Antimicrobial Resistance In Developing Countries

Author : Aníbal de J. Sosa,Denis K. Byarugaba,Carlos F. Amábile-Cuevas,Po-Ren Hsueh,Samuel Kariuki,Iruka N. Okeke
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 554 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2009-10-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780387893709

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Antimicrobial Resistance in Developing Countries by Aníbal de J. Sosa,Denis K. Byarugaba,Carlos F. Amábile-Cuevas,Po-Ren Hsueh,Samuel Kariuki,Iruka N. Okeke Pdf

Avoiding infection has always been expensive. Some human populations escaped tropical infections by migrating into cold climates but then had to procure fuel, warm clothing, durable housing, and crops from a short growing season. Waterborne infections were averted by owning your own well or supporting a community reservoir. Everyone got vaccines in rich countries, while people in others got them later if at all. Antimicrobial agents seemed at first to be an exception. They did not need to be delivered through a cold chain and to everyone, as vaccines did. They had to be given only to infected patients and often then as relatively cheap injectables or pills off a shelf for only a few days to get astonishing cures. Antimicrobials not only were better than most other innovations but also reached more of the world’s people sooner. The problem appeared later. After each new antimicrobial became widely used, genes expressing resistance to it began to emerge and spread through bacterial populations. Patients infected with bacteria expressing such resistance genes then failed treatment and remained infected or died. Growing resistance to antimicrobial agents began to take away more and more of the cures that the agents had brought.

Author : Aníbal de J. Sosa,Denis K. Byarugaba,Carlos Amabile,Po-Ren Hsueh,Samuel Kariuki,Iruka N. Okeke
Publisher : Springer
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2014-09-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 1489984259

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Antimicrobial Resistance in Developing Countries by Aníbal de J. Sosa,Denis K. Byarugaba,Carlos Amabile,Po-Ren Hsueh,Samuel Kariuki,Iruka N. Okeke Pdf

Avoiding infection has always been expensive. Some human populations escaped tropical infections by migrating into cold climates but then had to procure fuel, warm clothing, durable housing, and crops from a short growing season. Waterborne infections were averted by owning your own well or supporting a community reservoir. Everyone got vaccines in rich countries, while people in others got them later if at all. Antimicrobial agents seemed at first to be an exception. They did not need to be delivered through a cold chain and to everyone, as vaccines did. They had to be given only to infected patients and often then as relatively cheap injectables or pills off a shelf for only a few days to get astonishing cures. Antimicrobials not only were better than most other innovations but also reached more of the world’s people sooner. The problem appeared later. After each new antimicrobial became widely used, genes expressing resistance to it began to emerge and spread through bacterial populations. Patients infected with bacteria expressing such resistance genes then failed treatment and remained infected or died. Growing resistance to antimicrobial agents began to take away more and more of the cures that the agents had brought.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Forum on Emerging Infections
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 333 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2003-03-26
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309168304

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The Resistance Phenomenon in Microbes and Infectious Disease Vectors by Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Forum on Emerging Infections Pdf

The resistance topic is timely given current events. The emergence of mysterious new diseases, such as SARS, and the looming threat of bioterrorist attacks remind us of how vulnerable we can be to infectious agents. With advances in medical technologies, we have tamed many former microbial foes, yet with few new antimicrobial agents and vaccines in the pipeline, and rapidly increasing drug resistance among infectious microbes, we teeter on the brink of loosing the upperhand in our ongoing struggle against these foes, old and new. The Resistance Phenomenon in Microbes and Infectious Disease Vectors examines our understanding of the relationships among microbes, disease vectors, and human hosts, and explores possible new strategies for meeting the challenge of resistance.

Author : Euzebiusz Jamrozik,Michael Selgelid
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 452 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2020-10-26
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783030278748

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Ethics and Drug Resistance: Collective Responsibility for Global Public Health by Euzebiusz Jamrozik,Michael Selgelid Pdf

This Open Access volume provides in-depth analysis of the wide range of ethical issues associated with drug-resistant infectious diseases. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is widely recognized to be one of the greatest threats to global public health in coming decades; and it has thus become a major topic of discussion among leading bioethicists and scholars from related disciplines including economics, epidemiology, law, and political theory. Topics covered in this volume include responsible use of antimicrobials; control of multi-resistant hospital-acquired infections; privacy and data collection; antibiotic use in childhood and at the end of life; agricultural and veterinary sources of resistance; resistant HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria; mandatory treatment; and trade-offs between current and future generations. As the first book focused on ethical issues associated with drug resistance, it makes a timely contribution to debates regarding practice and policy that are of crucial importance to global public health in the 21st century.

Author : William Hall
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 236 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2018-04-09
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780674985070

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Superbugs by William Hall Pdf

Antibiotics are powerful drugs that can prevent and treat infections, but they are becoming less effective as a result of drug resistance. Resistance develops because the bacteria that antibiotics target can evolve ways to defend themselves against these drugs. When antibiotics fail, there is very little else to prevent an infection from spreading. Unnecessary use of antibiotics in both humans and animals accelerates the evolution of drug-resistant bacteria, with potentially catastrophic personal and global consequences. Our best defenses against infectious disease could cease to work, surgical procedures would become deadly, and we might return to a world where even small cuts are life-threatening. The problem of drug resistance already kills over one million people across the world every year and has huge economic costs. Without action, this problem will become significantly worse. Following from their work on the Review on Antimicrobial Resistance, William Hall, Anthony McDonnell, and Jim O’Neill outline the major systematic failures that have led to this growing crisis. They also provide a set of solutions to tackle these global issues that governments, industry, and public health specialists can adopt. In addition to personal behavioral modifications, such as better handwashing regimens, Superbugs argues for mounting an offense against this threat through agricultural policy changes, an industrial research stimulus, and other broad-scale economic and social incentives.

Author : Gabriel Arriagada,Josefina Leon-Felix,Rafael Vignoli,Gabriel Gutkind
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 107 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2021-08-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9782889711239

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Antimicrobial Resistance in Zoonotic Bacteria in Developing Countries: The Role of Food Animal Production in Public Health by Gabriel Arriagada,Josefina Leon-Felix,Rafael Vignoli,Gabriel Gutkind Pdf

Author : King K. Holmes,Stefano Bertozzi,Barry R. Bloom,Prabhat Jha
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 506 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2017-11-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781464805257

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Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 6) by King K. Holmes,Stefano Bertozzi,Barry R. Bloom,Prabhat Jha Pdf

Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.

Author : OECD,World Health Organization
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 250 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2020-04-01
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9781108864121

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Challenges to Tackling Antimicrobial Resistance Economic and Policy Responses by OECD,World Health Organization Pdf

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a biological mechanism whereby a microorganism evolves over time to develop the ability to become resistant to antimicrobial therapies such as antibiotics. The drivers of and potential solutions to AMR are complex, often spanning multiple sectors. The internationally recognized response to AMR advocates for a ‘One Health’ approach, which requires policies to be developed and implemented across human, animal, and environmental health.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Forum on Microbial Threats
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 418 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2012-09-10
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309259361

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Improving Food Safety Through a One Health Approach by Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Forum on Microbial Threats Pdf

Globalization of the food supply has created conditions favorable for the emergence, reemergence, and spread of food-borne pathogens-compounding the challenge of anticipating, detecting, and effectively responding to food-borne threats to health. In the United States, food-borne agents affect 1 out of 6 individuals and cause approximately 48 million illnesses, 128,000 hospitalizations, and 3,000 deaths each year. This figure likely represents just the tip of the iceberg, because it fails to account for the broad array of food-borne illnesses or for their wide-ranging repercussions for consumers, government, and the food industry-both domestically and internationally. A One Health approach to food safety may hold the promise of harnessing and integrating the expertise and resources from across the spectrum of multiple health domains including the human and veterinary medical and plant pathology communities with those of the wildlife and aquatic health and ecology communities. The IOM's Forum on Microbial Threats hosted a public workshop on December 13 and 14, 2011 that examined issues critical to the protection of the nation's food supply. The workshop explored existing knowledge and unanswered questions on the nature and extent of food-borne threats to health. Participants discussed the globalization of the U.S. food supply and the burden of illness associated with foodborne threats to health; considered the spectrum of food-borne threats as well as illustrative case studies; reviewed existing research, policies, and practices to prevent and mitigate foodborne threats; and, identified opportunities to reduce future threats to the nation's food supply through the use of a "One Health" approach to food safety. Improving Food Safety Through a One Health Approach: Workshop Summary covers the events of the workshop and explains the recommendations for future related workshops.

Author : Mihai Mares,Swee Hua Erin Lim,Kok-Song Lai,Romeo-Teodor Cristina
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 210 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2021-03-03
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781839624322

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Antimicrobial Resistance by Mihai Mares,Swee Hua Erin Lim,Kok-Song Lai,Romeo-Teodor Cristina Pdf

Tackling the realities of the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) situation today is no longer uncommon. Many battles have been fought in the past since the discovery of antibiotics between man and microbes. In the tussle of new antibiotic modifications, the transmission of resistant genes, both vertically and horizontally unveils yet another resistant attribute for the microbe, for it only to be faced with a more powerful, wide spectrum antibiotic; the cycle continues-and the winner is yet to be known. This book aims to provide some insight into various molecular mechanisms, agricultural mitigation methods, and the One Health applications to maybe, just maybe, tip the scales towards us.

Author : The Expert Panel on the Potential Socio-Economic Impacts of Antimicrobial Resistance in Canada
Publisher : Council of Canadian Academies
Page : 268 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2019-11-12
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781926522753

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When Antibiotics Fail by The Expert Panel on the Potential Socio-Economic Impacts of Antimicrobial Resistance in Canada Pdf

When Antibiotics Fail examines the current impacts of AMR on our healthcare system, projects the future impact on Canada’s GDP, and looks at how widespread resistance will influence the day-to-day lives of Canadians. The report examines these issues through a One Health lens, recognizing the interconnected nature of AMR, from healthcare settings to the environment to the agriculture sector. It is the most comprehensive report to date on the economic impact of AMR in Canada.

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9241564741

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Antimicrobial Resistance by World Health Organization Pdf

Summary report published as technical document with reference number: WHO/HSE/PED/AIP/2014.2.

Author : Martin Khor
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 35 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2019
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9670747309

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The Global Threat of Antimicrobial Resistance and the Challenges and Needs of Developing Countries by Martin Khor Pdf

Author : Arjen Boin,Magnus Ekengren,Mark Rhinard
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 195 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2021-05-10
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783030706920

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Understanding the Creeping Crisis by Arjen Boin,Magnus Ekengren,Mark Rhinard Pdf

This open access book explores a special species of trouble afflicting modern societies: creeping crises. These crises evolve over time, reveal themselves in different ways, and resist comprehensive responses despite periodic public attention. As a result, these crises continue to creep in front of our eyes. This book begins by defining the concept of a creeping crisis, showing how existing literature fails to properly define and explore this phenomenon and outlining the challenges such crises pose to practitioners. Drawing on ongoing research, this book presents a diverse set of case studies on: antimicrobial resistance, climate change-induced migration, energy extraction, big data, Covid-19, migration, foreign fighters, and cyberattacks. Each chapter explores how creeping crises come into existence, why they can develop unimpeded, and the consequences they bring in terms of damage and legitimacy loss. The book provides a proof-of-concept to help launch the systematic study of creeping crises. Our analysis helps academics understand a new species of threat and practitioners recognize and prepare for creeping crises.

Author : National Academies Of Sciences Engineeri,National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine,Health And Medicine Division,Board On Population Health And Public He,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on the Long-Term Health and Economic Effects of Antimicrobial Resistance in the United States
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2022-07-20
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0309269458

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Combating Antimicrobial Resistance and Protecting the Miracle of Modern Medicine by National Academies Of Sciences Engineeri,National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine,Health And Medicine Division,Board On Population Health And Public He,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on the Long-Term Health and Economic Effects of Antimicrobial Resistance in the United States Pdf

The National Strategy for Combating Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria, published in 2014, sets out a plan for government work to mitigate the emergence and spread of resistant bacteria. Direction on the implementation of this strategy is provided in five-year national action plans, the first covering 2015 to 2020, and the second covering 2020 to 2025. Combating Antimicrobial Resistance and Protecting the Miracle of Modern Medicine evaluates progress made against the national strategy. This report discusses ways to improve detection of resistant infections and estimate the risk to human health from environmental sources of resistance. In addition, the report considers the effect of agricultural practices on human and animal health and animal welfare and ways these practices could be improved, and advises on key drugs and diseases for which animal-specific test breakpoints are needed.