Transportation Infrastructure And Safety Impacts Of The North American Free Trade Agreement Nafta
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Transportation Infrastructure and Safety Impacts of the North American Free-Trade Agreement (NAFTA) by United States Congress House Committe Pdf
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Public Works and Transportation. Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight
Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Public Works and Transportation. Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight Publisher : Unknown Page : 436 pages File Size : 51,7 Mb Release : 1993 Category : Business & Economics ISBN : LOC:00019034574
Transportation Infrastructure and Safety Impacts of the North American Free-Trade Agreement (NAFTA) by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Public Works and Transportation. Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight Pdf
Commercial Trucking: Safety and Infrastructure Issues Under the North American Free Trade Agreement by DIANE Publishing Company Pdf
This report evaluates the major implementation efforts associated with opening the U.S.-Mexican border to commercial trucking. It reviews efforts to make compatible the differing trucking regulations of the U.S. & Mexico; identifies major differences in U.S. & Mexican trucking regulations & operating & enforcement practices that could adversely affect highway safety & infrastructure; & reviews federal & state governments' readiness to ensure trucks from Mexico comply with U.S. trucking regulations.
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Public Works and Transportation
Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Public Works and Transportation Publisher : Unknown Page : 424 pages File Size : 55,6 Mb Release : 1993 Category : Electronic ISBN : MINN:31951P00189460H
Environmental Impacts of a North American Free Trade Agreement by Gene M. Grossman,Alan B. Krueger Pdf
In general, a reduction in trade barriers will affect the environment by expanding the scale of economic activity, by altering the composition of economic activity and by initiating a change in the techniques of production. We present empirical evidence to assess the relative magnitudes of these three effects as they apply to further trade liberalization in Mexico. We first use comparable measures of three air pollutants in a cross-section of urban areas located in 42 countries to study the relationship between air quality and economic growth. We find for two pollutants (sulphur dioxide and 'smoke') that concentrations increase with per capita GDP at low levels of national income, but decrease with GDP growth at higher levels of income. We then study the determinants of the industry pattern of US imports from Mexico and of value added by Mexico's maquiladora sector. We investigate whether the size of pollution abatement costs in US industry influences the pattern of international trade and investment. Finally, we use the results from a computable general equilibrium model to study the likely compositional effect of a North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) on pollution in Mexico.
The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) by M. Villarreal,Ian F. Fergusson Pdf
The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) entered into force on January 1, 1994. The agreement was signed by President George H. W. Bush on December 17, 1992, and approved by Congress on November 20, 1993. The NAFTA Implementation Act was signed into law by President William J. Clinton on December 8, 1993 (P.L. 103-182). The overall economic impact of NAFTA is difficult to measure since trade and investment trends are influenced by numerous other economic variables, such as economic growth, inflation, and currency fluctuations. The agreement likely accelerated and also locked in trade liberalization that was already taking place in Mexico, but many of these changes may have taken place without an agreement. Nevertheless, NAFTA is significant, because it was the most comprehensive free trade agreement (FTA) negotiated at the time and contained several groundbreaking provisions. A legacy of the agreement is that it has served as a template or model for the new generation of FTAs that the United States later negotiated, and it also served as a template for certain provisions in multilateral trade negotiations as part of the Uruguay Round. The 115th Congress faces numerous issues related to NAFTA and international trade. President Donald J. Trump has proposed renegotiating NAFTA, or possibly withdrawing from it. Congress may wish to consider the ramifications of renegotiating or withdrawing from NAFTA and how it may affect the U.S. economy and foreign relations with Mexico and Canada. It may also wish to examine the congressional role in a possible renegotiation, as well as the negotiating positions of Canada and Mexico. Mexico has stated that, if NAFTA is reopened, it may seek to broaden negotiations to include security, counter-narcotics, and transmigration issues. Mexico has also indicated that it may choose to withdraw from the agreement if the negotiations are not favorable to the country. Congress may also wish to address issues related to the U.S. withdrawal from the proposed Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) free trade agreement among the United States, Canada, Mexico, and 9 other countries. Some observers contend that the withdrawal from TPP could damage U.S. competitiveness and economic leadership in the region, while others see the withdrawal as a way to prevent lower cost imports and potential job losses. Key provisions in TPP may also be addressed in 'modernizing' or renegotiating NAFTA, a more than two decade-old FTA. NAFTA was controversial when first proposed, mostly because it was the first FTA involving two wealthy, developed countries and a developing country. The political debate surrounding the agreement was divisive with proponents arguing that the agreement would help generate thousands of jobs and reduce income disparity in the region, while opponents warned that the agreement would cause huge job losses in the United States as companies moved production to Mexico to lower costs. In reality, NAFTA did not cause the huge job losses feared by the critics or the large economic gains predicted by supporters. The net overall effect of NAFTA on the U.S. economy appears to have been relatively modest, primarily because trade with Canada and Mexico accounts for a small percentage of U.S. GDP. However, there were worker and firm adjustment costs as the three countries adjusted to more open trade and investment. The rising number of bilateral and regional trade agreements throughout the world and the rising presence of China in Latin America could have implications for U.S. trade policy with its NAFTA partners. Some proponents of open and rules-based trade contend that maintaining NAFTA or deepening economic relations with Canada and Mexico will help promote a common trade agenda with shared values and generate economic growth. Some opponents argue that the agreement has caused worker displacement.
Both Sides of the Border by Linda Fernandez,RICHARD CARSON Pdf
This volume complements Shared Space: Rethinking the U.S.-Mexico Border Environment, edited by Lawrence Herzog and Environmental Management on North America's Borders, edited by Richard Kiy and John Wirth. This volume expands the range of issues addressed in previous volumes as well as focuses on comprehensive assessments of cooperative efforts of the U.S. and Mexico to solve environmental problems. All environmental media are addressed along the border: land, air, water, as well as sources of pollution (transportation, agriculture, energy, industrial production, urban growth, hazardous waste generation) and biodiversity resources (migratory aquatic and terrestrial forest and insect species). Academic, government, environmental management and policy audiences can benefit from the volume to address environmental policy for borders around the world because the chapters integrate natural science and social science theory, analytical methods and data into the arena of international environmental policy analysis.
Transportation Policy and Economic Regulation by John Bitzan,James H Peoples Pdf
Transportation Policy and Economic Regulation: Essays in Honor of Theodore Keeler addresses a number of today’s important transportation policy issues, exploring a variety of transportation modes, and examining the policy implications of a number of alternatives. Theodore Keeler had a distinguished career in transportation economics, helping to shape regulatory policies concerning the transportation industries and assessing the appropriateness of various policies. A distinguishing feature of his work is that it always had policy implications. As a tribute to Theodore Keeler, this book examines transportation policy issues across a variety of transportation industries, including aviation, railroads, highways, motor carrier transport, automobiles, urban transit, and ocean shipping. The book evaluates the economic impact and effectiveness of various policies, employing empirical analyses and new estimation techniques, such as Bayesian analysis. The book is designed for transportation professionals and researchers, as well as transportation economics students, providing an in-depth analysis of some of today’s important transportation policy issues. Policy changes established in the last 35-40 years have introduced profound changes in the business environment of the transportation industry. Past policy changes promoted the free market’s role in setting prices and determining service availability. While 21st century policy has focused on a variety of other issues, such as safety, road and air congestion, productivity growth, labor relations and exhaust emission, many still promote the role of competition. In addition to examining various transportation policy issues in the U.S., the book explores some approaches to dealing with transportation issues in different parts of the world. Contemporary transportation policy debates have broadened from their initial focus of primarily examining the merits of reforming economic regulations at national levels, to now examining a variety of issues such as alternative methods of social regulation (such as safety regulation and emission controls), new approaches to changing economic regulations, the potential for reforming international regulations, and the appropriate role for government in transportation. Examines transportation policy developments across a variety of modes, including some international analysis Shows how new policy changes, such as changes in regulation, affect overall transportation system performance Features chapters that use innovative methodologies, such as Bayesian techniques, qualitative analysis, and an attribute-incorporated Malmquist productivity index Examines the ways that policy impacts depend on a variety of factors, and shows how economic tools can be used to gain greater insights into the likely impacts of policy and the desirability of various policies Analyzes transport prices, quality of service, safety, the use of information technology and operating issues, highlighting how transportation enhances quality of life