Agriculture And Economic Transformation In The Middle East And North Africa A Review Of The Past With Lessons For The Future

Author : Nin-Pratt, Alejandro,El-Enbaby, Hoda,Figueroa, Jose Luis,ElDidi, Hagar,Breisinger, Clemens
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 114 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2017-12-31
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780896292956

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Agriculture and economic transformation in the Middle East and North Africa: A review of the past with lessons for the future by Nin-Pratt, Alejandro,El-Enbaby, Hoda,Figueroa, Jose Luis,ElDidi, Hagar,Breisinger, Clemens Pdf

The agriculture sector is key for economic and social development, but the sector’s potential has not received enough attention from policy makers and stakeholders in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Political transitions, instability, and the resulting refugee crisis have shifted focus away from other pressing development challenges, including slow progress in economic diversification, high unemployment, and persistent high food insecurity and rural poverty. Despite its small contribution to GDP, agriculture is strategic for sustainable development in the MENA countries. Agriculture, for example, is central to achieve food and water security in a region characterized as one of the most food insecure and water scarce in the world. The sector’s role in employment is also central, given the region’s high structural unemployment. However, it will not be possible for MENA countries to develop agriculture without a pathway to structural economic transformation. The region has already started the process of transformation but longstanding challenges remain. This report aims to examine the drivers, constraints, and social implications of agricultural development in MENA and to explore possible cornerstones for new and sustainable development strategies in the context of economic transformation. More specifically, the report provides answers to the following questions: • What development strategies and policies did governments in MENA put in place over the past three decades and how did they affect the performance of agriculture? • How did the structural characteristics of the MENA countries affect agricultural development and the economic transformation process in the region? • What did we learn from the past performance of agriculture? What should be the central elements guiding future agricultural policies? • What are elements of a new and sustainable development strategy in MENA countries? • What is the role of agriculture and agro-industries for development in MENA?

Author : Borgomeo, Edoardo,Santos, N.
Publisher : International Water Management Institute (IWMI)
Page : 140 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2019-12-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789290908876

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Towards a new generation of policies and investments in agricultural water in the Arab region by Borgomeo, Edoardo,Santos, N. Pdf

Author : Habib Ayeb,Ray Bush
Publisher : Anthem Press
Page : 181 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2019-09-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781785270895

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Food Insecurity and Revolution in the Middle East and North Africa by Habib Ayeb,Ray Bush Pdf

‘Food Insecurity and Revolution in the Middle East and North Africa’ studies the political economy of agrarian transformation in the eponymous regions. Examining Egypt and Tunisia in detail as case studies, it critiques the dominant tropes of food security offered by the international financial institutions and promotes the importance of small-scale family farming in developing sustainable food sovereignty. Egypt and Tunisia are located in the context of the broader Middle East and broader processes of war, environmental transformation and economic reform. The book contributes to uncovering the historical backdrop and contemporary pressures in the Middle East and North Africa for the uprisings of 2010 and 2011. It also explores the continued failure of post-uprising counter-revolutionary governments to directly address issues of rural development that put the position and role of small farmers centre stage.

Author : Slim Zekri
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 202 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2020-01-20
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783030292744

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Water Policies in MENA Countries by Slim Zekri Pdf

The book provides an overview on national policies and regulations related to water resource management in the Middle East and North African countries (MENA), where water scarcity problems are critical. The physical/natural constraints, socio-economic and political circumstances make the MENA region a sort of ‘laboratory’ for natural resource management and particularly water management. The book provides a good comparison on how neighboring countries with quite similar natural constraints and cultures are addressing water problems in different ways. It enlightens water resource specialists on successful experiences around the region and show cases the reforms undertaken in the water sector to meet the challenges posed by urbanization, food security, water pollution and climate change. The book constitutes nine chapters, seven of them with content from the main MENA countries. It starts with an introductory chapter that provides background information on the region’s water resources with descriptive statistics and historical developments of the water sector. It ends with a chapter that summarizes the policy implications and main conclusions on the way forward for sustainable management of water in MENA countries.

Author : Perez, Nicostrato D.,Kassim, Yumna,Ringler, Claudia,Thomas, Timothy S.,ElDidi, Hagar,Breisinger, Clemens
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 56 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2021-09-24
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780896294189

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Climate-resilience policies and investments for Egypt’s agriculture sector: Sustaining productivity and food security by Perez, Nicostrato D.,Kassim, Yumna,Ringler, Claudia,Thomas, Timothy S.,ElDidi, Hagar,Breisinger, Clemens Pdf

The importance of a resilient agriculture sector in providing food security, livelihoods, and household income was highlighted in many countries by the recent pandemic, as was the capacity of the sector to cushion the negative impacts of the subsequent economic slowdown. This has been the case in Egypt, where agriculture has been resilient to the health crisis in comparison with the service and industry sectors (Breisinger et al. 2020). However, the sector’s resiliency is gradually being corroded by climate change, with lasting, harmful effects for agriculture and food systems.

Author : Elmahdi, A., Badawy, A., Alejandro Paltan Lopez, H.
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 88 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2022-06-27
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789251363256

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Addressing the water challenges in the agriculture sector in Near East and North Africa by Elmahdi, A., Badawy, A., Alejandro Paltan Lopez, H. Pdf

The background paper entitled “Addressing the water challenges in the agriculture sector in Near East and North Africa (NENA)” is part of a series of background papers that supported the production of the regional publication "State of Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture (SOLAW) in the Near East and North Africa Region". The paper reports on the issues, responses and monitoring progress in relation to supporting the region to maintain local agricultural production with less water.

Author : Roberta Gatti,Daniel Lederman,Asif Islam,Federico Bennett,Bo Pieter Johannes Andree,Hoda Assem,Rana Lotfi,Mennatallah Mousa
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 72 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2023-04-06
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781464819742

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Altered Destinies by Roberta Gatti,Daniel Lederman,Asif Islam,Federico Bennett,Bo Pieter Johannes Andree,Hoda Assem,Rana Lotfi,Mennatallah Mousa Pdf

Growth is forecasted to slow down for the Middle East and North Africa region. The war in Ukraine in 2022 exacerbated inflationary pressures as the world recovered from the COVID 19 pandemic-induced recession. The response by central banks to raise rates to curb inflation is slowing economic activity, while rising food prices are making it difficult for families to put meals on the table. Inflation, when it stems from food prices, hits the poor harder than the rich. Moreover, food insecurity in MENA has been rising over decades. The immediate effects of food insecurity can be a devastating loss of life, but even temporary increases in food prices can cause long-term irreversible damages, especially to children. The rise in food prices due to the war in Ukraine may have altered the destinies of thousands of children in the region, setting them on paths to limited prosperity. Food insecurity imposes challenges to a region where the state of child nutrition and health were inadequate before the shocks from the COVID-19 pandemic. The report discusses policy options and highlights the need for data to guide effective decision making.

Author : Breisinger, Clemens,Mukashov, Askar,Raouf, Mariam,Wiebelt, Manfred
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 37 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2018-02-21
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Phasing out energy subsidies as part of Egypt’s economic reform program: Impacts and policy implications by Breisinger, Clemens,Mukashov, Askar,Raouf, Mariam,Wiebelt, Manfred Pdf

In order to address long-standing economic challenges, in 2016 the Government of Egypt (GOE) put in place a major economic reform program to restore macroeconomic stability and to promote inclusive growth. As a result, there are early signs that the economy is rebounding and Egypt’s economic outlook is becoming more favorable. However, it is less clear how the ongoing reform program is affecting households, especially the poor. To shed light on this question, this paper uses an economy-wide model to estimate the distributional impacts of the energy subsidy cuts in 2014, 2016, and 2017, the currency devaluation at the end of 2016, and the expected complete phasing out of energy subsidies over the coming years.

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 64 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2023-07-27
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789251379134

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Advancing rural advisory services in Arab countries to promote market orientation and inclusive transformation by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf

Small-scale family farmers are the backbone of rural communities in the Near East and North Africa (NENA) region. Despite their extensive participation in the agricultural sector, these types of farmers and their farms are disproportionately affected by poverty, ultimately constituting about 70 percent of the poorliving in the region. Apart from adverse agroclimatic conditions, smallscale farmers experience several challenges that stem from their limited assets, land fragmentation and weak capacities, with negative impacts on their productivity, profitability and income. Specific constraints include low volume and quality of produce, high transaction costs, high costs of inputs, low prices and weak access to market information and postharvest facilities – all of which adds up to a limited ability to reach and compete in markets. Small-scale farmers need services that enable them to make informed decisions and facilitate their access to quality inputs, post-harvest facilities and more profitable markets. They also need to reinforce their capacities to act collectively and develop effective organizations that can articulate their demands, amplify their voice, and facilitate their access to services and markets. As a result of persisting gender-based social norms, women typically face more challenges than men in terms of owning assets, accessing quality inputs and services, reaching markets and achieving fair prices.

Author : Dean A. DeRosa
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 54 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Africa, North
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Agricultural Trade and Rural Development in the Middle East and North Africa by Dean A. DeRosa Pdf

Author : International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 166 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2019-03-27
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780896293502

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2019 Global food policy report by International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Pdf

IFPRI’s flagship report reviews the major food policy issues, developments, and decisions of 2018, and considers challenges and opportunities for 2019. This year’s Global Food Policy Report highlights the urgency of rural revitalization to address a growing crisis in rural areas. Rural people around the world continue to struggle with food insecurity, persistent poverty and inequality, and environmental degradation. Policies, institutions, and investments that take advantage of new opportunities and technologies, increase access to basic services, create more and better rural jobs, foster gender equality, and restore the environment can make rural areas vibrant and healthy places to live and work. Drawing on recent findings, IFPRI researchers and other distinguished food policy experts consider critical aspects of rural revitalization.

Author : R.K. Gaur,Pradeep Sharma,Henryk Czosnek
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 704 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2022-05-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780323907118

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Geminivirus: Detection, Diagnosis and Management by R.K. Gaur,Pradeep Sharma,Henryk Czosnek Pdf

Geminivirus: Detection, Diagnosis and Management focuses on the latest techniques for managing diseases caused by these circular, single-stranded (ss) DNA genomes. The most significant impact of plant diseases in host populations is often caused by emerging diseases, whose incidence in a plant host is increasing as a result of long-term changes in their underlying epidemiology. Genetic changes in pathogen and host populations, as well as changes in host ecology and environment, are major factors contributing to disease emergence. Understanding plant virus evolution is crucial for modeling the within-host and between-host dynamics and genetics of virus populations. The book presents a comprehensive review of how these viruses develop, including contributing factors such as population bottlenecks during cell-to-cell movement, systemic colonization, or between-host transmission by different procedures. Presented in five sections—Detection and Diagnosis, Emergence and Diversity, Vector and Transmission, Virus–Host Interaction, and Disease Management, the book includes host range determinant and virulence factors involved in pathogenesis, virus–vector interactions during acquisition, retention, and transmission and evaluating management strategies to control Geminivirus. The book is an essential reference for students and researchers interested in plant virology, particularly begomoviruses, geminiviruses, and vector transmission biology. Introduces identification and characterization of geminiviruses that infect agricultural crops, their wild relatives, and weed hosts Discusses recombination and reassortment mechanisms influencing viral genetic diversity, virulence, and vector transmission Explores the origin, evolution, and bottlenecks of Geminiviruses Introduces identification and characterization of geminiviruses that infect agricultural crops, their wild relatives, and weed hosts Discusses recombination and reassortment mechanisms influencing viral genetic diversity, virulence, and vector transmission Explores the origin, evolution, and bottlenecks of Geminiviruses

Author : Raouf, Mariam,Randriamamonjy, Josée,Engelke, Wilfried,Kebsi, Tarek Al,Tandon, Sharad A.,Wiebelt, Manfred,Breisinger, Clemens
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 38 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2024-05-23
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Regionalized Social Accounting Matrix for Yemen: A 2014 Nexus project SAM by Raouf, Mariam,Randriamamonjy, Josée,Engelke, Wilfried,Kebsi, Tarek Al,Tandon, Sharad A.,Wiebelt, Manfred,Breisinger, Clemens Pdf

A Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) is a representation of an economy that shows the circular flow of all transfers and real transactions between sectors and institutions. The SAM, which is a square matrix, describes the flows of incomes from activities, taking the form of factor remunerations, that are consequently received by the households for consumption on goods and services. The accounts in the SAM are the production activities, commodities, institutions, and factors of production. According to data availability, the production activities can be further disaggregated to include more detailed information on sub-sectoral or regional production. Similarly, the factors of production could be differentiated by the level of skills or the location of employment. Households can be disaggregated by income quintiles or by rural and urban residence.

Author : Raffaella A. Del Sarto
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 205 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2021
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780198833550

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Borderlands by Raffaella A. Del Sarto Pdf

The study proposes a different understanding of the complex relationship between Europe and the Mediterranean Middle East and North Africa, it challenges the conventional wisdom on Europe's benevolent foreign policy and the image of 'Fortress Europe' alike.

Author : Breisinger, Clemens,Raouf, Mariam,Thurlow, James,Wiebelt, Manfred
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 27 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2019-03-21
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Beyond the business case for agricultural value chain development: An economywide approach applied to Egypt by Breisinger, Clemens,Raouf, Mariam,Thurlow, James,Wiebelt, Manfred Pdf

This paper goes beyond the “business” case for agricultural value chain development and presents an economy-wide framework to make the “development” case. We show that there are several key transmission channels that determine the economy-wide impacts of promoting various value chains, including forward and backward economic linkages, price responses, and net employment effects. These impacts all matter for household incomes, poverty, and dietary diversity. Results for Egypt show that agricultural value chain development generates economy-wide growth as well as growth in the agri-food system, but the impacts on employment suggest that agricultural growth can create new (and better) jobs in and beyond the agri-food system, but not necessarily more jobs. The results also show that productivity-driven agricultural growth in all crops is pro-poor and improves nutrition. However, potential adverse effects of livestock-led growth show that growth acceleration in single sectors can be negative, highlighting the importance of a systems analysis or, in our case, an economy-wide analysis. It is clear that no single sub-sector is best at achieving all the development outcomes examined. Moreover, the ranking of value chains by their development outcomes differs across sub-national regions. As such, results from this paper may provide useful decision support for the government and its development partners to select value chains depending on their priority development outcomes.