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Attacking Inequality in the Health Sector by Abdo Yazbeck Pdf
The last 10 years have seen a resurgence in interest and research around inequalities in the health sector. While a disproportionate share of the new research has focused on measuring inequality in the health sector, work is emerging on how to understand the causes of inequality and on identifying successful approaches for tackling the problem. This book summarizes the operational lessons emerging from this new focus. It is intended to be an operational resource for change agents within and outside government in low and middle countries committed to improve access and use of critical health services to income poor and social vulnerable populations.
Author : The World Bank Publisher : World Bank Publications Page : 392 pages File Size : 41,7 Mb Release : 2010-12-07 Category : Business & Economics ISBN : 0821385011
Reducing Inequality for Shared Growth in China by The World Bank Pdf
Guangdong, a province of over 93 million residents, is located on the southern coast of China, boarding with Hong Kong, China. As China s powerhouse for economic growth and a pioneer of reform and opening up, Guangdong has maintained an annual average GDP growth rate of 13.7 percent over the past three decades. Its historical achievements notwithstanding, Guangdong witnessed increased inequality and regional disparity. To assist the authority in developing a strategy for the new phase of reforms that promotes more inclusive and sustainable growth, Reducing Inequality for Shared Growth in Guangdong Province recommends a three-pillar approach: eliminating absolute poverty, reducing inequality in opportunities, and containing inequality in outcomes. The book also proposes a range of policy actions in these three broad areas. First, to further develop the social assistance program (i.e. the minimum living allowance program ) to address the issue of absolute poverty; Second, to improve income opportunities of the rural poor by better facilitating rural labor migration to non-farming jobs and urban labor markets, deepening rural finance reform, and providing better protection of their rights over land. Third, to invest in people through more equitable access to and financing of social services such as basic education, skills development, and health care. Further reform of the intergovernmental fiscal system is essential to the success of these efforts. This report will be of interest to central and sub-national policy makers, policy implementing agencies, researchers, development partners, and others working on economic and social development in China and in other countries. Guangdong s experience will offer great value to the rest of China and to other countries that are grappling with similar development challenges.
The Oxford Handbook of Health Economics by Sherry Glied,Peter C. Smith Pdf
This book provides an engaging, comprehensive review of health economics, with a focus on policy implications in the developed and developing world. Authoritative, but non-technical, it stresses the wide reach of the discipline - across nations, health systems, and areas within health and medical care.
Global Health 101, Fourth Edition by Richard Skolnik Pdf
In keeping with the previous edition - which was independently rated as the best global health book for undergraduates - Global Health 101, Fourth Edition is a clear, concise, and user-friendly introduction to the most critical issues in global health, illustrating key themes with an extensive set of case studies, examples, and the latest evidence. Drawing from his 40 years of experience working in international development and global health, as well as extensively teaching at both Yale and George Washington University, Richard Skolnik has substantially revised his bestselling textbook. This edition offers a significant amount of new and updated information, while maintaining the clarity, simplicity, and ease of use that has made this text so popular. Global Health 101, Fourth Edition builds in unique ways on evidence from a number of fundamental sources, including the Global Burden of Disease Studies, Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition, (DCP3), and Millions Saved.
Xiaohui Hou,Edit V. Velényi,Abdo S. Yazbeck,Roberto F. Iunes,Owen Smith
Author : Xiaohui Hou,Edit V. Velényi,Abdo S. Yazbeck,Roberto F. Iunes,Owen Smith Publisher : World Bank Publications Page : 193 pages File Size : 48,8 Mb Release : 2013-10-11 Category : Medical ISBN : 9781464800610
Learning from Economic Downturns by Xiaohui Hou,Edit V. Velényi,Abdo S. Yazbeck,Roberto F. Iunes,Owen Smith Pdf
This book builds on the lessons of the most recent global financial crisis, especially in Europe and Central Asia and proposes a more effective role for the health sector as part of a safety net function and as a stabilizer for the population during a crisis.
Debt-for-Development Exchanges by Ross P. Buckley Pdf
Debt-for-development exchanges are an important financing tool for development. They make debt relief more politically and practically attractive to donor countries and serve the development of recipient countries through the cancellation of external debt and the funding of important development projects. This book commences by chronicling the emergence of debt-for-development exchanges from their forebears, debt-equity exchanges, and analyzes why debt for development suffers from very few of the problems that plagued debt equity. The book analyzes the different types of debt-for-development exchanges and the different ways they have been used by all donor nations that have made use of them. The book then explores a range of critical perspectives on exchanges and concludes by considering a wide range of new and innovative uses for the funds generated by exchanges.
Improving Effectiveness and Outcomes for the Poor in Health, Nutrition, and Population by World Bank,World Bank Publications Pdf
This study evaluates the effectiveness of the World Bank Group's support for health, nutrition, and population (HNP) in developing countries from 1997 to 2008 - totaling more than $17 billion - and distills lessons for greater impact in the future. It finds that the Bank Group now funds a smaller share of global support for HNP than a decade ago, but its support remains substantial and adds considerable value. About two-thirds of the Bank's HNP support has had satisfactory outcomes, often in difficult environments. But in a number of country settings, particularly in Africa, it has not performed well, in part due to high complexity and weak capacity. Only half of HNP support had a pro-poor focus, while support to reduce high fertility and promote family planning has dwindled. The evaluation highlights the contribution of investments in water supply, sanitation, and hygiene to improving the health of the poor and the lessons from support for sector-wide approaches, communicable disease control, and health reform. Moving forward, the World Bank needs to improve the performance of its HNP support and the Bank and IFC need to take actions to ensure their support reaches the poor and contributes greater social benefits, respectively.
Routledge Handbook of Global Public Health by Richard Parker,Marni Sommer Pdf
The Routledge Handbook of Global Public Health addresses emerging issues and conceptualizations in global health, expanding upon the critical priorities in this rapidly evolving field. It provides an authoritative overview for students, practitioners, researchers, and policy makers concerned with public health around the globe.
Manual de pago por desempeño by György Bèla Fritsche,Robert Soeters,Bruno Meessen Pdf
Los enfoques de Pago por Desempeño (PPD) se han expandido con rapidez en los países de ingresos bajos y medios en todo el mundo. El número de países ha crecido de 3 en 2006 a 32 en 2013. Los esquemas de PPD están floreciendo y crean una demanda considerable de asistencia técnica a fin de ejecutar estas reformas sanitarias en una forma racional y responsable. Tres pioneros internacionales del PPD se han unido para dar una respuesta a esta demanda internacional. Ellos son: György Fritsche, MD, MSc (Banco Mundial, Washington); Robert Soeters, MD, PhD (SINA Health, La Haya); y Bruno Meessen, MA, PhD (Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Amberes). Su trabajo vuelca sus 40 años de experiencia total en el diseño e implementación de esquemas de PPD en un manual de PPD de vanguardia, dirigido a implementadores y hacedores de políticas. Se unió al equipo Godelieve van Heteren (MD; Erasmus University Rotterdam Global Health Initiative (RGHI)), quien realizó la co-edición a fin de darle al manual consistencia, contenido y formato. Cedric Ndizeye, MD, MPH (MSH, Ruanda), redactó las partes principales del capítulo sobre desarrollo de competencias, y Caryn Bredenkamp, PhD (Banco Mundial, Washington) contribuyó con el capítulo 5 sobre equidad. Actualmente, existe poco conocimiento entre muchos de los que ejecutan reformas sanitarias sobre cómo implementar proyectos piloto de pago por desempeño y cómo ampliarlos a nivel nacional en forma inteligente. En un contexto de gran demanda de un diseño sólido y experiencia en la implementación, y dada la rápida expansión de los programas de Financiación Basada en Resultados, existe una necesidad urgente de desarrollar competencias para el diseño e implementación de programas de FBR. Hasta el momento, ha habido poco interés en combinar las enseñanzas de esas experiencias en un solo volumen y, más aún, en un formato que sirva como guía a los implementadores. Este manual es una respuesta a las preguntas más urgentes sobre programas de FBR del lado de la oferta, del cual el PPD es parte. Este manual estará disponible en una versión on-line, que será actualizada en forma regular, y una versión impresa en 3 idiomas (inglés, francés y español).
Africa's Demographic Transition by David Canning,Sangeeta Raja,Abdo S. Yazbeck Pdf
Africa is poised on the edge of a potential takeoff to sustained economic growth. This takeoff can be abetted by a demographic dividend from the changes in population age structure. Declines in child mortality, followed by declines in fertility, produce a 'bulge' generation and a large number of working age people, giving a boost to the economy. In the short run lower fertility leads to lower youth dependency rates and greater female labor force participation outside the home. Smaller family sizes also mean more resources to invest in the health and education per child boosting worker productivity. In the long run increased life spans from health improvements mean that this large, high-earning cohort will also want to save for retirement, creating higher savings and investments, leading to further productivity gains. Two things are required for the demographic dividend to generate an African economic takeoff. The first is to speed up the fertility decline that is currently slow or stalled in many countries. The second is economic policies that take advantage of the opportunity offered by demography. While demographic change can produce more, and high quality, workers, this potential workforce needs to be productively employed if Africa is to reap the dividend. However, once underway, the relationship between demographic change and human development works in both directions, creating a virtuous cycle that can accelerate fertility decline, social development, and economic growth. Empirical evidence points to three key factors for speeding the fertility transition: child health, female education, and women's empowerment, particularly through access to family planning. Harnessing the dividend requires job creation for the large youth cohorts entering working age, and encouraging foreign investment until domestic savings and investment increase. The appropriate mix of policies in each country depends on their stage of the demographic transition.
Social Protection in Developing Countries by Katja Bender,Markus Kaltenborn,Christian Pfleiderer Pdf
Providing universal access to social protection and health systems for all members of society, including the poor and vulnerable, is increasingly considered crucial to international development debates. This is the first book to explore from an interdisciplinary and global perspective the reforms of social protection systems introduced in recent years by many governments of low and middle-income countries. Although a growing body of literature has been concerned with the design and impact of social protection, less attention has been directed towards analyzing and explaining these reform processes themselves. Through case studies of African, Asian, and Latin American countries, this book examines the ‘global phenomenon’ of recent social protection reforms in low and middle-income areas, and how it differs across countries both in terms of scope and speed of institutional change. Exploring the major domestic and international factors affecting the political feasibility of social protection reform, the book outlines the successes and failures of recent reform initiatives. This invaluable book combines contributions from both academics and practitioner experts to give students, researchers and practitioners in the fields of social security, economics, law and political science an in-depth understanding of political reform processes in developing countries.
Children and AIDS by Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. Pdf
Advocacy and investment on behalf of children affected by AIDS have had an impact, and the goal of eliminating mother-to-child transmission of HIV appears within reach. But for every problem solved or advance made, new challenges and constraints have arisen. This Children and AIDS: Fifth Stocktaking Report examines current data, trends and the progress that s been made - pointing out disparities in access, coverage and outcomes - and calls for concrete actions to benefit the millions of children, women and families worldwide who bear the burden of the epidemic.
Global Health 101, Second Edition (formerly titled Essentials of Global Health) is a clear, concise, and user-friendly introduction to the most critical issues in global health. It illustrates key themes with an extensive set of case studies, examples, and the latest evidence. While the book offers a global perspective, particular attention is given to the health-development link, to developing countries, and to the health needs of poor and disadvantaged people. Global Health 101 builds on the success of an introductory global health course taught by the author at the George Washington School of Public Health and Health Services and is ideally suited for the the Association of American Colleges and Universities recommended course by the same name. The text is accompanied by a wealth of instructor’s resources, as well as a robust companion website with videos, presentations, and references intended to help both teachers and students. Richard Skolnik is the winner of numerous honors for teaching, has taught global health for 8 years, and has more than 30 years of experience as a global health practitioner in multilateral, university, and NGO settings. He has been actively involved in dealing with critical issues in global health at country level and at the highest levels of international health policy making. Learn more about the author. “Richard Skolnik's Essentials of Global Health is so comprehensive that it will be key reading in international health. In accessible language, he explains why good health is crucial to economic development, what indicators help track changes in global health, and requirements for good health systems. Approaches to solving world health problems must be under pinned by good ethics and human rights guidelines, he says, and local practices and cultures must not be ignored. Skolnik looks in detail at children's and women's health, and at the different challenges of tackling communicative and non-communicative disease in developing countries. He also maps out the key players in global health and looks ahead to future challenges.” —The Lancet, October 2007 The book is organized in four parts: - Principles, Measurements, and the Health-Development Link: The principles of Global Health; Health Determinants, Measurements, and Trends; and Health, Education, Poverty, and the Economy. - Cross-Cutting Global Health Themes: Human Rights, Ethics, and Global Health; An Introduction to Health Systems; and Culture and Health. - The Burden of Disease: The Environment and Health; Nutrition and Health; Women’s Health; Child Health; Infectious Diseases; Non-Communicable Diseases; and Unintentional Injuries. - Working Together to Improve Global Health: Conflicts, Natural Disasters, and Other Emergencies; Cooperating to Improve Global Health; and, Science Technology, and the Public’s Health.” Updates to the Second Edition: Updated tables and charts to include the most recent data on the burden of disease and risk factors - An expanded section on health disparities and health equity - A greatly expanded section on Neglected Tropical Diseases - An expanded section on the financing of global health and innovative financing mechanisms - Additional information on drug resistance and emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases - Additional information on innovative mechanisms for program implementation in areas related to key chapter topics, such as performance based financing in maternal health, TB, and health systems development - An expanded section on public-private partnerships and product development partnerships for health - Additional examples and mini-case studies in all of the core chapters - A new chapter on “Careers in Global Health”, with information on careers, which would be illustrated with profiles of global health leaders from around the world, who model those careers Looking for more real-life evidence? Check out Cases 1, 3, 6, 7, & 13 in Essential Case Studies in Public Health, Putting Public Health into Practice.
Handbook on the Political Economy of Health Systems by Joan Costa-Font,Alberto Batinti,Gilberto Turati Pdf
This ground breaking Handbook brings together a number of chapters into one comprehensive book on the timely subject matter of the political economy of health and health care. The book contains up-to-date discussion on the state of the art of the key questions of the subject matter, and it provides a unique understanding of health policy making by drawing on an interdisciplinary approach to political economy.
Going Universal by Daniel Cotlear,Somil Nagpal,Owen Smith,Ajay Tandon,Rafael Cortez Pdf
This book is about 24 developing countries that have embarked on the journey towards universal health coverage (UHC) following a bottom-up approach, with a special focus on the poor and vulnerable, through a systematic data collection that provides practical insights to policymakers and practitioners. Each of the UHC programs analyzed in this book is seeking to overcome the legacy of inequality by tackling both a “financing gap†? and a “provision gap†?: the financing gap (or lower per capita spending on the poor) by spending additional resources in a pro-poor way; the provision gap (or underperformance of service delivery for the poor) by expanding supply and changing incentives in a variety of ways. The prevailing view seems to indicate that UHC require not just more money, but also a focus on changing the rules of the game for spending health system resources. The book does not attempt to identify best practices, but rather aims to help policy makers understand the options they face, and help develop a new operational research agenda. The main chapters are focused on providing a granular understanding of policy design, while the appendixes offer a systematic review of the literature attempting to evaluate UHC program impact on access to services, on financial protection, and on health outcomes.
