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Author : David Frank Ross,J. Don Read,Michael P. Toglia
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 252 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 1994-03-25
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0521432553
Investigates the factors that influence the accuracy of eyewitness testimony.
Author : Stephan J. Ceci,Michael P. Toglia,David F. Ross
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 259 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781468463385
Author : Anthony Heaton-Armstrong,Eric Shepherd,David Wolchover
Publisher : Blackstone Press
Page : 392 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Law
ISBN : 1854317318
The consideration of witness testimony had traditionally been a task left to fact-finders with scant guidance from legal professionals. As a result, various practices have developed during the investigative and trial process which can obscure or even eradicate critical material. Miscarriages of justice will continue to occur, so long as those working within the justice system continue to accept witnesses and their testimony at face value. This book aims to make practitioners, as well as the fact-finders and those who guide them, aware of a wide range of perspectives on witness testimony. Each contributor identifies bad practice and puts forward ideas for improvement or removal of previously acceptable investigative and forensic methods.
Author : A. Daniel Yarmey
Publisher : New York : Free Press
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 1979
Category : Evidence, Criminal
ISBN : UOM:39015000580913
Author : National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Law and Justice,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Technology, and Law,Committee on Scientific Approaches to Understanding and Maximizing the Validity and Reliability of Eyewitness Identification in Law Enforcement and the Courts
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 170 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2015-01-16
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780309310628
Eyewitnesses play an important role in criminal cases when they can identify culprits. Estimates suggest that tens of thousands of eyewitnesses make identifications in criminal investigations each year. Research on factors that affect the accuracy of eyewitness identification procedures has given us an increasingly clear picture of how identifications are made, and more importantly, an improved understanding of the principled limits on vision and memory that can lead to failure of identification. Factors such as viewing conditions, duress, elevated emotions, and biases influence the visual perception experience. Perceptual experiences are stored by a system of memory that is highly malleable and continuously evolving, neither retaining nor divulging content in an informational vacuum. As such, the fidelity of our memories to actual events may be compromised by many factors at all stages of processing, from encoding to storage and retrieval. Unknown to the individual, memories are forgotten, reconstructed, updated, and distorted. Complicating the process further, policies governing law enforcement procedures for conducting and recording identifications are not standard, and policies and practices to address the issue of misidentification vary widely. These limitations can produce mistaken identifications with significant consequences. What can we do to make certain that eyewitness identification convicts the guilty and exonerates the innocent? Identifying the Culprit makes the case that better data collection and research on eyewitness identification, new law enforcement training protocols, standardized procedures for administering line-ups, and improvements in the handling of eyewitness identification in court can increase the chances that accurate identifications are made. This report explains the science that has emerged during the past 30 years on eyewitness identifications and identifies best practices in eyewitness procedures for the law enforcement community and in the presentation of eyewitness evidence in the courtroom. In order to continue the advancement of eyewitness identification research, the report recommends a focused research agenda. Identifying the Culprit will be an essential resource to assist the law enforcement and legal communities as they seek to understand the value and the limitations of eyewitness identification and make improvements to procedures.
Author : Michael P. Toglia,David F. Ross,Joanna Pozzulo,Emily Pica
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 451 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2014-02-18
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781317643685
The majority of research on eyewitness memory has traditionally studied children and young adults. By contrast, this volume is designed to provide an overview of empirical research on the cognitive, social, and health related factors that impact the accuracy of eyewitness testimony given by the elderly. The book takes a lifespan developmental perspective that incorporates research on witnesses of all ages, but uses the findings to focus on issues unique to the elderly. This includes research on recognition memory with lineup identifications and recall memory that occurs when an elderly witness is asked to describe an event in court. The Elderly Eyewitness also examines jurors’ reactions to the testimony of an elderly witness, and the legal and social policy issues that emerge when the elderly witness participate in legal proceedings. While reviewing what is known about the elderly witness, the book also provides a direction for future research into this new frontier of scientific inquiry. Its audience spans researchers in cognitive and developmental psychology, and professionals working in the growing area of psychology and law.
Author : Stephen J. Ceci,David F. Ross,Michael P. Toglia
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 322 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781461388326
Perspectives on Children's Testimony presents current empirical research on the factors which influence adults' perceptions of the child witness. This volume provides researchers in both the psychological and the criminal justice communities with knowledge about adult beliefs regarding child witnesses, how these beliefs may influence jury verdicts, and the relationship of these perceptions to the credibility and accuracy of children's testimony. A variety of new techniques are employed in assessing adult views of child witnesses. Special features of the volume include: an in-depth treatment of techniques of interviewing child victims of sexual abuse, an examination of children's perceptions and knowledge of the legal system, and critical and theoretical integrations of the original, empirical papers.
Author : Susan O. White
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 458 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2001-01-31
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0306463393
When approached by Plenum to put together a volume of social science research on the topic of "youth and justice," I found the interdisciplinary challenge of such a project intriguing. Having spent 2 years as Director of the Law and Social Science Program at the National Science Foundation, I was well aware of the rich diversity of research that could fit within that topic. I also knew that excellent research on youth and justice was coming from different communities of researchers who often were isolated from each other in their respective disciplines as psychologists, sociologists, criminologists, or policy analysts. I saw this project as an opportunity to break down some of this isolation by introducing these researchers-and their work-to each other and to the broader community of social scientists interested in law and justice. There was another gap, or set of gaps, to be bridged as well. The juvenile justice system and the criminal justice system differ in significant ways, and the civil justice system, which is a major venue for issues of youth and justice, is yet another separate world. Few researchers are likely to know the whole picture. For example, a focus on juvenile justice often ignores the extent to which civil justice proceedings shape the lives of young people through divorce, custody, adoption, family preservation policies, and other actions (and vice versa).
Author : Brian L. Cutler,Steven D. Penrod
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 306 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 1995-08-25
Category : Law
ISBN : 0521445728
Examines traditional safeguards against mistaken eyewitness identification.
Author : Irving B. Weiner,Allen K. Hess
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 914 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2006-04-20
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780471746812
This is a fully-revised and updated version of the top academic work in forensic psychology. Focussed mainly on the practical aspects of forensics, this volume provides all readers need to know to be effective practioners. Detailed sections cover both civil and criminal forensic practice; forensic report writing; treating mental illness in the incarcerated; andethicsal issues. Contributors are the best-known and most respected practitioners in the field from the US and Canada. All chapters are completely revised from the previous edition, including 6 which have new authors. Forensic psychology is one of the fastest-growing specialties in the field. Its practitioners are able to avoid managed care and structured settings, and they often focus on assessment, rather than long-term treatment of clients. With the growing public interest in all things forensic, most graduate programs in psychology have added at least one course in forensic psychology over the past few years; and more established professionals are entering the field every day.
Author : Joanna Pozzulo
Publisher : American Psychological Association (APA)
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : BUSINESS & ECONOMICS
ISBN : 143382292X
Every year, numerous crimes occur involving child eyewitnesses. In some cases, children are the only eyewitnesses, which makes them especially critical for solving the cases. But how reliable is child eyewitness evidence? This book summarises the research on how well children can describe an event and perpetrator (which is a recall task) and how well they can identify the perpetrator in person or in photographs (which is a recognition task). It shows that although children may be less advanced in these skills than adults, they nonetheless can provide invaluable evidence. Pozzulo interprets the research in light of developmental theories, and notes practical implications for forensic investigations. In particular, the chapters highlight interviewing techniques to facilitate accurate recall and lineup techniques to facilitate accurate recognition. This book is an essential resource for all forensic investigators.
Author : James Michael Lampinen,Jeffrey S. Neuschatz,Andrew D. Cling
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 348 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2012-04-27
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781136247125
This volume provides a tutorial review and evaluation of scientific research on the accuracy and reliability of eyewitness identification. The book starts with the perspective that there are a variety of conceptual and empirical problems with eyewitness identification as a form of forensic evidence, just as there are a variety of problems with other forms of forensic evidence. There is then an examination of the important results in the study of eyewitness memory and the implications of this research for psychological theory and for social and legal policy. The volume takes the perspective that research on eyewitness identification can be seen as the paradigmatic example of how psychological science can be successfully applied to real-world problems.
Author : Andrew M. Smith,Michael P. Toglia,James Michael Lampinen
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 423 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2021-02-25
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781000334159
Methods, Measures, and Theories in Eyewitness Recognition Tasks provides a comprehensive review of the fundamental issues surrounding eyewitness recognition phenomena alongside suggestions for developing a more methodologically rigorous eyewitness science. Over the past 40 years, the field of eyewitness science has seen substantial advancement in eyewitness identification procedures, yet theoretical and methodological developments have fallen behind. Featuring contributions from prominent international scholars, this book examines methodological and theoretical limitations and explores important topics, including how to increase the accuracy of identifying perpetrators when using CCTV images, how to create more identifiable facial composites, and the differences in accuracy between younger and older eyewitnesses. Providing in-depth discussion on the limitations of traditional lineups, eyewitness memory fallibility, and the complications that arise when using laboratory simulations, along with suggestions for new methods, this book will be an invaluable resource for researchers in eyewitness recognition, lawyers, players in the criminal justice system, members of innocence commissions, and researchers with interests in cognitive psychology.
Author : Brian L. Cutler
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2009-08-27
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0199736634
Eyewitness testimony is highly compelling in a criminal trial, and can have an indelible impact on jurors. However, two decades of research on the subject have shown us that eyewitnesses are sometimes wrong, even when they are highly confident that they are making correct identifications. This book brings together an impressive group of researchers and practicing attorneys to provide current overviews and critiques of key topics in eyewitness testimony.
Author : Michael P. Toglia,David F. Ross,Joanna Pozzulo,Emily Pica
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 405 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2014-02-18
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781317803003
The majority of research on eyewitness memory has traditionally studied children and young adults. By contrast, this volume is designed to provide an overview of empirical research on the cognitive, social, and health related factors that impact the accuracy of eyewitness testimony given by the elderly. The book takes a lifespan developmental perspective that incorporates research on witnesses of all ages, but uses the findings to focus on issues unique to the elderly. This includes research on recognition memory with lineup identifications and recall memory that occurs when an elderly witness is asked to describe an event in court. The Elderly Eyewitness also examines jurors’ reactions to the testimony of an elderly witness, and the legal and social policy issues that emerge when the elderly witness participate in legal proceedings. While reviewing what is known about the elderly witness, the book also provides a direction for future research into this new frontier of scientific inquiry. Its audience spans researchers in cognitive and developmental psychology, and professionals working in the growing area of psychology and law.