A Poverty Inequality Trade Off

Author : Medani P. Bhandari,Shvindina Hanna
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2022-09-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781000796704

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Economic Inequality – Trends, Traps and Trade-offs by Medani P. Bhandari,Shvindina Hanna Pdf

The book “Economic Inequality – Trends, Traps and Trade-offs” presents the unexplored issues of economic inequality, including case studies of various countries. Inequality is a chronic divisive factor of society. It is well known that inequalities (such as economic, social, cultural, religious, geographical, etc.) have been omnipresent in human society. Inequalities can be found within each family, each community, and each nation and thus globally. Inequality is a major cause of political, economic, social instability, and creates crisis and conflict within society. A major cause of inequality is unequal, uneven, biased, power centric distributions of human economic, social, political, cultural and spiritual human necessities.The edited book examines the major parameters of the socio-economic issues of inequality and focuses on the key economic issues of inequality, namely, income and wealth distribution, equity & equality of outcome, and equality of opportunities. Economic inequality is measured by wealth, income dsiproportions in distribution and consumption patterns in a specific area. Mostly, inequality is measured using various statistical tools including the Gini Coefficient, inequality adjusted human development index, 20:20 ratio, Palma ratio, Hoover index, Galt score, Coefficient of variation, Theil index, wage share etc. However, not all income can be measured by these tools. By using case studies, this book encourages us to reframe economic development through the lens of growing inequalities and disparities. Economic growth per se is disproportional, and the efforts of scholars, practitioners and policymakers should be directed to empower the marginalized of society in a way that ‘no one should left behind’ (UN Slogan).

Author : Ann Harrison
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 675 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2007-11-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780226318004

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Globalization and Poverty by Ann Harrison Pdf

Over the past two decades, the percentage of the world’s population living on less than a dollar a day has been cut in half. How much of that improvement is because of—or in spite of—globalization? While anti-globalization activists mount loud critiques and the media report breathlessly on globalization’s perils and promises, economists have largely remained silent, in part because of an entrenched institutional divide between those who study poverty and those who study trade and finance. Globalization and Poverty bridges that gap, bringing together experts on both international trade and poverty to provide a detailed view of the effects of globalization on the poor in developing nations, answering such questions as: Do lower import tariffs improve the lives of the poor? Has increased financial integration led to more or less poverty? How have the poor fared during various currency crises? Does food aid hurt or help the poor? Poverty, the contributors show here, has been used as a popular and convenient catchphrase by parties on both sides of the globalization debate to further their respective arguments. Globalization and Poverty provides the more nuanced understanding necessary to move that debate beyond the slogans.

Author : Martin Ravallion
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Bienestar economico y social
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Growth, Inequality and Poverty by Martin Ravallion Pdf

One side in the current debate about who benefits from growth has focused solely on average impacts on poverty and inequality, while the other side has focused on the diverse welfare impacts found beneath the averages. Both sides have a point.

Author : Ms. Valerie Cerra,Mr. Ruy Lama,Norman Loayza
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 54 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2021-03-12
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513572666

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Links Between Growth, Inequality, and Poverty: A Survey by Ms. Valerie Cerra,Mr. Ruy Lama,Norman Loayza Pdf

Is there a tradeoff between raising growth and reducing inequality and poverty? This paper reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on the complex links between growth, inequality, and poverty, with causation going in both directions. The evidence suggests that growth can be effective in reducing poverty, but its impact on inequality is ambiguous and depends on the underlying sources of growth. The impact of poverty and inequality on growth is likewise ambiguous, as several channels mediate the relationship. But most plausible mechanisms suggest that poverty and inequality reduce growth, at least in the long run. Policies play a role in shaping these relationships and those designed to improve equality of opportunity can simultaneously improve inclusiveness and growth.

Author : Arthur M. Okun
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
Page : 171 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2015-04-30
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780815726548

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Equality and Efficiency REV by Arthur M. Okun Pdf

Originally published in 1975, Equality and Efficiency: The Big Tradeoff is a very personal work from one of the most important macroeconomists of the last hundred years. And this new edition includes "Further Thoughts on Equality and Efficiency," a paper published by the author two years later. In classrooms Arthur M. Okun may be best remembered for Okun's Law, but his lasting legacy is the respect and admiration he earned from economists, practitioners, and policymakers. Equality and Efficiency is the perfect embodiment of that legacy, valued both by professional economists and those readers with a keen interest in social policy. To his fellow economists, Okun presents messages, in the form of additional comments and select citations, in his footnotes. To all readers, Okun presents an engaging dual theme: the market needs a place, and the market needs to be kept in its place. As Okun puts it: Institutions in a capitalist democracy prod us to get ahead of our neighbors economically after telling us to stay in line socially. This double standard professes and pursues an egalitarian political and social system while simultaneously generating gaping disparities in economic well-being. Today, Okun's dual theme feels incredibly prescient as we grapple with the hot-button topic of income inequality. In his foreword, Lawrence H. Summers declares: On what one might think of as questions of "economic philosophy," I doubt that Okun has been improved on in the subsequent interval. His discussion of how societies rely on rights as well as markets should be required reading for all young economists who are enamored with market solutions to all problems. With a new foreword by Lawrence H. Summers

Author : Anonim
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 21 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2024-06-30
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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A poverty-inequality trade-off? by Anonim Pdf

Author : Erhan Artuc,Guido Porto,Bob Rijkers
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 158 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2022-02-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783030930608

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The Inequality Adjusted Gains from Trade by Erhan Artuc,Guido Porto,Bob Rijkers Pdf

This volume examines the relationship between trade liberalization policies and income inequality in developing countries. Using survey data for 54 developing countries, the book explores the potential trade-off between the gains from trade and the distribution of those gains and provides a quantification of the inequality-adjusted welfare gains from trade. The book begins with an introduction to the model and its methodology. Chapter 2 sets up the model and derives the formulas for the welfare effects of trade policy. Chapter 3 uses the tariff data and the survey data to estimate those welfare effects in 54 countries. Chapter 4 discusses the gains from trade and their distribution. Chapter 5 evaluates and quantifies the trade-off between income gains and inequality costs of trade. Chapter 6 presents robustness tests and results from alternative models of the impacts of trade. The last chapter reviews the Household Impacts of Trade database and dashboard, which provides data for replication and a platform that allows researchers to simulate agricultural tariff policy shocks. Providing a comprehensive empirical analysis of the effects of trade policy on inequality in developing countries, this volume will be of interest to researchers and students of economic inequality, development, and international trade as well as policymakers interested in the inequality and poverty consequences of trade policy.

Author : Martin Ravallion
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Equality
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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The Debate on Globalization, Poverty, and Inequality by Martin Ravallion Pdf

In the last year or so, markedly different claims have been heard within the development community about just how much progress is being made against poverty and inequality in the current period of "globalization." Ravallion provides a nontechnical overview of the conceptual and methodological issues underlying these conflicting claims. He argues that the dramatically differing positions taken in this debate often stem from differences in the concepts and definitions used and differences in data sources and measurement assumptions. These differences are often hidden from view in the debate, but they need to be considered carefully if one is to properly interpret the evidence. The author argues that the best available evidence suggests that if the rate of progress against absolute poverty in the developing world in the 1990s is maintained, then the Millennium Development Goal of halving the 1990 aggregate poverty rate by 2015 will be achieved on time in the aggregate, though not in all regions. He concludes with some observations on the implications for the more policy-oriented debates on globalization and pro-poor growth.

Author : J. Humberto Lopez
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 29 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Economic development
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Pro-growth, Pro-poor by J. Humberto Lopez Pdf

"Is a pro-growth strategy always the best pro-poor strategy? To address this issue, Lopez provides an empirical evaluation of the impact of a series of pro-growth policies on inequality and headcount poverty. He relies on a large macroeconomic data set and estimate dynamic panel models that allows him to differentiate between the short- and long-run impacts of the policies under consideration on growth, inequality, and poverty. The author's findings indicate that regardless of their impact on inequality, pro-growth policies lead to lower poverty levels in the long run. However, he also finds evidence indicating that some of these policies may lead to higher inequality and, under plausible assumptions for the distribution of income, to higher poverty levels in the short run. These findings would justify the adoption of a pro-growth policy package as the center of any poverty reduction strategy, together with pro-poor measures that complement such a package by offsetting potential short-run increases in poverty. This paper-- a product of the Poverty Reduction Group, Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network-- is part of a larger effort in the network to understand how to increase the impact of growth on poverty reduction"-- World Bank web site.

Author : Heather Boushey
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 305 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2019
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780674919310

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Unbound by Heather Boushey Pdf

Many fear that efforts to address inequality will undermine the economy as a whole. But the opposite is true: rising inequality has become a drag on growth and an impediment to market competition. Heather Boushey breaks down the problem and argues that we can preserve our nation's economic traditions while promoting shared economic growth.

Author : Rémi Genevey,R. K. Pachauri,Laurence Tubiana
Publisher : The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI)
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2013-01-01
Category : Architecture
ISBN : 9788179935309

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Reducing Inequalities by Rémi Genevey,R. K. Pachauri,Laurence Tubiana Pdf

The reduction of inequalities within and between countries stands as a policy goal, and deserves to take centre stage in the design of the Sustainable Development Goals agreed during the Rio+20 Summit in 2012.The 2013 edition of A Planet for Life represents a unique international initiative grounded on conceptual and strategic thinking, and – most importantly – empirical experiments, conducted on five continents and touching on multiple realities. This unprecedented collection of works proposes a solid empirical approach, rather than an ideological one, to inform future debate.The case studies collected in this volume demonstrate the complexity of the new systems required to accommodate each country's specific economic, political and cultural realities. These systems combine technical, financial, legal, fiscal and organizational elements with a great deal of applied expertise, and are articulated within a clear, well-understood, growth- and job-generating development strategy.Inequality reduction does not occur by decree; neither does it automatically arise through economic growth, nor through policies that equalize incomes downward via ill conceived fiscal policies. Inequality reduction involves a collaborative effort that must motivate all concerned parties, one that constitutes a genuine political and social innovation, and one that often runs counter to prevailing political and economic forces.

Author : Nancy Birdsall,Carol L. Graham,Richard H. Sabot
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
Page : 382 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 1998-09-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0815791291

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Beyond Tradeoffs by Nancy Birdsall,Carol L. Graham,Richard H. Sabot Pdf

Latin American income distribution is among the most unequal in the world. Both the poor and the wealthy have paid a price for this inequality, which is in part responsible for the region's low growth rates. The essays in this book propose new ways of reducing inequality, not by growth-inhibiting transfers and regulations, but by enhancing efficiency—eliminating consumption subsidies for the wealthy, increasing the productivity of the poor, and shifting to a more labor and skill-demanding growth path. In Beyond Tradeoffs, Latin American experts demonstrate how market-friendly measures in key policy areas can simultaneously promote greater equity and greater efficiency. By identifying win-win strategies, the authors challenge the conventional wisdom that there is always a tradeoff between these two objectives. Extensive macroeconomic reforms in the region have provided opportunities to implement such strategies across many sectors. The volume aims at building a "Latin consensus" on a second round of reforms—reforms that address the urgent issue of inequality without undermining efficient growth. Contributors include Jonathan Coles, Rene Cortazar, Ricardo Hausmann, Juan Luis Londoño, Nora Lustig, Moises Naím, and Joseph Stiglitz. Copublished with the Inter-American Development Bank

Author : Theo S. Eicher,Stephen J. Turnovsky
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 343 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2007-01-26
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780262550642

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Inequality and Growth by Theo S. Eicher,Stephen J. Turnovsky Pdf

Even minute increases in a country's growth rate can result in dramatic changes in living standards over just one generation. The benefits of growth, however, may not be shared equally. Some may gain less than others, and a fraction of the population may actually be disadvantaged. Recent economic research has found both positive and negative relationships between growth and inequality across nations. The questions raised by these results include: What is the impact on inequality of policies designed to foster growth? Does inequality by itself facilitate or detract from economic growth, and does it amplify or diminish policy effectiveness? This book provides a forum for economists to examine the theoretical, empirical, and policy issues involved in the relationship between growth and inequality. The aim is to develop a framework for determining the role of public policy in enhancing both growth and equality. The diverse range of topics, examined in both developed and developing countries, includes natural resources, taxation, fertility, redistribution, technological change, transition, labor markets, and education. A theme common to all the essays is the importance of education in reducing inequality and increasing growth.

Author : Eban S. Goodstein
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 56 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : IND:30000057332052

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Jobs and the Environment by Eban S. Goodstein Pdf

Examines the employment effects of environmental regulation.

Author : Shaohua Chen,Martin Ravallion
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 57 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : China
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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China's (uneven) Progress Against Poverty by Shaohua Chen,Martin Ravallion Pdf

"While the incidence of extreme poverty in China fell dramatically over 1980-2001, progress was uneven over time and across provinces. Rural areas accounted for the bulk of the gains to the poor, though migration to urban areas helped. The pattern of growth mattered. Rural economic growth was far more important to national poverty reduction than urban economic growth. Agriculture played a far more important role than the secondary or tertiary sources of GDP. Rising inequality within the rural sector greatly slowed poverty reduction. Provinces starting with relatively high inequality saw slower progress against poverty, due both to lower growth and a lower growth elasticity of poverty reduction. Taxation of farmers and inflation hurt the poor. External trade had little short-term impact. This paper a product of the Poverty Team, Development Research Group is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the causes of country success in poverty reduction"--World Bank web site.