Unequal Development And Labour In Brazil

Author : Gerry Rodgers,Roberto Véras de Oliveira,Janine Rodgers
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2022-12-30
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781000828771

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Unequal Development and Labour in Brazil by Gerry Rodgers,Roberto Véras de Oliveira,Janine Rodgers Pdf

This book is about unequal development and labour in Brazil, with particular reference to the economic and social development of the Northeast region, which has suffered persistent disadvantage. It combines a historical approach, which shows how economic, social and political institutions have been restructured over time, with an analysis of changes in the pattern of production, employment, unemployment and inequality up to the present day. It draws on detailed case studies to examine the connections between local and national production systems and critical labour market outcomes such as informality in employment, precarious work and disparities between genders, races and regions. The case of the Brazilian Northeast illustrates processes, relationships and policy debates that are important not only in Brazil but also elsewhere. The book will be of interest to teachers, researchers and students in economics, sociology, labour and development; public officials and policy-makers; the international development community; and the general public interested in Latin American affairs. They will find in the book an original and systematic analysis of the factors underlying unequal development and how they respond to different policy regimes and suggestions about the issues that need to be addressed in the future.

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 308 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2010-10-21
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264088368

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Tackling Inequalities in Brazil, China, India and South Africa The Role of Labour Market and Social Policies by OECD Pdf

This book focuses on the role of growth and employment/unemployment developments in explaining recent income inequality trends in Brazil, China, India and South Africa, and discusses the roles played by labour market and social policies in both shaping and addressing these inequalities.

Author : Marcos Mendes
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2014-11-20
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780128019658

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Inequality, Democracy, and Growth in Brazil by Marcos Mendes Pdf

In terms accessible to non-economists, Marcos José Mendes describes the ways democracy and inequality produce low growth in the short and medium terms. In the longer term, he argues that Brazil has two paths in front of it. One is to create the conditions necessary to boost economic performance and drive the country toward a high level of development. The other is to fail in untying the political knot that blocks growth, leaving it a middle-income country. The source of his contrasting futures for Brazil is inequality, which he demonstrates is a relevant variable in any discussion of economic growth. Inequality illuminates causes of seemingly-unconnected problems. This book, which includes freely-accessible documents and datasets, is the first in-depth analysis of an issue that promises to become increasingly prominent. Contrasting visions of Brazil’s future described in economic terms Easy-to-understand graphs and tables illustrate analytical arguments All Excel-based data available on a freely-accessible website

Author : Anonim
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 308 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2004-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0821358804

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Inequality and Economic Development in Brazil by Anonim Pdf

What makes Brazil so unequal? This title looks at this question and shows how inequalities weaken Brazil's economic development and what are the best policy options to reduce this inequity.

Author : Alexandre de Freitas Barbosa,Maria Cristina Cacciamali,Gerry Rodgers
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 377 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2017-11-08
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781108416191

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Growth and Inequality by Alexandre de Freitas Barbosa,Maria Cristina Cacciamali,Gerry Rodgers Pdf

Examines inequality in overall distributions of income and expenditure, and disparities across gender, region, caste, race, and access to education.

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 308 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2010-11-15
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9264088350

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Tackling Inequalities in Brazil, China, India and South Africa The Role of Labour Market and Social Policies by OECD Pdf

This book focuses on the role of growth and employment/unemployment developments in explaining recent income inequality trends in Brazil, China, India and South Africa, and discusses the roles played by labour market and social policies in both shaping and addressing these inequalities.

Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2021-03-05
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513571645

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The Short-Term Impact of COVID-19 on Labor Markets, Poverty and Inequality in Brazil by International Monetary Fund Pdf

We document the short-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Brazilian labor market focusing on employment, wages and hours worked using the nationally representative household surveys PNAD-Continua and PNAD COVID. Sectors most susceptible to the shock because they are more contact-intensive and less teleworkable, such as construction, domestic services and hospitality, suffered large job losses and reductions in hours. Given low income workers experienced the largest decline in earnings, extreme poverty and the Gini coefficient based on labor income increased by around 9.2 and 5 percentage points, respectively, due to the immediate shock. The government’s broad based, temporary Emergency Aid transfer program more than offset the labor income losses for the bottom four deciles, however, such that poverty relative to the pre-COVID baseline fell. At a cost of around 4 percent of GDP in 2020 such support is not fiscally sustainable beyond the short-term and ended in late 2020. The challenge will be to avoid a sharp increase in poverty and inequality if the labor market does not pick up sufficiently fast in 2021.

Author : Carlos Góes,Ms.Izabela Karpowicz
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 34 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2017-10-31
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484324776

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Inequality in Brazil: A Regional Perspective by Carlos Góes,Ms.Izabela Karpowicz Pdf

In this study, we document the decline in income inequality and a convergence in consumption patterns in Brazilian states in a new database constructed from micro data from the national households’ survey. We adjust the state-Gini coefficients for spatial price differences using information on households’ rental prices available in the survey. In a panel regression framework, we find that labor income growth, formalization, and schooling contributed to the decline in inequality during 2004-14, but redistributive policies, such as Bolsa Família, have also played a positive role. Going forward, it will be important to phase out untargeted subsidies, such as public spending on tertiary education, and contain growth of public sector wages, to improve budgetary efficiency and protect gains in equality.

Author : Jan Nederveen Pieterse,Adalberto Cardoso
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 225 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2014-05-16
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781135044008

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Brazil Emerging by Jan Nederveen Pieterse,Adalberto Cardoso Pdf

This volume is a critical inquiry into the social project and socioeconomic realities of emerging Brazil, a country that faces profound changes. A team of acknowledged specialists on Brazil’s complex configuration addresses state policies, social dynamics and economic constraints and opportunities for emancipation. Chapters adopt long-run perspectives on the development of the Brazilian welfare state, limits and opportunities for emancipation in the labor market, the scope and depth of social policies such as "Bolsa Família" and Rio’s Peacemaking Police Units (UPP), social movements - in particular, the Movement of the Landless (MST) - cultural policies at the federal level, the role of media in the country’s democratization project, and how two important commodities (sugar and oil) shape the identities of blacks and whites in Bahia. This book is essential reading for all those interested in understanding what kind of Brazil has acquired a prominent global position and what hurdles it faces to consolidate its position as a global player.

Author : Estanislao Gacit©ða-Mari©?,Michael J. V. Woolcock
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 162 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780821372203

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Social Exclusion and Mobility in Brazil by Estanislao Gacit©ða-Mari©?,Michael J. V. Woolcock Pdf

Brazil is a country of sharp disparities. The gap between the richest and the poorest citizens is one of the largest in the world. Inequality in Brazil is well-known, but its low mobility is not. Until now, few studies have sought to investigate how forms of social exclusion constrain socioeconomic mobility. Why do particular groups remain excluded and trapped in poverty for generations? What do Brazilians themselves think about income inequality and social mobility? This study explores these issues, provides a set of options to redress them, and promotes a national dialogue for action. In addi.

Author : Jorge Alvarez,Felipe Benguria,Niklas Engbom,Christian Moser
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 59 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2017-12-14
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484333037

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Firms and the Decline in Earnings Inequality in Brazil by Jorge Alvarez,Felipe Benguria,Niklas Engbom,Christian Moser Pdf

We document a large decrease in earnings inequality in Brazil between 1996 and 2012. Using administrative linked employer-employee data, we fit high-dimensional worker and firm fixed effects models to understand the sources of this decrease. Firm effects account for 40 percent of the total decrease and worker effects for 29 percent. Changes in observable worker and firm characteristics contributed little to these trends. Instead, the decrease is primarily due to a compression of returns to these characteristics, particularly a declining firm productivity pay premium. Our results shed light on potential drivers of earnings inequality dynamics.

Author : Charles H. Wood,Jose Alberto Magno Carvalho
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2009-03-12
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0521102464

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The Demography of Inequality in Brazil by Charles H. Wood,Jose Alberto Magno Carvalho Pdf

This book examines how transformations in Brazil's social, economic and political organization affect the demographic behaviour of people who live in different parts of the country and who occupy different positions in the social system. The authors review the history of unequal development and document the concentration of income and land ownership. Using data from the 1970 and 1980 censuses, they show how the Brazilian style of economic growth unequally affected different population subgroups. Mortality estimates for white and non-white people measure the consequences of racial inequality on the life chances of children. Other chapters investigate rural out-migration, the impact of Amazon colonization schemes on rural poverty, and the implications of differential rates of population growth among rich and poor households for future patterns of inequality and underemployment. The overall perspective places the concept of inequality at the centre of the study of demographic and structural change.

Author : Miguel Carter
Publisher : Duke University Press
Page : 544 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2015-04-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9780822395065

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Challenging Social Inequality by Miguel Carter Pdf

In Challenging Social Inequality, an international and interdisciplinary group of scholars and development workers explores the causes, consequences, and contemporary reactions to Brazil's sharply unequal agrarian structure. They focus on the Landless Rural Workers Movement (MST)—Latin America's largest and most prominent social movement—and its ongoing efforts to confront historic patterns of inequality in the Brazilian countryside. Several essays provide essential historical background for understanding the MST. They examine Brazil's agrarian structure, state policies, and the formation of rural civil-society organizations. Other essays build on a frequently made distinction between the struggle for land and the struggle on the land. The first refers to the mobilization undertaken by landless peasants to demand government land redistribution. The struggle on the land takes place after the establishment of an official agricultural settlement. The main efforts during this phase are geared toward developing productive and meaningful rural communities. The last essays in the collection are wide-ranging analyses of the MST, which delve into the movement's relations with recent governments and its impact on other Brazilian social movements. In the conclusion, Miguel Carter appraises the future of agrarian reform in Brazil. Contributors. José Batista Gonçalves Afonso, Sonia Maria P..P. Bergamasco, Sue Branford, Elena Calvo-González, Miguel Carter, Horacio Martins de Carvalho, Guilherme Costa Delgado, Bernardo Mançano Fernandes, Leonilde Sérvolo de Medeiros, George Mészáros, Luiz Antonio Norder, Gabriel Ondetti, Ivo Poletto, Marcelo Carvalho Rosa, Lygia Maria Sigaud, Emmanuel Wambergue, Wendy Wolford

Author : S. Cohn
Publisher : Springer
Page : 235 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2012-07-24
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781137001412

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Employment and Development under Globalization by S. Cohn Pdf

Cohn lays out a new strategy of how states can produce economic development in poor nations – by considering barber shops, beauty parlours, hotels and restaurants in Brazil. Cohn considers the case of nations with budgetary limits that cannot afford to follow the East Asian model, and finds alternative policies that create jobs and reduce poverty.

Author : Sylvia A. Hewlett
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 1980
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : STANFORD:36105001894414

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Cruel Dilemmas Of Developmnt by Sylvia A. Hewlett Pdf