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Author : Hiroko Furo
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2013-10-31
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781135727581
This book examines turn-taking in English and Japanese conversations and political news interviews to investigate the relationship between language and interaction.
Author : Hiroko Tanaka
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 242 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2000-02-15
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027299086
This book explores the interpretation of grammar and turn-taking in Japanese talk-in-interaction from the perspective of conversation analysis. It pays special attention to the projectability patterns of turns in Japanese in comparison to English. Through qualitative and quantitative methods, it is shown that the postpositional grammatical structure and the predicate-final orientation in Japanese regularly result in a relatively delayed projectability of the possible point at which a current turn may become recognisably complete in comparison to English. Prior to such points, projectability is often limited to the progressive anticipation of small increments of talk. However, participants are able to achieve smooth speaker transitions with minimal gap or overlap through the use of specific grammatical and prosodic devices for marking possible points at which a transition may become relevant.
Author : Hiroko Furo
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2013-10-31
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781135727659
This book examines turn-taking in English and Japanese conversations and political news interviews to investigate the relationship between language and interaction.
Author : Anna Wierzbicka
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 541 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2009-09-04
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783110220964
This book, which can be seen as both a research monograph and a text book, challenges the approaches to human interaction based on supposedly universal "maxims of conversation" and "principles of politeness", which fly in the face of reality as experienced by millions of people - refugees, immigrants, crosscultural families, and so on. By contrast to such approaches, which can be of no use in crosscultural communication and education, this book is both theoretical and practical: it shows that in different societies, norms of human interaction are different and reflect different cultural attitudes and values; and it offers a framework within which different cultural norms and different ways of speaking can be effectively explored, explained, and taught. The book discusses data from a wide range of languages, including English, Italian, Russian, Polish, Yiddish, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, and Walmatjari (an Australian Aboriginal language), and it shows that the meanings expressed in human interaction and the different "cultural scripts" prevailing in different speech communities can be described and compared in a way that is clear, simple, rigorous, and free of ethnocentric bias by using a "natural semantic metalanguage", based on empirically established universal human concepts. As the book shows, this metalanguage can be used as a basis for teaching successful cross-cultural communication and education, including the teaching of languages in a cultural context.
Author : Judith Holler,Kobin H. Kendrick,Marisa Casillas
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 293 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2016-05-09
Category : Conversation
ISBN : 9782889198252
The core use of language is in face-to-face conversation. This is characterized by rapid turn-taking. This turn-taking poses a number central puzzles for the psychology of language. Consider, for example, that in large corpora the gap between turns is on the order of 100 to 300 ms, but the latencies involved in language production require minimally between 600 ms (for a single word) or 1500 ms (for as simple sentence). This implies that participants in conversation are predicting the ends of the incoming turn and preparing in advance. But how is this done? What aspects of this prediction are done when? What happens when the prediction is wrong? What stops participants coming in too early? If the system is running on prediction, why is there consistently a mode of 100 to 300 ms in response time? The timing puzzle raises further puzzles: it seems that comprehension must run parallel with the preparation for production, but it has been presumed that there are strict cognitive limitations on more than one central process running at a time. How is this bottleneck overcome? Far from being 'easy' as some psychologists have suggested, conversation may be one of the most demanding cognitive tasks in our everyday lives. Further questions naturally arise: how do children learn to master this demanding task, and what is the developmental trajectory in this domain? Research shows that aspects of turn-taking, such as its timing, are remarkably stable across languages and cultures, but the word order of languages varies enormously. How then does prediction of the incoming turn work when the verb (often the informational nugget in a clause) is at the end? Conversely, how can production work fast enough in languages that have the verb at the beginning, thereby requiring early planning of the whole clause? What happens when one changes modality, as in sign languages – with the loss of channel constraints is turn-taking much freer? And what about face-to-face communication amongst hearing individuals – do gestures, gaze, and other body behaviors facilitate turn-taking? One can also ask the phylogenetic question: how did such a system evolve? There seem to be parallels (analogies) in duetting bird species, and in a variety of monkey species, but there is little evidence of anything like this among the great apes. All this constitutes a neglected set of problems at the heart of the psychology of language and of the language sciences. This Research Topic contributes to advancing our understanding of these problems by summarizing recent work from psycholinguists, developmental psychologists, students of dialog and conversation analysis, linguists, phoneticians, and comparative ethologists.
Author : Lidia Tanaka
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2004-01-01
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 902723079X
This book analyzes the relationship between gender, age and role in Japanese television interviews. It covers a wide range of topics on Japanese communication; cultural and gender variables are interwoven in the interpretation of the findings. The study shows how participants interact through language and how they project their identities in the context of the interview. Based on a qualitative analysis, speech in mixed and same gender interactions is analysed, turntaking, terms of address and aizuchi (listener's responses) are examined. The findings reveal interesting characteristics of all-female interactions, such as the influence of age that appears to be more important than gender; an observation that has repercussions in the study of gender and language differences in modern Japan. This book is an interdisciplinary study that integrates notions of politeness and theories of gender and language, and will be of interest to people researching Japanese culture and communication, gender studies and institutional language.
Author : Xiaoting Li
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing Company
Page : 265 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2014-07-17
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027270535
One major feature of conversation is that people take turns to speak. Based on audio and video recordings of naturally-occurring Mandarin conversation, this book explores the role of syntax, prosody, body movements as well as their interplay in turn organization in the temporal unfolding of action and interaction. Adopting the methodology of interactional linguistics, this book offers a fine-grained analysis of the three multimodal resources and the sequential environments in which they appear. It demonstrates that syntax, prosody and body movements not only converge but also diverge in projecting possible turn completion. As one of the few systematic studies of multimodality in Mandarin interaction, this book will be of interest to researchers in Chinese linguistics, interactional linguistics, conversation analysis, and multimodal analysis.
Author : Lidia Tanaka
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 265 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2014-11-20
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781472577610
Questions and interrogatives in Japanese discourse have attracted considerable interest from grammarians, but the communicative aspect has received little attention. This book fills this gap. Through detailed analyses of formal and informal interactions, this book demonstrates that the inherent multi-functional and polysemous aspect of language can also be observed in the use of questions. What emerges is a sense of the considerable variety of question forms and also an understanding of how questions are used to perform a wide range of social actions. The importance of context is stressed throughout the book; both in guiding the speakers' choices of question types and in helping to create the particular stance that characterizes those interactions. The data used in this book shows that speakers prefer questions that are not canonical. When speakers do use canonical questions, these are overwhelmingly accompanied by some mollifiers. This phenomenon suggests that in Japanese communication the illocutionary force of canonical questions is too strong. To soften the interaction, speakers tend to use other types of interrogative forms such as statements with rising intonation or, at least, to leave questions grammatically unfinished. The findings in this book contribute to the understanding of how Japanese speakers use questions in different communicative interactions and provide new evidence of the gap between prescriptive grammar and actual communication.
Author : Ikuko Nakane
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9027254109
How and why is silence used interculturally? Approaching the phenomenon of silence from multiple perspectives, this book shows how silence is used, perceived and at times misinterpreted in intercultural communication. Using a model of key aspects of silence in communication linguistic, cognitive and sociopsychological and fundamental levels of social organization individual, situational and sociocultural - the book explores the intricate relationship between perceptions and performance of silence in interaction involving Japanese and Australian participants. Through a combination of macro- and micro- ethnographic analyses of university seminar interactions, the stereotypes of the 'silent East' is reconsidered, and the tension between local and sociocultural perspectives of intercultural communication is addressed. The book has relevance to researchers and students in intercultural pragmatics, discourse analysis and applied linguistics.
Author : Elinor Ochs,Emanuel A. Schegloff,Sandra A. Thompson
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 494 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 1996-12-12
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 052155828X
This volume explores a rich variety of linkages between grammar and social interaction.
Author : Sigurd D'hondt,Jan-Ola Östman,Jef Verschueren
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 278 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027207814
The ten volumes of "Handbook of Pragmatics Highlights" focus on the most salient topics in the field of pragmatics, thus dividing its wide interdisciplinary spectrum in a transparent and manageable way. While the other volumes select specific philosophical, cognitive, grammatical, social, cultural, variational, or discursive angles, this fourth volume is dedicated to the empirical investigation of the way human beings organize their interaction in natural environments and how they use talk for accomplishing actions and their contexts. Starting from Goffman s observation that interaction exhibits a structure in its own right that cannot be reduced to the psychological properties of the individual nor to society, it contains a selection of articles documenting the various levels of interactional organization. In addition to treatments of basic concepts such as sequence, participation, prosody and style and some topical articles on phenomena like reported speech and listener response, it also includes overviews of specific traditions (conversation analysis, ethnomethodology) and articles on eminent authors (Goffman, Sacks) who had a formative influence on the field."
Author : Matthew Peacock,John Flowerdew
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 17 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2001-03-15
Category : Foreign Language Study
ISBN : 9780521801300
This volume of specially commissioned articles examines theory and practice in EAP.
Author : Jack Sidnell
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2009-09-17
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 1139483439
'Conversation analysis' is an approach to the study of social interaction that focuses on practices of speaking that recur across a range of contexts and settings. The early studies in this tradition were based on the analysis of English conversation. More recently, however, conversation analysts have begun to study talk in a broader range of communities around the world. Through detailed analyses of recorded conversations, this book examines differences and similarities across a wide range of languages including Finnish, Japanese, Tzeltal Mayan, Russian and Mandarin. Bringing together interrelated methodological and analytic contributions, it explores topics such as the role of gaze in question-and-answer sequences, the organization of repair, and the design of responses to assessments. The emerging comparative perspective demonstrates how the structure of talk is inflected by the local circumstances within which it operates.
Author : Daniel R. Meier
Publisher : Teachers College Press
Page : 162 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2004-03-20
Category : Education
ISBN : 0807744298
Provides guidelines for teachers on literacy development in young children.
Author : Elizabeth Couper-Kuhlen,Cecilia E. Ford
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 424 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9027229732
This collection of original papers by eminent phoneticians, linguists and sociologists offers the most recent findings on phonetic design in interactional discourse available in an edited collection. The chapters examine the organization of phonetic detail in relation to social actions in talk-in-interaction based on data drawn from diverse languages: Japanese, English, Finnish, and German, as well as from diverse speakers: children, fluent adults and adults with language loss. Because similar methodology is deployed for the investigation of similar conversational tasks in different languages, the collection paves the way towards a cross-linguistic phonology for conversation. The studies reported in the volume make it clear that language-specific constraints are at work in determining exactly which phonetic and prosodic resources are deployed for a given purpose and how they articulate with grammar in different cultures and speech communities.