Auditory Efferent System New Insights From Cortex To Cochlea

Author : Paul H. Delano,Ana B. Elgoyhen
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 122 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2016-09-06
Category : Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
ISBN : 9782889199358

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Auditory Efferent System: New Insights from Cortex to Cochlea by Paul H. Delano,Ana B. Elgoyhen Pdf

The main function of the sensory systems is the transducing of external stimuli into bioelectrical signals, which are conducted through afferent pathways from sensory epithelia to the brain. However, it is known that descending projections are ubiquitous in the different sensory modalities, and in the case of auditory efferents connect the cerebral cortex with sensory receptor cells. Several functions have been attributed to the efferent system, including protection to acoustic trauma, unmasking of auditory stimuli in background noise, balance of interaural sensitivity and some cognitive functions like modulation of cochlear sensitivity during selective attention to auditory or visual stimuli. In addition there is evidence of a possible involvement of the efferent system in the etiology or treatment of some clinical pathologies like tinnitus. In this e-book, entitled “Auditory Efferent System: New Insights from Cortex to Cochlea”, we aimed to give an overview of the advances concerning the descending projections from the auditory cortex to subcortical nuclei and the olivocochlear system. In addition, different theoretical proposals of efferent functions are presented. We think that this e-book is an important contribution to the understanding of the efferent system in mammals, merging auditory-cortex literature with studies performed in the olivocochlear system.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1368457213

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Auditory Efferent System: New Insights from Cortex to Cochlea by Anonim Pdf

The main function of the sensory systems is the transducing of external stimuli into bioelectrical signals, which are conducted through afferent pathways from sensory epithelia to the brain. However, it is known that descending projections are ubiquitous in the different sensory modalities, and in the case of auditory efferents connect the cerebral cortex with sensory receptor cells. Several functions have been attributed to the efferent system, including protection to acoustic trauma, unmasking of auditory stimuli in background noise, balance of interaural sensitivity and some cognitive functions like modulation of cochlear sensitivity during selective attention to auditory or visual stimuli. In addition there is evidence of a possible involvement of the efferent system in the etiology or treatment of some clinical pathologies like tinnitus. In this e-book, entitled "Auditory Efferent System: New Insights from Cortex to Cochlea", we aimed to give an overview of the advances concerning the descending projections from the auditory cortex to subcortical nuclei and the olivocochlear system. In addition, different theoretical proposals of efferent functions are presented. We think that this e-book is an important contribution to the understanding of the efferent system in mammals, merging auditory-cortex literature with studies performed in the olivocochlear system.

Author : David K. Ryugo,Richard R. Fay,Arthur N. Popper
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 370 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2010-11-22
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781441970701

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Auditory and Vestibular Efferents by David K. Ryugo,Richard R. Fay,Arthur N. Popper Pdf

Efferent sensory systems have emerged as major components of processing by the central nervous system. Whereas the afferent sensory systems bring environmental information into the brain, efferent systems function to monitor, sharpen, and attend selectively to certain stimuli while ignoring others. This ability of the brain to implement these functions enables the organism to make fine discriminations and to respond appropriately to environmental conditions so that survival is enhanced. Our focus will be on auditory and vestibular efferents, topics linked together by the inner ear connection. The biological utility of the efferent system is striking. How it functions is less well understood, and with each new discovery, more questions arise. The book that is proposed here reflects our vision to share what is known on the topic by authors who actually have made the observations.

Author : Lindsay Aitkin
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 416 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781468439083

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Neuronal Mechanisms of Hearing by Lindsay Aitkin Pdf

In contrast to the level of interest which is paid to the orga nization of meetings about the structure and function of the audi tory periphery, the central auditory system has received little attention in the last several years. However, much recent data accu mulated during this period has provided auditory physiologists with new ideas about the function of the central auditory system. The successful exploration of new anatomical tracing techniques (triti ated aminoacids, horseradish peroxidase, 2-deoxyglucose) together with the collection of electrophysiological data obtained with intra cellular and extracellular recordings from the receptors and neurones in the auditory pathway have considerably deepened our understanding of central auditory function. Particular interest was concentrated upon the development of the auditory system under normal conditions and in conditions ofaudi tory deprivation. Although, from the methodological point of view, the conditions of reversible auditory deprivation are complicated, promising new data appeared in this field. Similarly the specific ability of the auditory system to encode communication signals and speech sounds has been examined in many laboratories allover the world. A very fruitful method. based upon the results of electrical stimulation of cochlear nerve fibres in experimental animals, is the application of neuroprostheses in deaf patients. At the present time, the method still does not meet all requirements and many improvements will be necessary. Undoubtedly the exploration of the results of recent physiological experiments may help in the further improvement of neuroprostheses.

Author : Josef Syka,R. Bruce Masterton
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 345 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781468413007

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Auditory Pathway by Josef Syka,R. Bruce Masterton Pdf

Since the last symposium on "Neuronal Mechanisms of Hearing" held in Prague in 1980 and published in the volume of the same name (J. Syka and L. Aitkin, Eds. , Plenum Press, 1981), remarkable progress has been achieved in the understanding of the auditory system. A variety of new ideas and new methods have emerged. This progress can be easily documented by comparing the volume based on the 1980 Symposium with the program for the 1987 Symposium. For example, there were 45 contributions to auditory physiology in each symposium but there were 27 contributions focusing on anatomy in 1987 as compared to 7 in 1980, and perhaps most telling, there were 12 contributions to the neurochemistry of the system in 1987 while there were only 3 in 1980. In terms of percentages of contributions, neuroanatomy rose from 13% to 32% and neurochemistry (or chemical anatomy) rose from 5% in 1980 to 14% in 1987. These increases in the numbers and proportions of anatomical and neurochemical contributions undoubtedly reflects the increasing availabil ity and rising expertise in the new neuroanatomica1 and biochemical techniques most notably, tract-tracing by exploitation of axonal transport or by intracellular micro-injection methods, and neurotransmitter identifi cation by use of immunocytochemistry or receptor-binding techniques. New ideas have emerged on the function of cochlear hair cells particularly in connection with olivococh1ear bundle stimulation and supported by findings of contractile proteins in outer hair cells.

Author : Josef Syka,Michael M. Merzenich
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 404 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2006-11-22
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780387231815

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Plasticity and Signal Representation in the Auditory System by Josef Syka,Michael M. Merzenich Pdf

The symposium that has provided the basis for this book, "Plasticity of the Central Auditory System and Processing of Complex Acoustic Signals" was held in Prague on July 7-10, 2003. This is the fourth in a series of seminal meetings summarizing the state of development of auditory system neuroscience that has been organized in that great world city. Books that have resulted from these meetings represent important benchmarks for auditory neuroscience over the past 25 years. A 1980 meeting, "Neuronal Mechanisms of Hearing" hosted the most distinguished hearing researchers focusing on underlying brain processes from this era. It resulted in a highly influential and widely subscribed and cited proceedings co-edited by professor Lindsay Aitkin. The subject of the 1987 meeting was the "Auditory Pathway - Structure and Function". It again resulted in another important update of hearing science research in a widely referenced book - edited by the late Bruce Masterton. While the original plan was to hold a meeting summarizing the state of auditory system neuroscience every 7 years, historical events connected with the disintegration of the Soviet Empire and return of freedom to Czechoslovakia resulted in an unavoidable delay of what was planned to be a 1994 meeting. It wasn't until 1996 that we were able to meet for the third time in Prague, at that time to review "Acoustical Signal Processing in the Central Auditory System".

Author : Günter Ehret,R. Romand
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 428 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0195096843

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The Central Auditory System by Günter Ehret,R. Romand Pdf

This is a graduate-level text on the neurobiology of hearing, covering the structure and function of the central auditory pathway of all mammals.

Author : Jeffery A. Winer,Christoph E. Schreiner
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 715 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2010-12-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781441900746

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The Auditory Cortex by Jeffery A. Winer,Christoph E. Schreiner Pdf

There has been substantial progress in understanding the contributions of the auditory forebrain to hearing, sound localization, communication, emotive behavior, and cognition. The Auditory Cortex covers the latest knowledge about the auditory forebrain, including the auditory cortex as well as the medial geniculate body in the thalamus. This book will cover all important aspects of the auditory forebrain organization and function, integrating the auditory thalamus and cortex into a smooth, coherent whole. Volume One covers basic auditory neuroscience. It complements The Auditory Cortex, Volume 2: Integrative Neuroscience, which takes a more applied/clinical perspective.

Author : Edwin W. Rubel,Richard R. Fay
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 442 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461221869

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Development of the Auditory System by Edwin W. Rubel,Richard R. Fay Pdf

The contributors to this volume have provided a detailed and integrated introduction to the behavioural, anatomical, and physiological changes that occur in the auditory system of developing animals. Edwin W Rubel is Virginia Merrill Bloedel Professor of Hearing Sciences at the Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center at the University of Washington, Arthur N. Popper is Professor and Chair of the Department of Zoology at the University of Maryland, while Richard R. Fay is Associate Director of the Parmly Hearing Institute and Professor of Psychology at Loyola University of Chicago. Each volume in this series is independent and authoritative; taken as a set, the series will be the definitive resource in the field.

Author : Kelly L. Tremblay,Robert F. Burkhard
Publisher : Plural Publishing
Page : 489 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2012-06-29
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781597566865

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Translational Perspectives in Auditory Neuroscience by Kelly L. Tremblay,Robert F. Burkhard Pdf

Author : David Poeppel,Tobias Overath,Arthur Popper,Richard R. Fay
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 404 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2012-04-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461423133

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The Human Auditory Cortex by David Poeppel,Tobias Overath,Arthur Popper,Richard R. Fay Pdf

We live in a complex and dynamically changing acoustic environment. To this end, the auditory cortex of humans has developed the ability to process a remarkable amount of diverse acoustic information with apparent ease. In fact, a phylogenetic comparison of auditory systems reveals that human auditory association cortex in particular has undergone extensive changes relative to that of other species, although our knowledge of this remains incomplete. In contrast to other senses, human auditory cortex receives input that is highly pre-processed in a number of sub-cortical structures; this suggests that even primary auditory cortex already performs quite complex analyses. At the same time, much of the functional role of the various sub-areas in human auditory cortex is still relatively unknown, and a more sophisticated understanding is only now emerging through the use of contemporary electrophysiological and neuroimaging techniques. The integration of results across the various techniques signify a new era in our knowledge of how human auditory cortex forms basis for auditory experience. This volume on human auditory cortex will have two major parts. In Part A, the principal methodologies currently used to investigate human auditory cortex will be discussed. Each chapter will first outline how the methodology is used in auditory neuroscience, highlighting the challenges of obtaining data from human auditory cortex; second, each methods chapter will provide two or (at most) three brief examples of how it has been used to generate a major result about auditory processing. In Part B, the central questions for auditory processing in human auditory cortex are covered. Each chapter can draw on all the methods introduced in Part A but will focus on a major computational challenge the system has to solve. This volume will constitute an important contemporary reference work on human auditory cortex. Arguably, this will be the first and most focused book on this critical neurological structure. The combination of different methodological and experimental approaches as well as a diverse range of aspects of human auditory perception ensures that this volume will inspire novel insights and spurn future research.

Author : Charles I. Berlin
Publisher : Singular
Page : 150 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Medical
ISBN : UOM:39015046508530

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The Efferent Auditory System by Charles I. Berlin Pdf

Six studies explore how signals going from the brain to parts of the auditory system helps the system perform a number of functions, including adapting to background noise and allowing transients and other brief stimuli to be properly coded. Studies include discussions of the olivocochlear system and protection from acoustic injury, ontogenetic and evolutionary evidence for the motoneuron nature of vestibular and cochlear efferents, de-recruitment by multiband compression in hearing aids, and clinical applications. The CD contains a brief video of hair cell control and damping.

Author : Thomas N. Parks,Edwin W. Rubel,Richard R. Fay
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 324 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2013-03-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781475742190

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Plasticity of the Auditory System by Thomas N. Parks,Edwin W. Rubel,Richard R. Fay Pdf

The auditory system has a remarkable ability to adjust to an ever-changing environment. The six review chapters that comprise Plasticity of the Central Auditory System cover a spectrum of issues concerning this ability to adapt, defined by the widely applicable term "plasticity". With chapters focusing on the development of the cochlear nucleus, the mammalian superior olivary complex, plasticity in binaural hearing, plasticity in the auditory cortex, neural plasticity in bird songs, and plasticity in the insect auditory system, this volume represents much of the most current research in this field. The volume is thorough enough to stand alone, but is closely related a previous SHAR volume, Development of the Auditory System (Volume 9) by Rubel, Popper, and Fay. The book fully addresses the difficulties, challenges, and complexities of this topic as it applies to the auditory development of a wide variety of species.

Author : Josef Syka
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 607 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2011-06-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781441987129

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Acoustical Signal Processing in the Central Auditory System by Josef Syka Pdf

The symposium on Acoustical Signal Processing in the Central Auditory System which was held in Prague on September 4--7, 1996 was the third in a series organized in Prague, after the Neuronal Mechanisms of Hearing symposium in 1980 and Auditory Pathway - Structure and Function symposium in 1987. Approximately 100 scientists regis tered for the symposium and presented 82 separate papers and posters. The present vol ume contains 53 of these contributions, mostly presented at the symposium as invited review papers. Several essential changes occurred since the previous meeting in 1987. In auditory neuroscience, recently developed methods opened new horizons in the investigation of the structure and function of the central auditory pathway. Methods like c-fos tracing tech niques and monoclonal antibodies for neurotransmitters and their receptors, like the intro duction of electrophysiological recording from brain slices have made possible new insights into the function of individual neurons and their interconnections, particularly in the cochlear nuclei and in the superior olivary complex. Integrative approaches towards understanding the central auditory function started to dominate in the field. It is not easy at the present time to differentiate between purely morphological and neurochemical ap proaches; similarly electrophysiological approaches are accompanied inevitably by behav ioral and psychophysical studies. The understanding of human brain function advanced significantly during the last several years. mainly due to the contribution of magneto encephalography. positron emission tomography and functional nuclear magnetic reso nance imaging.

Author : Monica Muñoz-Lopez,Yukiko Kikuchi
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 332 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2017-02-07
Category : Electronic book
ISBN : 9782889450619

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The Functional Organization of the Auditory System by Monica Muñoz-Lopez,Yukiko Kikuchi Pdf

This eBook comprises s series of original research and review articles dealing with the anatomical, genetic, and physiological organization of the auditory system from humans to monkeys and mice.