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Varieties of Lattices by Peter Jipsen,Henry Rose Pdf
The study of lattice varieties is a field that has experienced rapid growth in the last 30 years, but many of the interesting and deep results discovered in that period have so far only appeared in research papers. The aim of this monograph is to present the main results about modular and nonmodular varieties, equational bases and the amalgamation property in a uniform way. The first chapter covers preliminaries that make the material accessible to anyone who has had an introductory course in universal algebra. Each subsequent chapter begins with a short historical introduction which sites the original references and then presents the results with complete proofs (in nearly all cases). Numerous diagrams illustrate the beauty of lattice theory and aid in the visualization of many proofs. An extensive index and bibliography also make the monograph a useful reference work.
Ralph S. Freese,Ralph N. McKenzie,George F. McNulty,Walter F. Taylor
Author : Ralph S. Freese,Ralph N. McKenzie,George F. McNulty,Walter F. Taylor Publisher : American Mathematical Society Page : 496 pages File Size : 51,5 Mb Release : 2022-10-28 Category : Mathematics ISBN : 9781470467975
Algebras, Lattices, Varieties by Ralph S. Freese,Ralph N. McKenzie,George F. McNulty,Walter F. Taylor Pdf
This book is the second of a three-volume set of books on the theory of algebras, a study that provides a consistent framework for understanding algebraic systems, including groups, rings, modules, semigroups and lattices. Volume I, first published in the 1980s, built the foundations of the theory and is considered to be a classic in this field. The long-awaited volumes II and III are now available. Taken together, the three volumes provide a comprehensive picture of the state of art in general algebra today, and serve as a valuable resource for anyone working in the general theory of algebraic systems or in related fields. The two new volumes are arranged around six themes first introduced in Volume I. Volume II covers the Classification of Varieties, Equational Logic, and Rudiments of Model Theory, and Volume III covers Finite Algebras and their Clones, Abstract Clone Theory, and the Commutator. These topics are presented in six chapters with independent expositions, but are linked by themes and motifs that run through all three volumes.
Ralph N. McKenzie,George F. McNulty,Walter F. Taylor
Author : Ralph N. McKenzie,George F. McNulty,Walter F. Taylor Publisher : American Mathematical Society Page : 386 pages File Size : 47,7 Mb Release : 2018-07-09 Category : Mathematics ISBN : 9781470442958
Algebras, Lattices, Varieties by Ralph N. McKenzie,George F. McNulty,Walter F. Taylor Pdf
This book presents the foundations of a general theory of algebras. Often called “universal algebra”, this theory provides a common framework for all algebraic systems, including groups, rings, modules, fields, and lattices. Each chapter is replete with useful illustrations and exercises that solidify the reader's understanding. The book begins by developing the main concepts and working tools of algebras and lattices, and continues with examples of classical algebraic systems like groups, semigroups, monoids, and categories. The essence of the book lies in Chapter 4, which provides not only basic concepts and results of general algebra, but also the perspectives and intuitions shared by practitioners of the field. The book finishes with a study of possible uniqueness of factorizations of an algebra into a direct product of directly indecomposable algebras. There is enough material in this text for a two semester course sequence, but a one semester course could also focus primarily on Chapter 4, with additional topics selected from throughout the text.
The Lattice of Interpretability Types of Varieties by Octavio Carlos García,Walter Taylor,W. Taylor Pdf
We investigate the lattice, invented by W. D. Neumann in 1974, formed by the class of all varieties under the quasi-ordering "[script]V is interpretable in [script]W." The lattice is found to be non-modular and a proper class. Various familiar varieties are found to be [logical conjunction symbol {up arrow}]-irreducible (or prime) and various filters (especially Mal'tsev classes) are found to be indecomposable (or prime). Many familiar varieties are found to be inequivalent in the lattice, using a new technique of SIN algebras. Seven figures are included which document the known relationships between some sixty known or easily describable varieties and varietal families.
Residuated Lattices: An Algebraic Glimpse at Substructural Logics by Nikolaos Galatos,Peter Jipsen,Tomasz Kowalski,Hiroakira Ono Pdf
The book is meant to serve two purposes. The first and more obvious one is to present state of the art results in algebraic research into residuated structures related to substructural logics. The second, less obvious but equally important, is to provide a reasonably gentle introduction to algebraic logic. At the beginning, the second objective is predominant. Thus, in the first few chapters the reader will find a primer of universal algebra for logicians, a crash course in nonclassical logics for algebraists, an introduction to residuated structures, an outline of Gentzen-style calculi as well as some titbits of proof theory - the celebrated Hauptsatz, or cut elimination theorem, among them. These lead naturally to a discussion of interconnections between logic and algebra, where we try to demonstrate how they form two sides of the same coin. We envisage that the initial chapters could be used as a textbook for a graduate course, perhaps entitled Algebra and Substructural Logics. As the book progresses the first objective gains predominance over the second. Although the precise point of equilibrium would be difficult to specify, it is safe to say that we enter the technical part with the discussion of various completions of residuated structures. These include Dedekind-McNeille completions and canonical extensions. Completions are used later in investigating several finiteness properties such as the finite model property, generation of varieties by their finite members, and finite embeddability. The algebraic analysis of cut elimination that follows, also takes recourse to completions. Decidability of logics, equational and quasi-equational theories comes next, where we show how proof theoretical methods like cut elimination are preferable for small logics/theories, but semantic tools like Rabin's theorem work better for big ones. Then we turn to Glivenko's theorem, which says that a formula is an intuitionistic tautology if and only if its double negation is a classical one. We generalise it to the substructural setting, identifying for each substructural logic its Glivenko equivalence class with smallest and largest element. This is also where we begin investigating lattices of logics and varieties, rather than particular examples. We continue in this vein by presenting a number of results concerning minimal varieties/maximal logics. A typical theorem there says that for some given well-known variety its subvariety lattice has precisely such-and-such number of minimal members (where values for such-and-such include, but are not limited to, continuum, countably many and two). In the last two chapters we focus on the lattice of varieties corresponding to logics without contraction. In one we prove a negative result: that there are no nontrivial splittings in that variety. In the other, we prove a positive one: that semisimple varieties coincide with discriminator ones. Within the second, more technical part of the book another transition process may be traced. Namely, we begin with logically inclined technicalities and end with algebraically inclined ones. Here, perhaps, algebraic rendering of Glivenko theorems marks the equilibrium point, at least in the sense that finiteness properties, decidability and Glivenko theorems are of clear interest to logicians, whereas semisimplicity and discriminator varieties are universal algebra par exellence. It is for the reader to judge whether we succeeded in weaving these threads into a seamless fabric.
This indispensable reference source contains a wealth of information on lattice theory. The book presents a survey of virtually everything published in the fields of partially ordered sets, semilattices, lattices, and Boolean algebras that was reviewed in Referativnyi Zhurnal Matematika from mid-1982 to the end of 1985. A continuation of a previous volume (the English translation of which was published by the AMS in 1989, as volume 141 in Translations - Series 2), this comprehensive work contains more than 2200 references. Many of the papers covered here were originally published in virtually inaccessible places. The compilation of the volume was directed by Milan Kolibiar of Comenius University at Bratislava and Lev A. Skornyakov of Moscow University. Of interest to mathematicians, as well as to philosophers and computer scientists in certain areas, this unique compendium is a must for any mathematical library.
Semigroups and Their Subsemigroup Lattices by L.N. Shevrin,A.J. Ovsyannikov Pdf
0.1. General remarks. For any algebraic system A, the set SubA of all subsystems of A partially ordered by inclusion forms a lattice. This is the subsystem lattice of A. (In certain cases, such as that of semigroups, in order to have the right always to say that SubA is a lattice, we have to treat the empty set as a subsystem.) The study of various inter-relationships between systems and their subsystem lattices is a rather large field of investigation developed over many years. This trend was formed first in group theory; basic relevant information up to the early seventies is contained in the book [Suz] and the surveys [K Pek St], [Sad 2], [Ar Sad], there is also a quite recent book [Schm 2]. As another inspiring source, one should point out a branch of mathematics to which the book [Baer] was devoted. One of the key objects of examination in this branch is the subspace lattice of a vector space over a skew field. A more general approach deals with modules and their submodule lattices. Examining subsystem lattices for the case of modules as well as for rings and algebras (both associative and non-associative, in particular, Lie algebras) began more than thirty years ago; there are results on this subject also for lattices, Boolean algebras and some other types of algebraic systems, both concrete and general. A lot of works including several surveys have been published here.
A Primer of Subquasivariety Lattices by Kira Adaricheva,Jennifer Hyndman,J. B. Nation,Joy N. Nishida Pdf
This book addresses Birkhoff and Mal'cev's problem of describing subquasivariety lattices. The text begins by developing the basics of atomic theories and implicational theories in languages that may, or may not, contain equality. Subquasivariety lattices are represented as lattices of closed algebraic subsets of a lattice with operators, which yields new restrictions on the equaclosure operator. As an application of this new approach, it is shown that completely distributive lattices with a dually compact least element are subquasivariety lattices. The book contains many examples to illustrate these principles, as well as open problems. Ultimately this new approach gives readers a set of tools to investigate classes of lattices that can be represented as subquasivariety lattices.
The Shape of Congruence Lattices by Keith Kearnes,Emil W. Kiss Pdf
This monograph is concerned with the relationships between Maltsev conditions, commutator theories and the shapes of congruence lattices in varieties of algebras. The authors develop the theories of the strong commutator, the rectangular commutator, the strong rectangular commutator, as well as a solvability theory for the nonmodular TC commutator. They prove that a residually small variety that satisfies a congruence identity is congruence modular.
This book started with Lattice Theory, First Concepts, in 1971. Then came General Lattice Theory, First Edition, in 1978, and the Second Edition twenty years later. Since the publication of the first edition in 1978, General Lattice Theory has become the authoritative introduction to lattice theory for graduate students and the standard reference for researchers. The First Edition set out to introduce and survey lattice theory. Some 12,000 papers have been published in the field since then; so Lattice Theory: Foundation focuses on introducing the field, laying the foundation for special topics and applications. Lattice Theory: Foundation, based on the previous three books, covers the fundamental concepts and results. The main topics are distributivity, congruences, constructions, modularity and semimodularity, varieties, and free products. The chapter on constructions is new, all the other chapters are revised and expanded versions from the earlier volumes. Almost 40 “diamond sections’’, many written by leading specialists in these fields, provide a brief glimpse into special topics beyond the basics. “Lattice theory has come a long way... For those who appreciate lattice theory, or who are curious about its techniques and intriguing internal problems, Professor Grätzer's lucid new book provides a most valuable guide to many recent developments. Even a cursory reading should provide those few who may still believe that lattice theory is superficial or naive, with convincing evidence of its technical depth and sophistication.” Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society “Grätzer’s book General Lattice Theory has become the lattice theorist’s bible.” Mathematical Reviews
