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Adipose Tissue and Adipokines in Health and Disease by Giamila Fantuzzi,Theodore Mazzone Pdf
This book presents a comprehensive survey of adipose tissue, its physiological functions, and its role in disease. The volume spans the entire range of adipose tissue studies, from basic anatomical and physiological research to epidemiology and clinical studies. Groundbreaking recent studies are incorporated into traditional models of adipose tissue properties. A description of the role of macrophages in obesity and metabolism in included.
Adipose Tissue in Health and Disease by Todd Leff,James G. Granneman Pdf
This timely and most comprehensive reference available on the topic covers all the different aspects vital in the fight against the global obesity epidemic. Following a look at adipose tissue development and morphology, the authors go on to examine its metabolic and endocrine functions and its role in disease. The final section deals with comparative and evolutionary aspects of the tissue. The result is an essential resource for cell and molecular biologists, physiologists, biochemists, pharmacologists, and those working in the pharmaceutical industry.
Adipose Tissue and Inflammation by Atif B. Awad,Peter G. Bradford Pdf
The American Obesity Association identifies obesity's link to numerous medical conditions, including hypertension, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, several cancers, and a host of inflammatory disorders. Evidence indicates that inflammation has more than a corollary relation with obesity; that in fact, obesity itself manifests a low-grade, m
Adipose tissue, a kind of connective tissue, plays different and significant roles in the human body. Its function includes protection against environmental factors, storage of lipids and triacylglycerol, and the process of thermogenesis. It is also involved in the secretion of highly active biomolecules such as steroid hormones, prostaglandins, as well as proteins called “adipokines.” On the other hand, disturbances in functions of adipose tissue may cause several pathologies such as obesity and insulin resistance. Obesity is a worldwide health problem, whereas diabetes mellitus due to insulin resistance is defined by the World Health Organization as “a progressive worldwide epidemic.” Especially dangerous is visceral accumulation of adipose tissue.This book describes a series of up-to-date topics about physiological and pathological processes in adipose tissue.
Pathophysiology of Obesity-Induced Health Complications by Paramjit S. Tappia,Bram Ramjiawan,Naranjan S. Dhalla Pdf
According to the World Health Organization, the epidemic of global obesity has nearly tripled since 1975. In 2016, more than 1.9 billion adults were overweight, over 650 million of which were obese. Being overweight and obese has been linked to a number of non-communicable, chronic diseases. Pathophysiology of Obesity-Induced Health Complications is a compilation of review articles dedicated to describe co-morbidities associated with obesity. The wide range that is covered is of significant interest to basic research scientists, clinicians and graduate students who are engaged in studying obesity-induced health complications. Furthermore, this book highlights the potential of novel approaches for the prevention and treatment of obesity and its related illnesses. Nineteen articles in this book are organized in four sections that are designed to provide an overview of obesity-induced health complications. The first section serves as an introductory section on the prevalence, causes, consequences, treatments and preventive approaches for obesity. Section two covers the metabolic disturbances and inflammation due to obesity. The third section is focused on neurological and visceral complications as a consequence of obesity. The final section covers strategies for the prevention of obesity-induced complications. The book illustrates that obesity can result in a diverse range of pathophysiological conditions that adversely affect health.
Obesity is a hugely expensive and increasing problem worldwide,leading to disability, reproductive problems, depression andaccelerated metabolic and vascular diseases in a large proportionof men, women and children. The ABC of Obesity is a newguide which will aid its effective management, addressing issuessuch as dieting, exercise, self esteem, drug treatment and surgery.Recent evidence is used to highlight frequent problems, successfultreatment options, and the most common causes. Written by leading experts, this is a widely accessible text andan indispensable guide for all general practitioners, juniordoctors, nurses, and other healthcare professionals who areinvolved in the treatment and research of this commoncondition.
Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue: Formation; Function; and Impact on Health and Disease by Anonim Pdf
Adipocytes are a major component of the bone marrow, accounting for up to 70% of total bone marrow volume in healthy humans. Indeed, this bone marrow adipose tissue (often referred to as 'MAT' or 'BMAT') accounts for at least 5% of total adipose tissue mass in lean, healthy humans, suggesting a role in normal physiology and development. Bone marrow adiposity further increases with ageing and in diverse clinical conditions, including major public health challenges such as osteoporosis. Yet despite this abundance and compelling clinical potential, bone marrow adipocytes have received surprisingly little attention from the biomedical research community. Thankfully, this is now beginning to change. Research over the past decade has begun to increase our knowledge of BMAT, including the conditions associated with altered bone marrow adiposity and the potential physiological and pathological functions of bone marrow adipocytes. The articles within this e-Book highlight many of these recent developments, underscoring our increasing knowledge of BMAT formation and function; showcasing emerging techniques for basic and clinical BMAT analysis; and highlighting key questions and future directions for this burgeoning and increasingly diverse field. The editors would like to express their thanks to the authors for contributing the articles within this e-Book; to the senior editors at Frontiers in Endocrinology for their guidance; and to the staff at Frontiers for their helpful input throughout.
Cellular and Biochemical Mechanisms of Obesity by Paramjit S. Tappia,Bram Ramjiawan,Naranjan S. Dhalla Pdf
Global health has been challenged with the dawning of the era of the obesity epidemic, and thus as a consequence, strategies to reduce obesity have become public health priorities. According to the United Nations, obesity has been identified as a concern for achieving Sustainable Development Goals. Obesity is a serious health problem with an increased risk of several common diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Although the fundamental cause of obesity and overweight is an imbalance between calorie intake and calorie expenditure, the underlying biochemical and metabolic processes that cause obesity are not fully understood. Two earlier volumes dedicated to the subject of obesity, published in the series “Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease” focused on the pathophysiology of obesity-induced health complications and the biochemistry of cardiovascular dysfunction in obesity. This book brings together contributions from international experts in the field to describe advancements on the mechanisms leading to development of obesity and related complications. There are 21 chapters in two different parts in this book, comprising of Part I: Pathophysiologic Mechanisms of Obesity (11 chapters) and Part II: Therapeutic Mechanisms of Obesity (10 chapters). This book will serve as a resource and be of interest to health professionals, medical students, fellows, residents and graduate students. It will also evoke innovative research and effective approaches for the prevention of obesity. This volume will accentuate that obesity is a major health hazard in its own right and that appropriate public health measures should be implemented to prevent or reduce or even reverse the impact of this global chronic disease.
T Regulatory Cells in Human Health and Diseases by Song-Guo Zheng Pdf
This book addresses one of the major challenges of immunology today that is being directed to the translation of the rapidly emerging volume of basic science contributions of immunology to clinical medicine. In so doing, the book systemically introduces and discusses concepts, classifications, phenotypic and functional descriptions of regulatory T (Treg) cells in health and disease. The authors of the 15 chapters were selected from among the most qualified experts in the field of Treg cell research who provide a comprehensive overview of Treg cells and their biology in the ensuing chapters. The beginning chapters provide a useful contemporary classification of Treg cell populations and then progress to chapters that explore basic mechanisms of Treg cell function and epigenetic control. In addition to descriptions of typical CD4+ Foxp3+ cells, other chapters provide detailed presentations of Treg subsets such as CD8+ Tregs and IL-10-producing Tr1 cells. The differences of various Treg subsets, as well as circulating and resident Treg cell populations, are next compared. Importantly, the next chapters provide the clinical correlation of Treg cells with autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, metabolic diseases, cancer and organ transplantation and progress to chapters that highlight emerging innovative technology including nanoparticle-Treg cells and their translational values. In summary, the book will provide a valuable resource not only for graduate students and researchers in the fields of immunology, cell biology and translational medicine but also for all others interested in learning more about Treg cells and their application in human health and disease.
Genomic and Precision Medicine by Geoffrey S. Ginsburg,Huntington F Willard,Sean P. David Pdf
Genomic and Precision Medicine: Primary Care, Third Edition is an invaluable resource on the state-of-the-art tools, technologies and policy issues that are required to fully realize personalized health care in the area of primary care. One of the major areas where genomic and personalized medicine is most active is the realm of the primary care practitioner. Risk, family history, personal genomics and pharmacogenomics are becoming increasingly important to the PCP and their patients, and this book discusses the implications as they relate to primary care practitioners. Presents a comprehensive volume for primary care providers Provides succinct commentary and key learning points that will assist providers with their local needs for the implementation of genomic and personalized medicine Includes a current overview on major opportunities for genomic and personalized medicine in practice Highlights case studies that illustrate the practical use of genomics in the management in patients
Microcirculation in Cardiovascular Diseases by Enrico Agabiti-Rosei,Anthony M. Heagerty,Damiano Rizzoni Pdf
This book offers an extensive review of the most recent data on the pathophysiological role of structural and functional alterations in the microcirculation, particularly focusing on hypertension and diabetes. It covers several relevant and innovative aspects, including the possible mechanisms involved in the development of microvascular remodeling and rarefaction, the technical approaches available for the detection of microvascular alterations, including non-invasive evaluations, the prognostic role of changes in small resistance artery structure, the possibility of preventing or regressing such alterations with appropriate treatment, and the potential clinical advantages of such intervention. A number of innovative areas of research are considered, including the role of the immune system, inflammation and oxidative stress in the development of microvascular alterations. Lastly, it examines the availability of recent non-invasive methods for the evaluation of small resistance artery morphology in the retina, which in the near future may provide a useful tool for the stratification of cardiovascular risk and even for clinical decisions regarding drug treatment, thus providing physicians with a clinically relevant instrument for improving and optimizing the management of hypertensive and diabetic patients. The book provides valuable, clinically relevant information for specialists (cardiology, internal medicine, and endocrinology) and general practitioners, and also offers novel and stimulating data to basic and clinical researchers.
Role of Obesity in Human Health and Disease by Venketeshwer Rao,Leticia Rao Pdf
Many factors influence obesity including genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Studies have shown obesity to be related to increased risk of human diseases. Despite efforts by health professionals to regulate obesity, its prevalence has increased globally in the past few decades. A better understanding of the causes of obesity and mechanisms by which obesity increases the risk of human diseases can lead to developing effective strategies that can save many lives worldwide. This book addresses some important aspects of the relationship between obesity and human health. Chapters cover such topics as body mass index, endocrine disorders, obesity, and endometrial cancer, the role of lifestyle factors in obesity, and much more.
Perivascular Adipose Tissue (PVAT) in Health and Disease by Anonim Pdf
In 1991, Soltis and Cassis (Clin Exp Hypertens A 1991 13:277-296) published the first paper that the fat tissue around an artery - perivascular adipose tissue or PVAT - changed how the artery contracted to norepinephrine. Followed later by important work showing that PVAT itself contained vasoactive molecules, the scientific community recognized that PVAT was not simply a store of fat but is a vasoactive tissue that contributes to the functioning and status of the vessel it surrounds. Our goal for this Frontiers Research Topic is to highlight the significant reach of PVAT in vascular function, from contractility to growth in health and in disease. In doing so, we explicitly place findings that can be taken advantage of in creating new therapies for cardiovascular diseases that continue to challenge our community. These include hypertension, atherosclerosis, and diabetes to name a few.
