Zambia Operational Plan Report Fy 2013

Author : United States United States Department of State
Publisher : CreateSpace
Page : 506 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2014-11-12
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1503194124

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Zambia Operational Plan Report Fy 2013 by United States United States Department of State Pdf

The recent 2012 UNAIDS World AIDS Day Report showed significant improvements in HIV and AIDS-related results globally. In general, new HIV infections declined among children; there were fewer AIDS-related deaths; and there were increased investments in the response to HIV and AIDS. Zambia, like many countries, has recorded significant improvements in all three key areas. According to the report, between 2001 and 2011, Zambia reduced new HIV infections by 58%, while the country also cut AIDS-related deaths by more than 50%. The 2007 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey (2007 ZDHS) measured adult HIV prevalence at 14.3%. With the population currently standing at 13.1 million people with 61% in rural areas and 39% in urban areas, Zambia still has one of the world's most devastating HIV and AIDS epidemics, with more than one in seven adults living with HIV. Infection rates are twice as high in urban as in rural areas, while life expectancy is estimated at 49 years in what is still a generalized epidemic [UNAIDS Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic (2010)]. The HIV epidemic is geographically diverse, with provincial prevalence levels ranging from 6.8% to 20.8%. The Northern and Northwestern provinces have the lowest prevalence, just below 7%. Both provinces are predominantly rural, with low population density and high levels of poverty. In contrast, Lusaka, Central and Copperbelt Provinces are more densely populated, with large urban areas and have prevalence levels of 17% and higher. The most recent UNAIDS Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic (2012 UNAIDS) estimated Zambia's HIV prevalence among 15-49 year olds to have declined to 12.5%. The country is awaiting the results of the newly-started DHS that will enable an update to the most recent HIV and AIDS statistics. The six key drivers of the HIV and AIDS epidemic in Zambia are: 1) high rates of multiple concurrent partnerships; 2) low and inconsistent condom use; 3) low rates of voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC); 4) population mobility; 5) vulnerable groups with high risk behaviors; and 6) mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). In addition, other factors such as gender inequality, disparity, socio-cultural practices, and stigma interact with these drivers to sustain high levels of risk and vulnerability.

Author : United States United States Department of State
Publisher : CreateSpace
Page : 100 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2014-11-12
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1503193136

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Burundi Operational Plan Report Fy 2013 by United States United States Department of State Pdf

Burundi is a low-income developing country with a population of 10.5 million (July 2012 CIA World Fact book), an annual population growth of 2.4 percent, and more than 300 inhabitants per km2. This makes Burundi the country with the second highest population density in sub-Saharan Africa. Burundi remains one of the poorest countries in the world with a per capita gross national income (GNI) of $170, and it is considered one of the world's 40 "Heavily Indebted Poor Countries". Additionally, it is worth noting that a civil war, which lasted 13 years from 1993, killed more than 300,000 people, severely weakened the health and social welfare systems and negatively affected donor support and private sector investment in Burundi.

Author : United States United States Department of State
Publisher : CreateSpace
Page : 196 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2014-11-12
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1503194175

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Swaziland Operational Plan Report Fy 2013 by United States United States Department of State Pdf

Swaziland is a landlocked kingdom at the epicenter of the global HIV/AIDS pandemic, struggling to mitigate the world's highest prevalence rates of HIV and TB. Economically, Swaziland is closely tied to South Africa, from which it receives 90 percent of its imports and a large proportion of its public sector financing through the Southern African Customs Union (SACU). Compounding the economic situation and exacerbating the strains on the health and social systems was a precipitous fall in revenue resulting from two-thirds cut of SACU customs receipts in 2009. More than half of the population is under 20 and nearly half of the youth are at extremely high risk of HIV. The 2010 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) reported that 45.1% of children and youth fit the definition of orphaned or vulnerable. Traditional family structures have all but collapsed, with only 22 percent of children raised in two-parent households. Gender-based inequalities, violence, poverty and income disparities persist in the country and create significant barriers to effective HIV prevention interventions and the up-take of care and treatment services. Economic growth and development have been deeply impacted by the health crisis, which literally threatens the future of the kingdom. The 2010 MICS reported high rates of malnutrition, with 40.9 percent of children experiencing moderate to severe stunting. Furthermore, anecdotal reports show that food insecurity is one of the main reasons that eligible individuals will not initiate treatment; they fear not having food to take with ARVs. The Swaziland HIV Incidence Measurement Survey (SHIMS) published in late 2012, provides the best data available to date on the epidemic. SHIMS identified a national HIV prevalence of 31 percent among adults 18-49 years of age. A reanalysis of the 2007 Demographic Health Survey data determined prevalence of 31 percent in adults 18-49, indicating that the HIV prevalence in Swaziland has stabilized in the last five years. Adult incidence is high at 2.4 percent, with a significantly higher incidence for women of 3.1 per cent (1.7. per cent for men).

Author : United States United States Department of State
Publisher : CreateSpace
Page : 214 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2014-11-12
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1503194205

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Rwanda Operational Plan Report Fy 2013 by United States United States Department of State Pdf

Rwanda has made remarkable progress since the tragedy of the 1994 genocide, with growth in real per capita income averaging nearly 5% and accelerating to an average of over 8% in the period 2006-2010 (NISR, Statistical Yearbook 2011). However, Rwanda remains one of the world's poorest countries, and is ranked 166 out of 187 countries on UNDP's Human Development Index 2011. According to the 2011 household survey, 45% of the population lives below the poverty line of $1.30 per day with 24% falling below an extreme poverty threshold of about $0.90 per day (NISR, 2012). Although Rwanda has made significant progress in improving the health status of its population, much work remains. Females have a life expectancy of 53.8 years, while males have a life expectancy of 49.4 years (NISR, 2011). The burden of disease in Rwanda is similar to that of other developing countries. Acute respiratory infections (ARI) accounted for 36% of all illnesses in 2011, followed by intestinal parasites (9%) (Rwanda MOH Annual Health Statistics Booklet, 2011). Cases of malaria have dropped from 8% in 2010 to 3% in 2011 but account for 6% of total deaths in 2011 as compared to 13% in 2010. In 2011, HIV and associated opportunistic infections was the fourth leading cause of hospital mortality with 7% of deaths after premature birth (11%), ARIs (9%) and cardiac diseases (9%).

Author : United States United States Department of State
Publisher : CreateSpace
Page : 92 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2014-11-12
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 150319311X

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Cameroon Operational Plan Report Fy 2013 by United States United States Department of State Pdf

Cameroon is a lower-middle income country with a population of 20 million representing over 275 ethnic groups. Cameroon's epidemiological profile is dominated by communicable diseases such as malaria and HIV (prevalence of 4.3%, DHS 2011); and an increased prevalence in non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Maternal mortality is estimated at 782 per 100,000 live births, while the under-five mortality rate is estimated at 122 per 1,000 live births. Funding for health is approximately 5% of the 2013 budget. In 2010, private spending (out of pocket) accounted for 70.4% of total health expenditure (including 94.5% in the form of direct payments); 13.2% of the funding was provided by external resources; while government funds covered 16.4% of total expenditures on health (World Bank Report on Health and Health Systems in Cameroon, 2012). The significant financial burden on households to finance health care consequently affects access to and use of health services in Cameroon.

Author : United States United States Department of State
Publisher : CreateSpace
Page : 290 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2014-11-12
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1503193594

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Malawi Operational Plan Report Fy 2013 by United States United States Department of State Pdf

The Republic of Malawi has a population of nearly 16 million people living in an area of 118,484 square kilometers (approximately the size of Ohio). As one of the poorest countries in the world, currently ranked 171 out of 187 on the Human Development Index, Malawi has faced an uphill battle to achieve improvements in key health indicators. Malawi is faced with double-digit HIV prevalence, one of the highest malaria prevalence rates in the world, and a population that is expected to double by 2030. These challenges are putting increasing pressure on land, natural resources and social services. Malawi is well known in the region for its innovations in public health programming, and maintains a well-coordinated health donor environment, under the leadership of the Sector Wide Approach (SWAp) Secretariat in the Ministry of Health (MoH). The strong national commitment and leadership to improved health outcomes, with support from development partners, has significant achievements to show for it: Malawi is on track to meet MDG 4, reducing child mortality by two-thirds by 2015 HIV prevalenceamongst 15-49 year olds has declined from 11.8 % in 2004 to 10.6% in 2010 per the Malawian Demographic and Health Survey (MDHS) Maternal mortality has decreased from 1,120 per 100,000 live births in 2000 to 675 in 2010 Fertility has declined from 6.3 births in 2000 to 5.7 births per woman in 2010 Modern contraceptive use has increased from 26% in 2000 to 42% in 2010. Modeling of 2010 ANC data and the 2010 MDHS data shows just under one million Malawians living with HIV, 19% of whom are children under 15, and 47% of whom are adult women. AIDS is the leading cause of death, with an estimated 44,000 deaths in 2011, and is a major contributing factor to Malawi's low life expectancy of 54 years. TB continues to be a challenge and co-morbidity with HIV is common. The WHO estimated 29,000 new cases of all forms of TB in 2011, with approximately 62% in PLHIV. While there has been a significant increase in TB treatment success rate of 87% (up from 67% in 2001), the overall case detection rate remains about 66%.

Author : United States United States Department of State
Publisher : CreateSpace
Page : 486 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2014-11-12
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1503194256

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Mozambique Operational Plan Report Fy 2013 by United States United States Department of State Pdf

As part of our two year Country Operational Plan (COP), the 2013 plan supports the global priorities set forth in the AIDS-Free Generation (AFG) policy to: provide antiretroviral treatment (ART) for 6 million people; perform 4.7 million voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) procedures; provide antiretroviral (ARV) prophylaxis to 1.5 million HIV-infected pregnant women to prevent mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT); support the Government of Mozambique's (GRM) national "HIV/AIDS Acceleration Plan 2013-2015" (Acceleration Plan) to increase the percentage of eligible adults and children with advanced HIV infection who receive antiretroviral therapy to 80%; increase the percentage of HIV-positive pregnant women who receive ARVs to 90%; and increase the percentage of adult males circumcised in target provinces to 75% by 2015. The Acceleration Plan, developed in collaboration with the PEPFAR Mozambique team, and closely coordinated with the development of the Ministry of Health's Global Fund Round 9 phase II application for HIV/AIDS, prioritizes high-impact interventions and geographic areas, and focuses on a continuum of response by addressing key populations. This year's COP represents result-driven and target-based budget allocations through direct application of PEPFAR Expenditure Analysis and other unit cost data to PEPFAR's contribution to the national targets. Our interventions target priority districts identified in the GRM's Acceleration Plan and ensure strong linkages between counseling and testing, care, treatment, and PMTCT for a robust continuum of response. Our overall budget is carefully aligned to the priorities of an AIDS Free Generation. Prevention activities represent 24% of our overall budget, with 8% allocated to PMTCT for ARV prophylaxis for 61,147 pregnant women, 8% allocated to VMMC to circumcise 224,413 men, 3% reserved for sexual prevention to reach most-at-risk populations (MARPs), 4% dedicated to test and counsel 2.2 million individuals; 33% allocated for antiretroviral (ART) treatment for 380,680 adults and children - including 16% for ARV drugs, 19% dedicated to the care of almost one million HIV infected adults and children - including 10% for orphans and vulnerable children, and 13% budgeted for system strengthening activities to support prevention, care, and treatment goals. HIV commodities, including ARV drugs, represent 23% of the budget. USG management and operations represent 11% of PEPFAR resources.

Author : Sara L.M. Davis
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 321 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2020-06-11
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781108483360

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The Uncounted by Sara L.M. Davis Pdf

It humanizes high-level debates over indicators and data in development aid, showing how they are used to make life-or-death decisions.

Author : Naar M’fundisi-Holloway
Publisher : Springer
Page : 329 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2018-08-22
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783319970585

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Pentecostal and Charismatic Spiritualities and Civic Engagement in Zambia by Naar M’fundisi-Holloway Pdf

For the past sixty years, the Pentecostal and Charismatic movement has played a major role in Zambia. In this book, Naar Mfundisi-Holloway explains the history of this development and its impact on civic engagement. She opens a discussion on church-state relations and explains how the church presented a channel of hope in the wake of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, despite having a history that eschewed civic engagement. In fact, the pandemic propelled the church to work alongside the state in the fight against the disease. Using interviews and historical analysis, this book provides valuable insight into how Pentecostal and Charismatic churches have effectively engaged matters of civic concern in Zambia dating from colonial times.

Author : United States United States Department of State
Publisher : CreateSpace
Page : 98 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2014-11-12
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1503193160

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Angola Operational Plan Report Fy 2013 by United States United States Department of State Pdf

In 2011, Secretary Clinton called on the world to join in the fight for an AIDS Free generation and in 2012 the Secretary revealed a PEPFAR (President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief) Blueprint outlining the path to making this a reality. Aligned with the Global Health Initiative (GHI) Strategy, our Partnership Framework (PF) and the Blueprint's policy imperative, Angola's PEPFAR initiatives are based on strategic, scientifically sound investments to scale-up core HIV prevention to maximize impact. Based on a capacity-building, systems strengthening model, PEPFAR Angola is working with partners to effectively mobilize, coordinate and efficiently use resources to save more lives sooner. The focus will be on key populations, on women and girls to increase gender equality, and ending stigma and discrimination against people living with HIV (Cross Cutting-Appendix A). This will be measured by setting benchmarks that are regularly assessed, with the long term goal of country ownership. The Angola PEPFAR Team will continue to build upon successes of our past, maintaining current programs like supporting the Government of Republic of Angola (GRA-INLS, INSP, CNS) decentralization plan with technical assistance in health systems strengthening, implementation of an enhanced Prevention of Mother-To-Child Transmission (PMTCT) services, building GRA human resources by training local surveillance experts to sustain the country's capacity in strategic information, and supporting the military to strengthen its HIV Prevention Program and promote organizational networking with other military partners at the regional level. In addition to continuing programs, in fiscal year 2014, Angola PEPFAR will expand PMTCT and HIV testing and counseling in Luanda province and coordinate HIV initiatives across borders to demonstrate collaboration with our neighbors in unity toward an AIDS Free generation. The United States Government (USG-Appendix C) utilizes a technical assistance approach in areas identified by the Ministry of Health (MoH). Secretary Clinton stated in her remarks at the 2012 International AIDS conference that we should continue to be focused on supporting high-impact interventions, and make tough decisions driven by science. This is the fundamental goal of the Angola PEPFAR program.

Author : United States United States Department of State
Publisher : CreateSpace
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2014-11-12
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1503194248

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Namibia Operational Plan Report Fy 2013 by United States United States Department of State Pdf

Namibia is one of Africa's largest, yet least densely populated nations. With an estimated population of 2.1 million and a land-mass slightly more than half the size of Alaska (825,400 sq.km.), Namibia's people are distributed unevenly in urban centers and rural communities across enormous distances with a population density of 2.8 people/sq.km. Namibia's projected population growth rate remains at 1.87%, and the Government of the Republic of Namibia (GRN) anticipates continued growth in demand for health and social services through the current 30 year planning cycle.(1) In 2010, nearly 60% of the population was under the age of 24, 2/3 of whom were estimated to be under the age of 18.(2) Based on Gross National Income/per capita, the World Bank (WB) has classified Namibia as an Upper Middle Income Economy.(3) However, substantial income inequalities exist-Namibia's Gini coefficient ranks among the highest in the world.(4) Current estimates suggest that up to 28.7% of Namibians live in poverty.(5) Chronically high unemployment-34% in the formal sector, according to recent IMF estimates-is an important contributing factor to elevated rates of poverty.(6) Namibia depends on revenues from the common South African Customs Union pool for approximately 30% of its budget (the percentage varies from year to year) and could be hard hit by a revision of the formula used to distribute these revenues. In addition, the economy is heavily dependent on fluctuating mineral prices, with revenues from uranium and diamonds comprising 8% of the budget. Mining, fishing, agriculture, and tourism are expected to remain the pillars of the economy for the next decade. According to recent visits from International Monetary Fund and WB teams, Namibia's outlook for the next 1 to 3 years is stable. However, both institutions have urged caution given the expansionary budgets the GRN has adopted over the last two years.

Author : United States United States Department of State
Publisher : CreateSpace
Page : 164 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2014-11-12
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1503193608

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Lesotho Operational Plan Report Fy 2013 by United States United States Department of State Pdf

The Kingdom of Lesotho, located in the eastern part of Southern Africa, covers an area of 30,350 km2 and has a population of 1,876,633 million. Largely mountainous, 23% of the population lives in urban areas clustered along the flatter north-western borders. The remaining 77% live in rural and difficult to access areas. Less than 20% of the population has salaried employment and 77% of households in Lesotho depend on subsistence agricultural as their main source of food. Employment in Lesotho is limited; 43% of the population lives on less than $1.25 per day and the Lesotho workforce depend on migration to the Republic of South Africa for work opportunities such as mining, agriculture, construction, and domestic work. Health indicators are poor; maternal mortality has increased to 1,155 deaths per 100,000 live births and population growth declined to 0.08%. The impact of the HIV epidemic has been identified as a major factor in the decline in population growth and is linked to broader health and development challenges for Lesotho.

Author : United States United States Department of State
Publisher : CreateSpace
Page : 526 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2014-11-12
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1503193675

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Ethiopia Operational Plan Report Fy 2013 by United States United States Department of State Pdf

With 82 million people, Ethiopia is the second most populous country in Sub-Saharan Africa. Despite impressive economic growth, Ethiopia remains a low-income country with a real per capita income of US $351 and 39% of the population living below the international poverty line of $1.25/day . According to the UN Human Development Index, 2012, Ethiopia ranks 174 out of 187 countries on both the overall index and the per capita GNI (Gross National Income). It is also one of the least urbanized countries with 82% of the population living in rural areas. In 2010, Ethiopia launched a five-year Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP) which envisages an annual Gross Domestic Product (GDP) base growth case scenario of 11% and a high growth case scenario of 14.9%. Improving the quality of social services and infrastructure, ensuring macroeconomic stability, and enhancing productivity in agriculture and manufacturing are major objectives of the plan. The high growth rate has been offset by high inflation in recent years. Year-on-year inflation peaked at 64% in July 2008 - the second highest in Sub-Saharan Africa after Zimbabwe. In 2012 the situation had apparently improved as the inflation rate had dropped from 35.9% in January to 15.6% by December 2012. The Health Sector Development Plan IV (HSDPIV) and the Strategic Plan for Intensifying Multisectoral HIV and AIDS Response (SPMII) outline their contributions towards the GTP. The death a few months back of Prime Minister Meles has led to a change in leadership. The new Minister of Health leads a young team and is looking to develop his own legacy after the charismatic leadership of the former Minister, Dr. Tewodros Adhanom who became Foreign Minister in December 2012. The HIV/AIDS situation in Ethiopia continues to be characterized by a mixed epidemic with significant heterogeneity across geographic areas, urban vs rural, and population groups. The 2011 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) found HIV prevalence at 1.5% nationally, compared to 2.4% according to the formerly accepted Single Point Estimate. Comparison with 2005 EDHS data suggest stable low HIV prevalence of 0.6% in rural areas but substantial declines from 7.7% to 4.2% in urban areas. Routine biannual antenatal surveillance confirms sustained declines in HIV prevalence in both urban and peri-urban areas up through the most recent estimate published for 2009 . There are contrasts in prevalence across regions (ranging from 6.5% in Gambella and 5.2% in Addis Ababa to 0.9% in SNNP), residence types (4.2% urban versus 0.6% rural) and gender (1.9% for women vs. 1.0% for men). Prevalence among 15-24 years has also significantly declined from 12.4% in 2001 to 2.6% in 2009 . SPECTRUM projections combining DHS and ANC data estimate a rapidly declining mixed epidemic where incidence has fallen to 0.03%, a 60% reduction since the introduction of PEPFAR in Ethiopia in 2005. Only Gambella region in southwestern Ethiopia with less than 0.5 percent of Ethiopia's population of 82 million showed a net increase in HIV prevalence over the same period and a worrying 9% prevalence among women aged 15-24 years. At the same time, projected national incidence rates were substantially lower than previously estimated with just over 20,000 new cases in 2012 compared to over 134,000 according to the former Single Point Estimate, although the country retains a substantial burden for secondary prevention and treatment with an estimated 734,000 people currently living with HIV in 2013. According to SPECTRUM, 70% of projected new infections in 2013 will come from sexual transmission, which is disproportionately low compared with other countries. This may be attributable to the relative successes with prevention of sexual transmission and high treatment coverage, compared with relative lack of success with prevention of vertical transmission..

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1454 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Economic assistance, American
ISBN : IND:30000153227545

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State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations for 2017 by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Pdf

Author : Kim Yi Dionne
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 213 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781107195592

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Doomed Interventions by Kim Yi Dionne Pdf

This book is for students and scholars studying political economy, public policy, and global health, and all those who are interested in knowing how ordinary Africans think about the response to the AIDS epidemic. It studies the divergent priorities of donors and citizens in response to AIDS intervention in Africa.