in and alteration of subducted oceanic crust and overlying mantle wedge, which has subsequent implications regarding mass transport, fluid flow, and volatile storage in the lithospheric mantle overall, as well as both regional and localized crustal metamorphism. Metasomatic alteration of accessory minerals such as zircon or monazite can allow for the dating of metasomatic events as well as give additional information regarding the chemistry of the fluids responsible. Lastly present day movement of fluids in both the lithospheric mantle and deep to mid crust can be observed utilizing geophysical resources such as electrical resistivity and seismic data. Such observations help to further clarify the picture of actual metasomatic processes as inferred from basic petrographic, mineralogical, and geochemical data. The goal of this volume is to bring together a diverse group of geologists, each of whose specialities and long range experience regarding one or more aspects of metasomatism during geologic processes, should allow them to contribute to a series of review chapters, which outline the basis of our current understanding of how metasomatism influences and helps to control both the evolution and stability of the crust and lithospheric mantle.

Author : A. Putnis
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 486 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 1992-10-22
Category : Nature
ISBN : 0521429471

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An Introduction to Mineral Sciences by A. Putnis Pdf

The subject of mineralogy is moving away from the traditional systematic treatment of mineral groups toward the study of the behaviour of minerals in relation to geological processes. A knowledge of how minerals respond to a changing geological environment is fundamental to our understanding of many dynamic earth processes. By adopting a materials science approach, An Introduction to Mineral Sciences explains the principles underlying the modern study of minerals, discussing the behaviour of crystalline materials with changes in temperature, pressure and chemical environment. The concepts required to understand mineral behaviour are often complex, but are presented here in simple, non-mathematical terms for undergraduate mineralogy students. After introductory chapters describing the principles of diffraction, imaging and the spectroscopic methods used to study minerals, the structure and behaviour of the main groups of rock-forming minerals are covered, and the role of defects in the deformation and transformation of a mineral are explained. The energy changes and the rate of transformation processes are introduced using a descriptive approach rather than attempting a complete and rigorous treatment of the thermodynamics and kinetics. Examples and case histories from a range of mineral groups are set in an earth science context, such that the emphasis of this book is to allow the student to develop an intuitive understanding of the structural principles controlling the behaviour of minerals.

Author : D.J. Barber,P.G. Meredith
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 437 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401168274

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Deformation Processes in Minerals, Ceramics and Rocks by D.J. Barber,P.G. Meredith Pdf

This monograph has its origins in a two-day meeting with the same title held in London, England in the spring of 1987. The idea for the meeting came from members of the UK Mineral and Rock Physics Group. It was held under the auspices of, and made possible by the generous support of, the Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Additional financial assistance was provided by ECC International pIc and the Cookson Group pIc. The aims of the London meeting were to survey the current state of knowledge about deformation processes in non-metallic materials and to bring together both experts and less experienced Earth scientists and ceramicists who normally had little contact but shared common interests in deformation mechanisms. This monograph has similar aims and, indeed, most of its authors were keynote speakers at the meeting. Consequently, most of the contributions contain a review element in addition to the presentation and discussion of new results. In adopting this format, the editors hope that the monograph will provide a valuable state-of-the-art sourcebook, both to active researchers and also to graduate students just starting in the relevant fields.

Author : Rafael Rodríguez-Clemente,Yves Tardy
Publisher : Editorial CSIC - CSIC Press
Page : 916 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 1987
Category : Biogeochemistry
ISBN : 8400066839

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Geochemistry and Mineral Formation in the Earth Surface by Rafael Rodríguez-Clemente,Yves Tardy Pdf

Author : C.M. Gramaccioli
Publisher : The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland
Page : 430 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2002-01-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789634635666

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ENERGY MODELLING IN MINERALS by C.M. Gramaccioli Pdf

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Author : Jiangxin Chen,Leonardo Azevedo,Wei Li,Min Luo
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 151 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2023-11-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782832537992

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Seafloor processes: Geomorphology, sediment-ocean interaction and natural resources by Jiangxin Chen,Leonardo Azevedo,Wei Li,Min Luo Pdf

Author : Hans-Rudolf Wenk,Andrei Bulakh
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 630 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2004-04-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781107393905

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Minerals by Hans-Rudolf Wenk,Andrei Bulakh Pdf

Minerals: Their Constitution and Origin is an introduction to mineralogy for undergraduate and graduate students in the fields of geology and materials science. It has been designed for a one-semester course and covers all aspects of mineralogy in an up-to-date and integrated style. The book is divided into five parts that discuss structure and bonding within minerals; mineral physics and optical properties; modes of mineral formation and thermodynamics; mineral groups within the context of mineral-forming environments; and the application of mineralogy for the exploitation of metal deposits, gems, and cement. Identification of minerals in hand specimen and under the microscope are also covered. Throughout the text emphasis is placed on linking mineral properties with broader geological processes, and on conveying their economic value. Containing beautiful colour photographs, handy reference tables and a glossary of terms, this textbook will be an indispensable guide for the next generation of mineralogy students.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 778 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2016-06-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780081002926

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Nanosized Tubular Clay Minerals by Anonim Pdf

Nanosized Tubular Clay Minerals provides the latest coverage from leading scientists on a wide field of expertise regarding the current state of knowledge about nanosized tubular clay minerals. All chapters have been carefully edited and coordinated, and readers will find a resource that provides a clear view of the fundamental properties of clay materials and how their properties vary in chemical composition, structure, and the ways in which their modes of occurrence affect their engineering applications. Besides being a great reference, the book provides research scientists, university teachers, industrial chemists, physicists, graduate students, and environmental engineers and technologists with the ability to analyze and characterize clays and clay minerals to improve selectivity, along with techniques on how they can apply clays in ceramics in all aspects of industrial, geotechnical, agricultural, and environmental use. Examines clay properties from the molecular to the macroscopic scale Addresses experimental and modeling issues Authored by experts who are well-versed in the properties of nanosized tubular clay minerals

Author : Robert B. Heimann
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 573 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2010-04-16
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783527630189

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Classic and Advanced Ceramics by Robert B. Heimann Pdf

Based on the author's lectures to graduate students of geosciences, physics, chemistry and materials science, this didactic handbook covers basic aspects of ceramics such as composition and structure as well as such advanced topics as achieving specific functionalities by choosing the right materials. The focus lies on the thermal transformation processes of natural raw materials to arrive at traditional structural ceramics and on the general physical principles of advanced functional ceramics. The book thus provides practice-oriented information to readers in research, development and engineering on how to understand, make and improve ceramics and derived products, while also serving as a rapid reference for the practitioner. The choice of topics and style of presentation make it equally useful for chemists, materials scientists, engineers and mineralogists.

Author : Alexander E.S. Van Driessche,Matthias Kellermeier,Liane G. Benning,Denis Gebauer
Publisher : Springer
Page : 380 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2016-12-20
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319456690

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New Perspectives on Mineral Nucleation and Growth by Alexander E.S. Van Driessche,Matthias Kellermeier,Liane G. Benning,Denis Gebauer Pdf

In the last decade, numerous studies have demonstrated the existence of alternative pathways to nucleation and crystallisation that oppose the classical view. Such proposed scenarios include multistage reactions proceeding via various precursor species and/or intermediate phases. The aim of this book is to review and discuss these recent advances in our understanding of the early stages of mineralisation through a series of contributions that address both experimental and theoretical studies about the formation and nature of initial precursor species (e.g., prenucleation clusters, dense liquid phases, amorphous nanoparticles, etc.) as well as their transformations leading to the stable mineral phase. Several chapters are devoted to cutting-edge analytical techniques used for investigating the above processes in situ, in real time and at conditions relevant to both natural and industrial processes. At the end of the book, the editors summarize the key questions that still need to be addressed in order to establish a complete picture of the nucleation and growth processes involved during the formation of minerals

Author : A. Violante
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 464 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2002-06-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 0444510397

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Ecological Significance of the Interactions Among Clay Minerals, Organic Matter and Soil Biota by A. Violante Pdf

Soil MineralOrganic MatterMicroorganism Interactions and Ecosystem Health presents up-to-date information on the dynamics, transformations and bioavailability of xenobiotics in soil and their impact on ecosystem health, the ecological significance of interactions of metals and metalloids with soil colloids, enzymes and microbial biomass and the role of minerals-organic matter - soil biota interactions in the restoration of perturbed ecosystems. The title comprises two volumes: Volume A: Dynamics, Mobility and Transformation of Pollutants and Nutrients. Volume B: Ecological Significance of the Interactions mong Clay Minerals, Organic Matter and Soil Biota. This title could serve as a basic reference for students, teachers, and researchers by providing in-depth knowledge of the current state of the art in a particular area of soil science.

Author : Colin E. Dunn
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 480 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2011-08-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 0080546498

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Biogeochemistry in Mineral Exploration by Colin E. Dunn Pdf

Significant refinements of biogeochemical methods applied to mineral exploration have been made during more than twenty years since the last major publication on this technique. This innovative, practical and comprehensive text is designed as a field handbook and an office reference volume. It outlines the historical development of biogeochemical methods applied to mineral exploration, and provides details of what, how, why and when to collect samples from all major climatic environments with examples from around the world. Recent commercialization of sophisticated analytical technology permits immensely more insight into the multi-element composition of plants. In particular, precise determination of ultra-trace levels of ‘pathfinder’ elements in dry tissues and recognition of element distribution patterns with respect to concealed mineralization. Data handling and interpretation are discussed in context of a wealth of previously unpublished information, including a section on plant mineralogy, much of which has been classified as confidential until recently. Data are provided on the biogeochemistry of more than 60 elements and, by case history examples, their roles discussed in assisting in the discovery of concealed mineral deposits. A look to the future includes the potential role of bacteria to provide new focus for mineral exploration. Analyses of samples from the controlled environment of Britain’s Eden Project are presented on an accompanying CD as part of a database that includes, also, the potential role of the halogens to assist in mineral exploration. Data on this CD provide a ‘hands-on’ approach for the reader to interrogate and personally assess real datasets from the burgeoning discipline of biogeochemical exploration. * Describes the practical aspects of plant selection and collection in different environments around the world, and how to process and analyze them * Discusses more than 60 elements in plants, with data interpretation and case history results that include exploration for Au, PGEs, U, base metals and kimberlites * Contains databases as digital files on an accompanying CD for "hands-on" experimentation with real biogeochemical data

Author : Davide Oppo,Dong Feng,Samantha Joye,Jörn Peckmann,Jennifer Zwicker
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 236 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2023-10-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782832537855

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Chemical and Biogeochemical Processes at Methane and Other Cold Seeps by Davide Oppo,Dong Feng,Samantha Joye,Jörn Peckmann,Jennifer Zwicker Pdf

Methane is a strong climate-active gas, the concentration of which is rapidly increasing in the atmosphere. Vast methane reservoirs are hosted in seafloor sediments, both dissolved in pore fluids and trapped in gas hydrate. Cold seeps discharge significant amounts of this methane into the ocean. The rate of seabed methane discharge could be orders of magnitude higher than current estimates, creating considerable uncertainty. The extent of methane transfer from the seafloor to the water column and ultimately to the atmosphere is also uncertain. The seepage of methane and other hydrocarbons drives complex biogeochemical processes in marine sediments and the overlying water column. Seeps support chemosynthesis-based communities and impact the chemistry of the water column. Seeps may also play a critical role in ocean acidification and deoxygenation and can be geohazards, as well as a potential energy resource. Unraveling the complex and dynamic interactions and processes at marine seeps is crucial for our understanding of element cycling in the geo- and hydrosphere.