Tropospheric Ozone Research

Author : 0ystein Hov
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 515 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642587290

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Tropospheric Ozone Research by 0ystein Hov Pdf

One of the principal concerns in recent years regarding the atmospheric environment has been the formation of ozone and other photo-oxidants over much of Europe in the summer. Ozone is formed in the atmosphere by a complex series of chemical reactions in the presence of sunlight from volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides. As the reactions take place in air flows determined by the detailed meteorological situation, the measurement, interpretation, understanding and modelling of the levels, fluxes and origins of the ozone are extremely difficult. The present volume reviews several of the currently important questions and presents detailed reports from investigators all over the continent. As such, it provides insight into the current scientific views about ozone in Europe.

Author : 0ystein Hov
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 528 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 1997-11-18
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 3642587305

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Tropospheric Ozone Research by 0ystein Hov Pdf

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Committee on Tropospheric Ozone
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 525 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 1992-02-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309046312

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Rethinking the Ozone Problem in Urban and Regional Air Pollution by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Committee on Tropospheric Ozone Pdf

Despite more than 20 years of regulatory efforts, concern is widespread that ozone pollution in the lower atmosphere, or troposphere, threatens the health of humans, animals, and vegetation. This book discusses how scientific information can be used to develop more effective regulations to control ozone. Rethinking the Ozone Problem in Urban and Regional Air Pollution discusses: The latest data and analysis on how tropospheric ozone is formed. How well our measurement techniques are functioning. Deficiencies in efforts to date to control the problem. Approaches to reducing ozone precursor emissions that hold the most promise. What additional research is needed. With a wealth of technical information, the book discusses atmospheric chemistry, the role of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ozone formation, monitoring and modeling the formation and transport processes, and the potential contribution of alternative fuels to solving the tropospheric ozone problem. The committee discusses criteria for designing more effective ozone control efforts. Because of its direct bearing on decisions to be made under the Clean Air Act, this book should be of great interest to environmental advocates, industry, and the regulatory community as well as scientists, faculty, and students.

Author : Supriya Tiwari,Madhoolika Agrawal
Publisher : Springer
Page : 201 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2018-03-07
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783319718736

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Tropospheric Ozone and its Impacts on Crop Plants by Supriya Tiwari,Madhoolika Agrawal Pdf

The research and its outcomes presented here focuses on tropospheric or ground level ozone, in particular due to its surfacing as a major threat to crop productivity around the world. This book presents the ozone concentration data for a variety of geographical regions, examines the factors responsible for its increasing concentrations and its potential effects on physiological and biochemical responses culminating in crop productivity losses which, in turn may pose a serious threat to global food security. Beside this, certain ameliorative measures that could be adopted to assess ozone injury in plants are also discussed. Global climate change scenarios predict a significant increase in future tropospheric ozone concentration. Particular attention is therefore given to evaluate the effect of global climate change on ozone concentrations. Readers will also discover how yield losses due to ozone are related to changes in the socio-economic conditions of the society, especially in South Asian regions. Students and researchers studying crop and soil science, environmental scientists, risk assessment professionals and policy makers will find this book of interest.

Author : S.D. Lee,G.J.R. Wolters,L.D. Grant,T. Schneider
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 1044 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 1989-01-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 0080874940

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Atmospheric Ozone Research and its Policy Implications by S.D. Lee,G.J.R. Wolters,L.D. Grant,T. Schneider Pdf

These proceedings describe the current state-of-the-art of ozone research. A wide range of topics is discussed including: emissions, transport and transformation of precursors of ozone and of ozone itself, the distribution of ozone, the deposition of ozone at the earth's surface, and its effects on man and the environment. Attention is also given to the role of stratospheric ozone and the role of the ultraviolet radiation which is transmitted through the ozone layer. Finally it describes in detail present and future policy measures to reduce the ozone in the lower atmosphere and to protect the ozone layer in the stratosphere. Many of the papers describe recent developments and new research results. Research carried out in both in Europe and in the United States is described, as are the policy measures which are being taken by both European and U.S. governments.

Author : Peter Fabian,Martin Dameris
Publisher : Springer Science & Business
Page : 137 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2014-04-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642540998

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Ozone in the Atmosphere by Peter Fabian,Martin Dameris Pdf

Peter Fabian and Martin Dameris provide a concise yet comprehensive overview of established scientific knowledge about ozone in the atmosphere. They present both ozone changes and trends in the stratosphere, as well as the effects of overabundance in the troposphere including the phenomenon of photosmog. Aspects such as photochemistry, atmospheric dynamics and global ozone distribution as well as various techniques for ozone measurement are treated. The authors outline the various causes for ozone depletion, the effects of ozone pollution and the relation to climate change. The book provides a handy reference guide for researchers active in atmospheric ozone research and a useful introduction for advanced students specializing in this field. Non-specialists interested in this field will also profit from reading the book. Peter Fabian can look back on a life-long active career in ozone research, having first gained international recognition for his measurements of the global distribution of halogenated hydrocarbons. He also pioneered photosmog investigations in the metropolitan areas of Munich, Berlin, Athens and Santiago de Chile, and his KROFEX facility provided controlled ozone fumigation of adult tree canopies for biologists to investigate the effects of ozone increases on forests. Besides having published a broad range of scientific articles, he has also been the author or editor of numerous books. From 2002 to 2005 he served the European Geosciences Union (EGU) as their first and Founding President. Martin Dameris is a prominent atmospheric modeler whose interests include the impacts of all kinds of natural and man-made disturbances on the atmospheric system. His scientific work focuses on the connections between ozone and climate changes. For many years he has been an active contributor to the WMO scientific ozone depletion assessments, which have been used to monitor the depletion and recovery of the ozone layer in accordance with the Montreal Protocol.

Author : Ivar S.A. Isaksen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 433 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400929135

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Tropospheric Ozone by Ivar S.A. Isaksen Pdf

The main objective of the workshop was to increase our knowledge of ozone formation and distribution in the troposphere, its relation to precursor (NO~ and HC species) distribution, how it is affected by transport processes in the troposphere, and to show how the increasing levels of ozone can cause environmental problem. The focus was on the interaction of ozone on regional and global scales. There is mounting evidence that such interactions occur and that the ozone levels are increasing in most of the Northern Hemisphere tropo sphere. A likely source of ozone increase is human activity. As result of this, tropospheric climate may change significantly within a few decades, either through direct effects by ozone itself or indirectly through its effect on other radiatively active trace species. Further more, ozone may have adverse effects on vegetation over large continental areas due to enhanced levels which have been measured to take place. As it is well known that ozone plays a key role in the oxidation of a large number of chemical species in the troposphere, natural as well as man-made, the atmospheric distribution of important trace species like sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons could be markedly changed as a result of ozone changes. The rapidly increasing interest in tropospheric ozone, and the key role ozone plays in several atmospheric areas as well the obvious increase in the tropospheric concentration of ozone made ozone a natural choice as a topic for the workshop.

Author : David McKee
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 350 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 1993-10-25
Category : Nature
ISBN : 087371475X

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Tropospheric Ozone by David McKee Pdf

Tropospheric ozone has long been recognized as a major environmental concern. Levels of ozone concentration have grown dramatically and the effects of ozone exposure have been examined in virtually thousands of studies worldwide. This timely new reference presents the state of the art in ozone regulation, human health effects, agricultural implications, and the economics of ozone reduction. Tropospheric Ozone guides you through the history of air pollution legislation and cites government initiatives to reduce ozone emissions. Ozone concentration data is supplied for a variety of geographic regions in examining the causes of ozone concentration and its potential effects on human populations, crops, and forests. Important issues such as crop yield, plant growth, and crop losses due to exposure are addressed, which will help develop an understanding of the economic implications of agricultural damage. New information is presented regarding risk assessment and human monitoring studies. EPA guidelines are reviewed, and potential health problems associated with ozone exposure are discussed in a practical, informative format. This valuable reference will benefit air pollution engineers, environmental consultants, government agency employees, regulators, industry professionals, health professionals, crop and soil scientists, environmental health and safety professionals, risk assessment professionals, and students in the environmental sciences.

Author : Madhoolika Agrawal,S. B. Agrawal,Anita Singh
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2021-09
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1527570576

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Tropospheric Ozone by Madhoolika Agrawal,S. B. Agrawal,Anita Singh Pdf

This book presents updated and relevant information on the tropospheric ozone problem and its effects on the wellbeing of plants and human health. The contributions here present in-depth knowledge about history, pattern, sources, environmental factors and other necessary aspects of the tropospheric ozone problem. The book provides a balanced view of current developments on the effects of the tropospheric ozone on plant and human health, crop production and ecosystem services. In addition to the effects of the tropospheric ozone on growth and physiological and biochemical traits, it also considers the molecular basis of plant responses to ozone. The book encompasses a holistic view on various interconnected issues of ozone pollution, and will appeal to scientists from all over the world.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Environmental Studies Board,Committee on Biological Effects of Increased Solar Ultraviolet Radiation,Committee on Chemistry and Physics of Ozone Depletion
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 1982-02-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309032483

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Causes and Effects of Stratospheric Ozone Reduction by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Environmental Studies Board,Committee on Biological Effects of Increased Solar Ultraviolet Radiation,Committee on Chemistry and Physics of Ozone Depletion Pdf

Author : S.B. Agrawal,Madhoolika Agrawal,Anita Singh
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Page : 653 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2021-09-20
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781527574977

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Tropospheric Ozone by S.B. Agrawal,Madhoolika Agrawal,Anita Singh Pdf

This book presents updated and relevant information on the tropospheric ozone problem and its effects on the plants and human health. The contributions here present in-depth knowledge about history, pattern, sources, environmental factors and other necessary aspects of the tropospheric ozone problem. The book provides a balanced view of current developments on the effects of the tropospheric ozone on plant and human health, crop production and ecosystem services. In addition to the effects of the tropospheric ozone on growth and physiological and biochemical traits, it also considers the molecular basis of plant responses to ozone. The book encompasses a holistic view on various interconnected issues of ozone pollution, and will appeal to scientists from all over the world.

Author : Arthur Philip Cracknell,Costas Varotsos
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 662 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2012-06-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642103346

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Remote Sensing and Atmospheric Ozone by Arthur Philip Cracknell,Costas Varotsos Pdf

The destruction of the ozone layer, together with global warming, is one of the hot environmental topics of today. This book examines the effect of human activities on atmospheric ozone, namely the increase of tropospheric ozone and the general diminution of stratospheric ozone and the production of the Antarctic ozone hole. Also discussed is the role of remote sensing techniques in the understanding of the effects of human activities on atmospheric ozone as well as in the development of social and political awareness of the damage to the ozone layer by man-made chemicals, principally CFCs. This led to the formulation and ratification in 1989 of the Montreal Protocol on controlling/banning the manufacture and use of chemicals that damage the ozone layer. Since then, remote sensing has played a key role in monitoring atmospheric ozone concentration and determining the success of the Montreal Protocol in protecting the ozone layer from further damage. In this book, the renowned authors discuss the sophisticated instruments that have been launched into space to study not only ozone but also other trace gases in the atmosphere, some of which play a key role in the generation and destruction of ozone in the atmosphere. Professors Cracknell and Varotsos also examine the satellite-flown instruments which are involved in monitoring the absorption of solar ultraviolet light in the atmosphere in relation both to the generation and destruction of ozone and consequently to human health. This scholarly book, written by the foremost experts in the field, looks at remote sensing and its employment in the various aspects of ozone science. It is widely acknowledged that global warming, due to anthropogenic greenhouse gases emissions, represents a threat to the sustainability of human life on Earth. However, many other threats are potentially just as serious, including atmospheric pollution, ozone depletion, water pollution, the degradation of agricultural land, deforestation, the depletion of the world's mineral resources and population growth.

Author : Rainer Friedrich,Stefan Reis
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 237 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642596988

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Tropospheric Ozone Abatement by Rainer Friedrich,Stefan Reis Pdf

The occurrence of high concentrations of ozone during summer episodes in the troposphere over Europe is a problem still unsolved. Although a number· of measures have been implemented that will achieve a further reduction of precursor emissions in the next years, this will not be sufficient to reduce the ozone concentration to levels below thresholds set up to protect human health and plants. Thus, further reductions of emissions of volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides are necessary. However, with regard to the increasing costs associated with increasing emission reduction, it is essential to implement abatement strategies, that are effective, i.e. achieving the environmental aim set up, and efficient, i. e. doing this with the least costs possible. In this book, the authors describe the features and the application of a methodology and a model system to identify effective and efficient strategies to reduce ambient concentrations of tropospheric ozone to comply with thresholds set up to protect human health, agricultural crops and ecosystems. Furthermore, macroeconomic impacts of such strategies are addressed and, as burden and benefits of these strategies are not equally distributed between countries, different burden sharing schemes are discussed. The content of this book is based on results of a comprehensive research project, the project INFOS (assessment of policy instruments for efficient ozone abatement strategies in Europe), funded by the European Commission (Directorate General XII) under the Fourth Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration activities.

Author : Christos Zerefos,G. Contopoulos,Gregory Skalkeas
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 460 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2009-05-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789048124695

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Twenty Years of Ozone Decline by Christos Zerefos,G. Contopoulos,Gregory Skalkeas Pdf

Homer speaks of lightning bolts after which ‘a grim reek of sulphur bursts forth’ and the air was ‘?lled with reeking brimstone’. (Homer 3000 BC). The odour was not actually the smell of sulphur dioxide associated with burning sulphur, but rather was the ?rst recorded detection of the presence of another strong odour, that of ozone (O ) in Earth’s atmosphere. These molecules were formed by the passage of 3 lightning through the air, created by splitting the abundant molecular oxygen (O ) 2 molecules into two, followed by the addition of each of the free O atoms to another O to form the triatomic product. In fact, most of the ozone molecules present 2 in the atmosphere at any time have been made by this same two-step splitti- plus-combination process, although the initiating cause usually begins with very energetic solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation rather than lightning. Many thousands of years later, the modern history of ozone began with its synthesis in the laboratory of H. F. Schonbein in 1840 (Nolte 1999), although the positive con?rmation of its three-oxygen atom chemical formula came along sometime later. Scienti?c interest in high-altitude stratospheric ozone dates back to 1881 when Hartley measured the spectrum of ozone in the laboratory and found that its ability to absorb UV light extended only to 293nm at the long wavelength end (Hartley 1881a).

Author : H. Niki,K.H. Becker
Publisher : Springer
Page : 444 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 1993-06-29
Category : Nature
ISBN : UOM:39015032545116

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The Tropospheric Chemistry of Ozone in the Polar Regions by H. Niki,K.H. Becker Pdf

Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on The Tropospheric Chemistry of Ozone in the Polar Regions held at Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada, August 23-28, 1992