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Author : Lant Pritchett,Deon Filmer
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 54 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Educacion
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
Author : Deon Filmer
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Electronic books
ISBN : OCLC:847831916
July 1997 The misallocation of public sector educational spending across inputs that leads to underspending on productive inputs like books, instructional materials, and facilities is due to political forces- thus requires political solutions. The accumulated results of empirical studies show that the public sector typically chooses spending on inputs such that the productivity of additional spending on books and instructional materials is 10 to 100 times larger than that of additional spending on teacher inputs (for example, higher wages, smaller class size). Pritchett and Filmer argue that this pervasive and systemic deviation of actual spending from the technical optimum requires a political, not economic or technical, explanation. The evidence is consistent only with a class of positive models in which public spending choices are directly influenced by a desire for higher spending on teacher inputs, over and above their role in producing educational outputs. This desire could be due either to teacher power, or bureaucratic budget-maximizing behavior, or political patronage. Pritchett and Filmer conclude by exploring the implications of these positive political models of educational spending behavior for various types of proposed educational reforms (localized control, parental participation, vouchers, and so on) which requires an examination of how the proposed reforms shift the relative powers of the stakeholders in the educational system: students and parents, educators, bureaucrats, and politicians. This paper-a product of the Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the department to understand and improve the efficacy of social service provision. The study was funded in part by the Research Support Budget under the research project Rationale for Education Reform (RPO 681-12). Deon Filmer may be contacted at [email protected].
Author : Lant Pritchett
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 49 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1290709818
The misallocation of public sector educational spending across inputs that leads to underspending on productive inputs like books, instructional materials, and facilities is due to political forces- thus requires political solutions.The accumulated results of empirical studies show that the public sector typically chooses spending on inputs such that the productivity of additional spending on books and instructional materials is 10 to 100 times larger than that of additional spending on teacher inputs (for example, higher wages, smaller class size). Pritchett and Filmer argue that this pervasive and systemic deviation of actual spending from the technical optimum requires a political, not economic or technical, explanation. The evidence is consistent only with a class of positive models in which public spending choices are directly influenced by a desire for higher spending on teacher inputs, over and above their role in producing educational outputs. This desire could be due either to teacher power, or bureaucratic budget-maximizing behavior, or political patronage. Pritchett and Filmer conclude by exploring the implications of these positive political models of educational spending behavior for various types of proposed educational reforms (localized control, parental participation, vouchers, and so on) which requires an examination of how the proposed reforms shift the relative powers of the stakeholders in the educational system: students and parents, educators, bureaucrats, and politicians.This paper-a product of the Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the department to understand and improve the efficacy of social service provision. The study was funded in part by the Research Support Budget under the research project Rationale for Education Reform (RPO 681-12). Deon Filmer may be contacted at [email protected].
Author : Ian Macpherson,Susan Robertson,Geoffrey Walford
Publisher : Symposium Books Ltd
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2014-05-12
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781873927373
The involvement of private actors in education is not new yet in the last decade critical issues have arisen that demand close scrutiny. This volume explores emerging forms of the private through case studies from Africa, South Asia and South East Asia and makes three related observations. First, what is new about these manifestations is their scale, scope and penetration into almost all aspects of the education endeavour – from the administrative apparatus to policymaking, and from formal provision in education settings to out-of-school activities, such as private tutoring. Second, what is particularly controversial about these developments is how education itself is being recast; as a sector it is increasingly being opened up to profit-making and trade, and to agenda-setting by private, commercial interests. Third, the learner is increasingly conceptualised as a consumer, and education a consumer good. The case studies therefore enable us to see more clearly how different forms of the private in education alter what is at stake, for whom, and with what outcomes, and the consequences for individuals and societies. In turn, these raise the very important question about what they mean for our conceptualisations of education, learning and teaching, on the one hand, and for education as a site and means for emancipation, on the other. These are profound social justice concerns, and ones that make this volume distinctive. This book sets out to address these hard, but urgent, questions and will be of interest to academics and students of education, education researchers, government personnel and policymakers.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 267 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2015-01-01
Category : Education
ISBN : 9789463000253
The concept of universal education is, however, not well defined and is used to mean many different things to different people. This book contains a five-year research work conducted by a group of African and Japanese researchers who have developed an equal partnership and network to review the expansion of primary education, some policies prompting the free primary education intervention, and the challenges of implementation based on the case study of two districts in four countries, namely, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, and Uganda.
Author : Lawrence J. Lau,Dean T. Jamison,Frederic F. Louat
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 38 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 1991
Category : Economic development
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
Education is an important determinant of aggregate real output and productivity, but its effect varies considerably across countries and regions- ranging from negative to more than 5 percent a year in this sample.
Author : Cees Glas,Jaap Scheerens,Sally M. Thomas
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 461 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2006-01-16
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781135302078
This book looks at the foundations of school self-evaluation from a scientific as from a practical perspective. Planning concepts, restructuring of education systems, organizational theory on schools, evaluation methodology and models of school effectiveness and school improvement are discussed as contributing to the overall conceptualization of school self-evaluation. A broad range of approaches is presented and methodological requirements are discussed. School self-evaluation contains controversial issues that reflect tension between the need for objectivity in a context that is permeated by values and potential conflicts of interests. Similar tensions may be seen to exist with respect to the static and "reductionist" aspects of available data collection procedures in a complex and dynamic situation and the appeal for external accountability on the one hand and improvement oriented self-refection on the other. The mission of the book is to clarify these tensions and offer ways to deal with them in practical applications. The school effectiveness knowledge base is offered as a substantive educational frame of references that serves an important function in selecting relevant factors for data collection and the use of the evaluation results.
Author : Gaëtane Jean-Marie,Steve Sider,Charlene Desir
Publisher : IAP
Page : 349 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2015-07-01
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781681232089
Democratizing educational access and building capacity in developing countries and amongst indigenous peoples in developed countries may be elusive but are hopeful goals. Many developing countries are striving to reengineer their incoherent education systems at a time when they are most vulnerable, particularly with susceptibility to natural disasters, political unrests, and economic instabilities (UNESCO, 2007). Similarly, indigenous peoples in developed countries are seeking more control over education as they consider the long?term effects of educational policies that have been forced on them. Research on education and social change in developing countries has a long history (Glewwe, 2002; Hanushek, 1995; Sider, 2011). However, there is limited research on educational capacity?building in developing countries such as Kenya, Honduras, Haiti, Ghana, Hong Kong, India, Peru, China, and Thailand. Further, the educational frameworks by which Indigenous peoples (M?ori, Canada’s First Nations, and American Indian/Alaska Natives) have been educated have some significant similarities to those encountered in developing countries. The compilation of chapters illuminates research and collaborative initiatives between the authors and local leaders in developing countries’ and Indigenous peoples in developed countries’ efforts to solve the complexity of social inequities through educational access and quality learning. The authors draw on theoretical lens, knowledge bases, and strategies, and identify trends and developments to provide the scope of educational improvement in a globalization context (Brooks & Normore, 2010; Jean?Marie, Normore & Brooks, 2009).
Author : Vijay Reddy
Publisher : HSRC Press
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Education
ISBN : 0796921164
The past ten years in South Africa has seen many changes in education - the creation of a single department of education; common examinations for all learners in public schools in the country, a new outcomes based education curriculum which was introduced to learners in the general education and training phase since 1998 and will be introduced to the further education and training phase from 2006. To evaluate the success of these changes South African researchers still use the indicator of student achievement. The matriculation examination is the visible, high profile and public performance indicator. Every year parents, learners, teachers, researchers, government officials, policymakers, and the general public get involved in the debate around the matric examination with the most frequently asked questions being - Did the pass rate go up? Are standards dropping? Are the results real or have they been manipulated? How is our education system doing? Are we meeting the development goals? What should the matriculation examination of the future look like? participants from government (national and provincial),
Author : Anonim
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780821383971
For the goals of Education for All (EFA) to be achieved, children must be healthy enough not only to attend school but also to learn while there. Because school health and nutrition programs specifically benefit poor, sick, and hungry children, they can make a key contribution to achieving EFA's goals. However, children can benefit only if the programs reach them. Rethinking School Health: A Key Component of Education for All describes how schools have been used as a platform for delivering familiar, safe, and simple health and nutrition interventions to hard-to-reach children in low-income countries. The book's foreword was written jointly by Elizabeth King of the World Bank, Susan Durston of the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), and Qian Tang of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), indicating the interagency support for this approach. The book will be of particular interest to those working in the fields of education, health and nutrition, and early childhood development. --Book Jacket.
Author : Gunnar S. Eskeland,Deon Filmer
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 38 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Educational change
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
School autonomy and parental participation both influence learning. Autonomy raises the rent available at the school and participation determines whether student learning will benefit from that rent. It is therefore important who is empowered through decentralization.
Author : Emiliana Vegas,Jenny Petrow
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 262 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2007-09-26
Category : Education
ISBN : 0821370839
Understanding what and how students learn has emerged as a salient issue in Latin America, a region where the majority of children now have access to schools but few students learn the skills they need to succeed. 'Raising Student Learning in Latin America' examines recent advances in our understanding of the policies and programs that affect student learning and provides policy makers with effective options. This volume relies on indicators from national and international assessments of subject matter knowledge plus intermediate learning indicators, such as dropout and completion rates. The first part focuses on the central role of student learning in education. The second part reviews the evidence on factors and policies that affect student learning. The final part addresses policy optons on education quality assurance.
Author : Henk F. Moed,Wolfgang Glänzel,Ulrich Schmoch
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 791 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2006-02-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781402027550
This handbook offers a state-of-the-art overview of quantitative science and technology research. It focuses on the development and application of indicators derived from data on scientific or scholarly publications and patents. It comprises 34 chapters written by leading specialists in the various sub-domains. These chapters deal with theoretical and methodological issues, illustrate applications, and highlight their policy context and relevance. Authors present a survey of the research topics they address, and show their most recent achievements. The 34 chapters are arranged into 5 parts: Disciplinary Approaches; General Methodology; The Science System; The Technology System; and The Science–Technology Interface. The Editor’s Introduction provides a further specification of the handbook’s scope and of the main topics addressed in its chapters. This handbook aims at four distinct groups of readers: – practitioners in the field of science and technology studies; – research students in this field; – scientists, scholars and technicians who are interested in a systematic, thorough analysis of their activities; – policy makers and administrators who wish to be informed about the potentialities and limitations of the various approaches and about their results.
Author : Francois Bourguignon
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 21 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
Measuring the incidence of public spending in education requires an intergenerational framework distinguishing between what current and future generations - that is, parents and children - give and receive. In standard distributional incidence analysis, households are assumed to receive a benefit equal to what is spent on their children enrolled in the public schooling system and, implicitly, to pay a fee proportional to their income. This paper shows that, in an intergenerational framework, this is equivalent to assuming perfectly altruistic individuals, in the sense of the dynastic model, and perfect capital markets. But in practice, credit markets are imperfect and poor households cannot borrow against the future income of their children. The authors show that under such circumstances, standard distributional incidence analysis may greatly over-estimate the progressivity of public spending in education: educational improvements that are progressive in the long-run steady state may actually be regressive for the current generation of poor adults. This is especially true where service delivery in education is highly inefficient - as it is in poor districts of many developing countries - so that the educational benefits received are relatively low in comparison with the cost of public spending. The results have implications for both policy measures and analytical approaches.
Author : Bob Moon
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 290 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Education
ISBN : 9780415600712
In developing countries across the world, qualified teachers are a rarity, with thousands of untrained adults taking over the role and millions of children having no access to schooling at all. Teacher Education and the Challenge of Development is co-written by experts working across a wide range of developing country situations. It provides a unique overview of the crisis surrounding the provision of high-quality teachers in the developing world, and how these teachers are crucial to the alleviation of poverty. The book explores existing policy structures and identifies the global pressures on teaching, which are particularly acute in developing economies.