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Author : David S. Wyman
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 484 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Abandonment of the Jews
ISBN : WISC:89062200480
Author : United States. War Refugee Board
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 88 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 1945
Category : Electronic
ISBN : STANFORD:36105026888821
Author : David S. Wyman
Publisher : Facsimiles-Garl
Page : 560 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : History
ISBN : WISC:89062200506
Author : Rafael Medoff
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2017-11
Category : Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)
ISBN : 1973705737
In the final, desperate months of the Holocaust, a small U.S. government agency raced against the clock to save Jews from the Nazis. Despite President Franklin D. Roosevelt's disinterest and the State Department's obstruction, the men and women of the War Refugee Board successfully employed unorthodox means of rescue. They bribed border officials, produced forged identification papers, arranged to have Jewish refugees moved out of dangerous regions, and used psychological warfare to disrupt Hungary's cooperation in the deportations to Auschwitz. It was the War Refugee Board that persuaded Raoul Wallenberg to go to Nazi-occupied Budapest, and financed his heroic life-saving activities there. Reflecting later on what they did, the board's senior staff lamented that their efforts came "almost too late" and achieved "too little." Yet the War Refugee Board played a major role in the rescue of an estimated 200,000 Jewish refugees. Too Little, and Almost Too Late is the first scholarly book about this extraordinary and little-known chapter in the history of the Holocaust. It demonstrates how even a handful of good people can make a real difference. Too Little, and Almost Too Late was authored by noted Holocaust historian Dr. Rafael Medoff, with additional essays by other leading scholars in the field of America's response to the Holocaust. The foreword is by Prof. Walter Reich, former executive director of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
Author : Rebecca Erbelding
Publisher : Anchor
Page : 402 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2019-03-12
Category : History
ISBN : 9780525433743
Featured historian in the Ken Burns documentary The U.S. and the Holocaust on PBS • WINNER OF THE NATIONAL JEWISH BOOK AWARD • In this remarkable work of historical reclamation, Holocaust historian Rebecca Erbelding pieces together years of research and newly uncovered archival materials to tell the dramatic story of America’s little-known efforts to save the Jews of Europe. “An invaluable addition to the literature of the Holocaust.” —Andrew Nagorski, author of The Nazi Hunters and Hitlerland “Brilliantly brings to life the gripping, little-known story of [a] transformative moment in American history and the crusading young government lawyers who made it happen.” —Lynne Olson, New York Times bestselling author of Last Hope Island For more than a decade, a harsh Congressional immigration policy kept most Jewish refugees out of America, even as Hitler and the Nazis closed in. In 1944, the United States finally acted. That year, Franklin D. Roosevelt created the War Refugee Board, and put a young Treasury lawyer named John Pehle in charge. Over the next twenty months, Pehle pulled together a team of D.C. pencil pushers, international relief workers, smugglers, diplomats, millionaires, and rabble-rousers to run operations across four continents and a dozen countries. Together, they tricked the Nazis, forged identity papers, maneuvered food and medicine into concentration camps, recruited spies, leaked news stories, laundered money, negotiated ransoms, and funneled millions of dollars into Europe. They bought weapons for the French Resistance and sliced red tape to allow Jewish refugees to escape to Palestine. “A landmark achievement, Rescue Board is the first history of the War Refugee Board. Meticulously researched and poignantly narrated, Rescue Board analyzes policies and practices while never losing sight of the human beings involved: the officials who sought to help and the victims in desperate need. Top-notch history: original and riveting.” —Debórah Dwork, founding director of the Strassler Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Clark University, and coauthor of Flight from the Reich: Refugee Jews, 1933–1946
Author : David S. Wyman
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 494 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Abandonment of the Jews
ISBN : WISC:89062200464
Author : David S. Wyman
Publisher : Plunkett Lake Press
Page : 270 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2019-07-31
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
“Paper Walls was the first scholarly book to deal with the question of America’s response to the Nazi assault on the European Jews. A revised version of my Ph.D. dissertation at Harvard University, it was originally published in 1968... Those times were very different from these. There was little public receptivity to Holocaust studies then, and only limited academic interest... The scholarly reviews, of which there were several, were favorable. But the general press paid little attention to the book... A pioneer in its field, Paper Walls first established the thesis that three features of American society in the 1930’s and 1940’s were key to understanding the nation’s inadequate response to the refugee crisis. They were anti-Semitism, nativistic nationalism, and the unemployment problem of the Great Depression. This basic concept has been followed in all the succeeding scholarly literature on the topic. This concept is also the main legacy from Paper Walls to my more recent book, The Abandonment of the Jews: America and the Holocaust, 1941-1945 (1984). AlthoughAbandonment stands as a complete study in its own right, it is in fact the sequel toPaper Walls. It is a continuation of the history of America’s reaction to the plight of the European Jews in the Nazi era.” — David S. Wyman, Preface to the 1985 paperback edition of Paper Walls “[A] thorough study of American refugee policy from 1938 to 1941... On the basis of Wyman’s book, the United States stands indicted for a tragic failure to live up to its nineteenth-century ideal of asylum... Though Wyman makes no effort to disguise his strong sympathy for the refugees, his book... gives a careful and well-documented history of American refugee policy... The state department — above all Assistant Secretary of State Breckinridge Long — emerges from his pages as the primary culprit... The attitude displayed by... the foreign service... led to the creation of the paper walls that Wyman so honestly and tragically describes in this important book.” — Robert A. Divine, Journal of American History “The first scholarly examination of American refugee policy between 1938 and 1941... What Wyman sets out to do he does extremely well. Paper Walls is a worthwhile addition to our growing knowledge of the policy of those who bore witness to the Holocaust.” — Henry L. Feingold, American Jewish Historical Quarterly “No one who reads this book will be able to ignore the fact that blatant antisemitism in the United States — from the public, from Congress, and from within the State Department — prevented our government from giving more than minimal assistance to the Jewish refugees... Professor Wyman has done an immense amount of research in primary and secondary sources and Paper Walls is extraordinarily sound and superbly documented. It is tightly written, well-organized, and logically presented.” — Leonard Dinnerstein, Jewish Social Studies “The conclusions of the book are stark and simple: ‘The half-filled quotas of mid-1940 to mid-1941, when refugee rescue remained entirely feasible, symbolize 20,000 to 25,000 lives lost...’ In the eight years from 1933 to 1941, about 250,000 refugees found safety here. The total is not small, but neither is the country which received them.” — Raul Hilberg, Political Science Quarterly “Generally [President Roosevelt] left refugee policy to the disposition of a hostile Congress and the State Department. Yet, as the author points out, neither Roosevelt, the State Department, nor Congress can be blamed entirely for what happened. ‘Viewed within the context of its times, United States refugee policy from 1938 to the end of 1941 was essentially what the American people wanted.’ In December 1938 only 8.7 per cent of the respondents to a Roper poll favored entry of a larger number of European refugees than the quota law allowed; fully 83 per cent were flatly opposed. This book tells a dismal story. While it is dear where the author’s sympathies lie, he tells the story with restraint; if anything, his approach and writing style underplay the pathos involved... Wyman has given us a scholarly description and analysis of the first act of the tragedy, which he promises to carry on through the war and postwar years.” — J. Joseph Huthmacher, The American Historical Review “This thoroughly documented study of the United States policies in regard to the refugee crisis of 1938-1941 is the best available source in this field and on that period. Drawing on material from some well known as well as several previously untapped sources, Wyman discusses both the ambiguous role of particular figures and organizations and the underlying forces at work in American society which influenced governmental policy and practices; anti-semitism, nativism, fear of unemployment and of Nazi subversives are shown as the major pressure to which America’s people and leaders succumbed.” — Joseph S. Roucek, The International Migration Review “This is a depressing topic impressively researched. Professor Wyman has investigated almost all the relevant primary and secondary materials in order to recount the tragic story of America’s indifference to the hundreds of thousands of refugees fleeing Hitler’s Europe... Over two-thirds of Americans desired to keep the Jewish refugees out of the United Stales. Wyman argues that this sentiment was due to three sources: ‘nativism, anti-Semitism, and economic insecurity’... There is enough evidence in Wyman’s book to cause the Statue of Liberty to collapse for lack of moral foundation.” — John P. Diggins, The Historian “Professor Wyman skillfully investigates and thoughtfully analyzes the complexities of the crisis and the reasons why more was not done to aid the refugees in the crucial period between 1938 and 1941... The author examines the problem thoroughly from a number of standpoints... The State Department, the Congress, and the President really were reflecting the attitudes of the American people, who, Wyman asserts, were indifferent and even antagonistic to the refugees [because of] the economic insecurity engendered by the depression, nativistic nationalism, and anti-Semitism. A well-researched and lucidly, if not dispassionately, written book, Paper Walls is a sound, workmanlike study of a significant episode in our nation’s recent past.” — E. Berkeley Tompkins, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
Author : Michael N. Dobkowski
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 502 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 1982
Category : History
ISBN : UOM:39015046334986
A collection of documents, divided thematically and provided with short introductory notes, showing the indifference and lack of action on the part of the U.S. government concerning the admission of refugees from Nazi Germany and Nazi-controlled territories of Central Europe between 1933-45, as well as anti-immigrant (including anti-Jewish) sentiments in the U.S. at the time. Examines the U.S.'s lack of proper cooperation with the League of Nations' High Commission for Refugees, the U.S. delegation at the Evian Conference, the Bermuda Conference, the U.S. State Department as a force that impeded the admission of refugees, and the activities of the War Refugee Board in 1944-45. Ch. 7 (p. 258-337), "Anti-Refugee Sentiment", contains results of a number of public opinion surveys held between 1936-45, showing that more than two-thirds of Americans did not want to admit refugees and that anti-Jewish sentiments were high. This chapter, along with ch. 8 (p. 338-390), "Send These to Me: Pro-Refugee Sentiment in America", present excerpts from the Congressional debates concerning the Wagner-Rogers Bill of February 1939 suggesting the admission of 10,000 refugee children under the age of 14 in 1939-40. The Bill was rejected.
Author : David S. Wyman
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Abandonment of the Jews
ISBN : WISC:89062200472
Author : Rafael Medoff
Publisher : U of Nebraska Press
Page : 568 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2022-05
Category : History
ISBN : 9780827618923
The first comprehensive volume to teach about America's response to the Holocaust through visual media, America and the Holocaust: A Documentary History explores the complex subject through the lens of one hundred important documents that help illuminate and amplify key episodes and issues. Each chapter pivots on five key documents: two in image form and three in text form. Individual introductions that contextualize the documents are followed by explanatory text, analysis of historical implications, and suggestions for further reading. A concluding state-of-the-field essay documents how scholars have arrived at the presented information. A complementary teacher's guide with questions for discussion is available online. The twenty chapters address a broad range of subjects and events, among them America's response to Hitler's rise, U.S. public opinion about Jews, immigration policy, the Wagner-Rogers bill to save children, American rescuers, news coverage of atrocities, American Jewish and Christian responses to the Holocaust, the campaign for U.S. rescue action, the question of bombing Auschwitz, and liberation. Viewing real documents as a means to understanding core issues will deepen reader involvement with this material. High school and college students as well as general readers of all levels of knowledge will be engaged in understanding this crucial chapter in American history and weighing questions regarding mass atrocities in our own era.
Author : Heather Voight
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 198 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)
ISBN : 0990305201
Passionate Crusaders tells the gripping story of a few righteous Americans who sought to do what many thought impossible in 1944-save Jews who had not yet been murdered in the Holocaust. By January 1944, Treasury Department officials Henry Morgenthau, John Pehle, and Josiah DuBois had already convinced President Franklin Roosevelt to create the War Refugee Board, an agency with the authority to provide rescue and relief for Jews and other groups persecuted by the Nazis. Scholars have criticized the Board for its inability to save more Jews and maintained that the agency should have been created sooner. Heather Voight's groundbreaking research proves that despite its shortcomings, the War Refugee Board changed history and forever altered American foreign policy. Its creation ended the cycle of indifference that the government and the American public had shown to victims of the Holocaust. In the words of Henry Morgenthau, from 1944-1945 "crusaders, passionately persuaded of the need for speed and action" risked their reputations and sometimes their lives to save Jews. In addition to saving more than 100,000 lives, Board members also made a lasting impact on international law. They pressured the War Crimes Commission to broaden its definition of war crimes by including the murder of civilians by their own countrymen. This new definition of war crimes was applied to genocides committed many decades later in Bosnia and Rwanda, and continues to be used today. "[Passionate Crusaders] shows that the efforts of an honorable and courageous few can create small steps to change history. This detailed, well-told, and inspiring story will be of value to students of the Holocaust, American history, and human rights." -From the Foreword by Dr. Leon Stein, Professor Emeritus of History and Education Director Emeritus, Illinois Holocaust Museum and Education Center.
Author : David S. Wyman
Publisher : Plunkett Lake Press
Page : 525 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2019-07-31
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
In this landmark study, a sequel to Paper Walls: America and the Refugee Crisis, 1939-1941, his study of America’s restrictive pre-World War II immigration policies, David S. Wyman documents how FDR’s administration, especially the State Department, refused to undertake serious efforts to rescue European Jews from the Holocaust, and argues that a commitment to rescue by the United States could have saved several hundred thousand victims from the Nazis. The definitive work on its subject, this book won the National Jewish Book Award, theAnisfield-Wolf Award, the Present Tense Literary Award, the Stuart Bernath Prize from the Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations, and the Theodore Saloutos Award of the Immigration History Society, and was nominated for the National Book Critics Circle Award. “[Wyman’s] earlier work on prewar American attitudes to refugees from Hitler’s expanding Reich, Paper Walls: America and the Refugee Crisis, 1938-1941, has admirably equipped him to pursue the shameful story into the war years, when the incredulity of those in a position to know, the deliberate obstructionism of xenophobic and anti-Semitic officials and extravagant bureaucratic infighting within the Jewish community no less than in Government meant not merely agonizing delay but death for thousands who could have been rescued. His research in widely scattered sources meticulously reconstructs a complex story from which very few individuals emerge with credit, and some, notably President Franklin D. Roosevelt, stand clearly indicted for a cold indifference in practice utterly at variance with lofty humanitarian sentiments publicly proclaimed for political advantage... Mr. Wyman’s analysis, exemplary in its clarity and thoroughness... [adopts a] judicious tone and preference for marshaling evidence rather than apportioning blame. That evidence is... cumulatively devastating, implicating both passive bystanders and perpetrators in the vast crime that Mr. Wyman, himself a non-Jew, reminds us was a tragedy not only for the Jewish people but for all human beings.” — A. J. Sherman, The New York Times “[Wyman] subjects the American record during the Holocaust to the closest scrutiny it has yet received... It is the meticulously documented detail that makes the impact of his book shocking, disturbing and unforgettable... The documents that Mr. Wyman quotes in grim abundance — cold-blooded private memoranda, pettifogging evasions, flagrant lies — establish beyond any possible doubt that neither the relevant State Department officers nor their opposite numbers in the British Foreign Office had the slightest intention of allowing more than a token handful of Jews to be rescued.” — John Gross, The New York Times “A monumental volume: sweeping in its scope, stunning in its insight, and enduring in its importance... A damning indictment.” — Wall Street Journal “One of the most powerful books I have ever read.” — Senator Paul Simon “Impressively researched, balanced in its judgments, devastating in its discussion of untaken opportunities, and informed by an essentially moral purpose, The Abandonment of the Jews makes a clear, largely persuasive argument.” — Richard S. Levy, Commentary Magazine “Never before has the evidence been marshaled so painstakingly, with such meticulous scholarship and to such effect.” — Washington Post Book World “A telling account of one of the sorriest episodes in world history... we will not see a better book on this subject in our lifetime.” — Leonard Dinnerstein, The Journal of American History “[A] landmark study... Objective and dispassionate, the book is a model of historical writing.” — Irving Abella, The American Historical Review “Authoritative, scholarly, and fascinating.” — Yehuda Bauer
Author : David S. Wyman
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 930 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Abandonment of the Jews
ISBN : 0824045424
First published in 1990. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Author : David S. Wyman
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 265 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : History
ISBN : 0824045335
Author : Henry L. Feingold
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 414 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 1970
Category : History
ISBN : STANFORD:36105000250642