U S Presence And The Incidence Of Conflict

Author : Angela O'Mahony,Miranda Priebe,Bryan Frederick,Jennifer Kavanagh,Matthew Lane,Trevor Johnston,Thomas S. Szayna,Jakub P. Hlavka,Stephen Watts,Matthew Povlock
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2018-04-18
Category : History
ISBN : 0833097970

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U.S. Presence and the Incidence of Conflict by Angela O'Mahony,Miranda Priebe,Bryan Frederick,Jennifer Kavanagh,Matthew Lane,Trevor Johnston,Thomas S. Szayna,Jakub P. Hlavka,Stephen Watts,Matthew Povlock Pdf

"There is an ongoing debate about the effects of U.S. military presence on conflict around the globe. In one view, U.S. military presence helps to deter adversaries, restrain U.S. partners from adopting provocative policies, and make it easier for the United States to achieve its aims without the use of force. In another view, U.S. military presence tends to provoke adversaries and encourage allies to adopt more reckless policies, and it increases the likelihood that the United States will be involved in combat. The authors of this report analyze historical data to assess how U.S. military presence -- in particular, U.S. troop presence and military assistance -- is associated with the interstate and intrastate conflict behavior of states and nonstate actors. Troop presence and military assistance have different effects. Stationing U.S. troops abroad may help deter interstate war. A large U.S. regional troop presence may reduce the likelihood of interstate conflict in two ways: by deterring potential U.S. adversaries from initiating interstate wars or by restraining U.S. allies from initiating militarized behavior. However, U.S. military presence may increase interstate militarized activities short of war. U.S. adversaries may be more likely to initiate militarized disputes against states with a larger U.S. in-country troop presence. U.S. troop presence does not appear to reduce the risk of intrastate conflict or affect the level of state repression. U.S. military assistance is not associated with changes in interstate conflict behavior. However, provision of U.S. military assistance may be associated with increased state repression and incidence of civil war. These findings have implications for near-term decisionmaking on U.S. forward troop presence in Europe and Asia."--Publisher's description

Author : Stephen Watts,Bryan Rooney,Gene Germanovich,Bruce McClintock,Stephanie Pezard,Clint Reach,Melissa Shostak
Publisher : Rand Corporation
Page : 296 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2022-01-20
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781977408457

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Deterrence and Escalation in Competition with Russia by Stephen Watts,Bryan Rooney,Gene Germanovich,Bruce McClintock,Stephanie Pezard,Clint Reach,Melissa Shostak Pdf

U.S. forward military posture can both deter and provoke armed conflict, and a similar logic pertains below the level of armed conflict. The authors of this report identify how forward posture could deter hostile measures in the competition space below the level of armed conflict through several mechanisms, particularly focusing on the presence of U.S. ground forces.

Author : Jo Jakobsen
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 317 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2022-02-25
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783030944889

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The Geopolitics of U.S. Overseas Troops and Withdrawal by Jo Jakobsen Pdf

Why is it so difficult for a great power or a hegemon to retrench its overseas military power? Specifically, why are U.S. military bases and troops still largely where they were five years ago, twenty years ago, or even seventy years ago? Through developing a theory of great-power persistence, this book offers an explanation. Closely aligned with neoclassical realism, the theory argues that the murkiness of the anarchic international system combines with specific psychological inclinations of individuals to produce “better-safe-than-sorry” policies. In the United States, decisions on troop deployments are powerfully influenced by the broader foreign-policy community. Its members tend to be risk-averse and highly sensitive to the possibility that even minor troop withdrawals might set off harmful geopolitical chain reactions. Preferring the status quo over any uncertain alternative, they want their country to continue to maximize its influence and project its military power abroad in order to steady wobbling geopolitical “dominoes.” The theory is put to the empirical test through a systematic analysis of U.S. overseas troop deployments, withdrawal attempts, and retrenchment resistance during the presidency of Donald Trump, which represents an ideal test case for these mechanisms. Even if U.S. voters elected a retrenchment advocate as president, and despite that the United States is a gradually declining power, the period saw very little change in U.S. overseas troop deployments. The book concludes that, barring any dramatic, unforeseeable international event, the vast network of overseas U.S. military bases and troops is likely to persist for a long time to come.

Author : David Vine
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 464 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2021-09-07
Category : History
ISBN : 9780520385689

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The United States of War by David Vine Pdf

2020 L.A. Times Book Prize Finalist, History A provocative examination of how the U.S. military has shaped our entire world, from today’s costly, endless wars to the prominence of violence in everyday American life. The United States has been fighting wars constantly since invading Afghanistan in 2001. This nonstop warfare is far less exceptional than it might seem: the United States has been at war or has invaded other countries almost every year since independence. In The United States of War, David Vine traces this pattern of bloody conflict from Columbus's 1494 arrival in Guantanamo Bay through the 250-year expansion of a global U.S. empire. Drawing on historical and firsthand anthropological research in fourteen countries and territories, The United States of War demonstrates how U.S. leaders across generations have locked the United States in a self-perpetuating system of permanent war by constructing the world’s largest-ever collection of foreign military bases—a global matrix that has made offensive interventionist wars more likely. Beyond exposing the profit-making desires, political interests, racism, and toxic masculinity underlying the country’s relationship to war and empire, The United States of War shows how the long history of U.S. military expansion shapes our daily lives, from today’s multi-trillion–dollar wars to the pervasiveness of violence and militarism in everyday U.S. life. The book concludes by confronting the catastrophic toll of American wars—which have left millions dead, wounded, and displaced—while offering proposals for how we can end the fighting.

Author : Neta C. Crawford
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 393 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2022-10-04
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780262371926

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The Pentagon, Climate Change, and War by Neta C. Crawford Pdf

How the Pentagon became the world’s largest single greenhouse gas emitter and why it’s not too late to break the link between national security and fossil fuel consumption. The military has for years (unlike many politicians) acknowledged that climate change is real, creating conditions so extreme that some military officials fear future climate wars. At the same time, the U.S. Department of Defense—military forces and DOD agencies—is the largest single energy consumer in the United States and the world’s largest institutional greenhouse gas emitter. In this eye-opening book, Neta Crawford traces the U.S. military’s growing consumption of energy and calls for a reconceptualization of foreign policy and military doctrine. Only such a rethinking, she argues, will break the link between national security and fossil fuels. The Pentagon, Climate Change, and War shows how the U.S. economy and military together have created a deep and long-term cycle of economic growth, fossil fuel use, and dependency. This cycle has shaped U.S. military doctrine and, over the past fifty years, has driven the mission to protect access to Persian Gulf oil. Crawford shows that even as the U.S. military acknowledged and adapted to human-caused climate change, it resisted reporting its own greenhouse gas emissions. Examining the idea of climate change as a “threat multiplier” in national security, she argues that the United States faces more risk from climate change than from lost access to Persian Gulf oil—or from most military conflicts. The most effective way to cut military emissions, Crawford suggests provocatively, is to rethink U.S. grand strategy, which would enable the United States to reduce the size and operations of the military.

Author : Timor Sharan
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 293 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2022-09-28
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781351665834

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Inside Afghanistan by Timor Sharan Pdf

This book maps out how political networks and centres of power, engaged in patronage, corruption, and illegality, effectively constituted the Afghan state, often with the complicity of the U.S.-led military intervention and the internationally directed statebuilding project. It argues that politics and statehood in Afghanistan, in particular in the last two decades, including the ultimate collapse of the government in August 2021, are best understood in terms of the dynamics of internal political networks, through which warlords and patronage networks came to capture and control key sectors within the state and economy, including mining, banking, and illicit drugs as well as elections and political processes. Networked politics emerged as the dominant mode of governance that further transformed and consolidated Afghanistan into a networked state, with the state institutions and structures functioning as the principal “marketplace” for political networks’ bargains and rent-seeking. The façade of state survival and fragmented political order was a performative act, and the book contends, sustained through massive international military spending and development aid, obscuring the reality of resource redistribution among key networked elites and their supporters. Overall, the book offers a way to explain what it was that the international community and the Afghan elites in power got so wrong that brought Afghanistan full circle and the Taliban back to power.

Author : Kyle J. Wolfley
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 269 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2021-06-29
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781538150658

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Military Statecraft and the Rise of Shaping in World Politics by Kyle J. Wolfley Pdf

This book explores how changes in the structure of the international system and technology incentivize major powers to adopt different types of military power—either the traditional threat and use of force or “shaping” through the non-warfighting use of military organizations—to manage threats in world politics.

Author : James A. Winnefeld
Publisher : RAND Corporation
Page : 210 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Civil War
ISBN : STANFORD:36105061716184

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Intervention in Intrastate Conflict: Without special title] by James A. Winnefeld Pdf

This report is intended to help the Army experience the future before it happens by providing insights that may be useful in performing strategic and program planning, updating doctrine, and supporting intervention operations.

Author : Steven W. Hook,Christopher M. Jones
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 481 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2012-04-23
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781135967352

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Routledge Handbook of American Foreign Policy by Steven W. Hook,Christopher M. Jones Pdf

No nation has maintained such an immense stature in world politics as the United States has since the Cold War’s end. In the wake of the 9/11 attacks, prompting the global war on terrorism and the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan and Iraq, along with American economic and "soft power" primacy, there has been increased interest in and scrutiny of American foreign policy. The Routledge Handbook of American Foreign Policy brings together leading experts in the field to examine current trends in the way scholars study the history and theories of American conduct in the world, analysis of state and non-state actors and their tools in conducting policy, and the dynamics of a variety of pressing transnational challenges facing the United States. This volume provides a systematic overview of all aspects of American foreign policy and drives the agenda for further, cutting edge research. Contributors bring analytic depth and breadth to both the ways in which this subject is approached and the substance of policy formulation and process. The Handbook is an invaluable resource to students, researchers, scholars, and journalists trying to make sense of the broader debates in international relations.

Author : Howard Whitton
Publisher : Org. for Economic Cooperation & Development
Page : 120 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UOM:39015062439727

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Managing Conflict of Interest in the Public Sector by Howard Whitton Pdf

Conflicts of interest in both the public and private sectors have become a major matter of public concern world-wide. The OECD Guidelines define a conflict of interest as occurring when a public official has private-capacity interests which could improperly influence the performance of their official duties and responsibilities. However, identifying a specific conflict of interest in practice can be difficult. And resolving the conflicting interests appropriately in a particular case is something that most people find even more challenging. The Toolkit focuses on specific techniques, resources and strategies for: Identifying, managing and preventing conflict-of-interest situations more effectively; and Increasing integrity in official decision-making, which might be compromised by a conflict of interest. This Toolkit provides non-technical, practical help to enable officials to recognise problematic situations and help them to ensure that integrity and reputation are not compromised. The tools themselves are provided in generic form. They are based on examples of sound conflict-of-interest policy and practice drawn from various OECD member and non-member countries. They have been designed for adaptation to suit countries with different legal and administrative systems. FURTHER READING: Managing Conflict of Interest in the Public Service: OECD Guidelines and Country Experiences

Author : Gerald Schneider,Katherine Barbieri,Nils Petter Gleditsch
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 390 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0742518329

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Globalization and Armed Conflict by Gerald Schneider,Katherine Barbieri,Nils Petter Gleditsch Pdf

Shows that expanding commercial ties between states pacifies some, but not necessarily all, political relationships.

Author : United States Department of the Army
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1304 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 1967
Category : Electronic
ISBN : STANFORD:36105133462825

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United States Army Human Factors Research & Development by United States Department of the Army Pdf

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 476 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 1967
Category : Human engineering
ISBN : MINN:30000010453656

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United States Army Human Factors Research & Development ... Annual Conference by Anonim Pdf

Author : Megan Bastick,Karin Grimm,Rahel Kunz
Publisher : Dcaf
Page : 214 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Crimes against humanity
ISBN : 9292220594

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Sexual Violence in Armed Conflict by Megan Bastick,Karin Grimm,Rahel Kunz Pdf

"In it's first part, the Global Overview, the report profiles documented conflict-related sexual violence in 51 countries - in Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe and the Middle East - that have experienced armed conflict over the past twenty years. The second part of the report, entitled Implications for the Security Sector, explores strategies for security and justice actors to prevent and respond to sexual violence in armed conflict and post-conflict situations"--P. 4 of cover.

Author : Drew Gilpin Faust
Publisher : Vintage
Page : 385 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2009-01-06
Category : History
ISBN : 9780375703836

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This Republic of Suffering by Drew Gilpin Faust Pdf

NATIONAL BESTSELLER • NATIONAL BOOK AWARD FINALIST • An "extraordinary ... profoundly moving" history (The New York Times Book Review) of the American Civil War that reveals the ways that death on such a scale changed not only individual lives but the life of the nation. An estiated 750,000 soldiers lost their lives in the American Civil War. An equivalent proportion of today's population would be seven and a half million. In This Republic of Suffering, Drew Gilpin Faust describes how the survivors managed on a practical level and how a deeply religious culture struggled to reconcile the unprecedented carnage with its belief in a benevolent God. Throughout, the voices of soldiers and their families, of statesmen, generals, preachers, poets, surgeons, nurses, northerners and southerners come together to give us a vivid understanding of the Civil War's most fundamental and widely shared reality. With a new introduction by the author, and a new foreword by Mike Mullen, 17th Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.