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This text describes the structure, functions, transmission and applications of bacterial plasmids. The rate of research and accumulating knowledge on bacterial plasmids since the first edition, has established a need for a thorough revision and update. Each chapter has been brought up-to-date, and current developments in the understanding of plasmid replication and transposable elements have received special attention.
Plasmids are closed, circular pieces of DNA that are able to self-replicate and are carried by many bacteria. They provide unique functions for bacteria by allowing them to sexually replicate and to pass on genetic material between each other. Plasmids are also responsible for the genetic factors that give resistance to antibiotics, and provide the enzymes needed to break down poorly metabolised food resources. The author has provided an updated treatment of the structure, function and application of plasmids suitable for undergraduates and medical students. Employing an original teaching perspective--examining plasmids as living organisms with either a symbiotic or parasitic mode of survival--this text provides an important framework for understanding the structure and function of plasmids in an evolutionary context. The most up to date text on plasmids An innovative teaching perspective makes for easy student understanding Contains crucial chapters on the importance of plasmids for clinical and biological research
Author : Donald R. Helinski Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media Page : 982 pages File Size : 41,6 Mb Release : 2012-12-06 Category : Medical ISBN : 9781461324478
Bacteria are the most ubiquitous of all organisms. Responsible for a number of diseases and for many of the chemical cycles on which life depends, they are genetically adaptable. Vital to this adaptability is the existence of autonomous genetic elements-plasmids-which promote genetic exchange and recombination. The genes carried by any particular plasmid may be found in only a few individuals of any species but can also be shared with other species and thus constitute a horizontal gene pool. This book explains the various contributions that plasmids make to this pool: the replication, stable inheritance and transfer modules, the phenotypic markers they carry, the way they evolve, the ways they contribute to their host population and the approaches that we use to study and classify them. It also looks at what we know about their activity in natural communities and the way that they interact with other mobile elements to promote bacterial evolution.
Author : Stuart B. Levy Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media Page : 692 pages File Size : 42,6 Mb Release : 2012-12-06 Category : Medical ISBN : 9781468439830
Molecular Biology, Pathogenicity, and Ecology of Bacterial Plasmids by Stuart B. Levy Pdf
This book resulted from presentations at an international conference on bacterial p1asmids held January 5-9, 1981 in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. This was the first meeting of its kind in the Southern Hemisphere. The meeting place was selected for its relaxed and comfortable climate, conducive to interactions among participants. More importantly the locale facilitated the participation of nearby Latin American clinical and research scientists who deal directly with the health manifestations of pathogenic p1asmids. Diseases and socio-economic practices of developing countries exist in the Dominican Republic whose scientific community could directly benefit from having the meeting there. The book includes the talks as well as extended abstracts of poster presentations from the meeting. This combination, which provides readers with reviews as well as recent findings, captures the full scientific exchange which took place during the 5-day meeting. As one indication of pathogenicity related to p1asmids, the conferees were surveyed for gastro-intestina1 problems during and after their stay in the Dominican Republic. The results are summarized at the end of this book.
Bacterial plasmids originating in a wide range of genera are being studied from a variety of perspectives in hundreds of laboratories around the globe. These elements are well known for carrying "special" genes that confer important survival properties, frequently neces sary under atypical conditions. Classic examples of plasmid-borne genes are those provid ing bacterial resistance to toxic substances such as antibiotics, metal ions, and bacte riophage. Often included are those determining bacteriocins, which may give the bacterium an advantage in a highly competitive environment. Genes offering metabolic alternatives to the cell under nutritionally stressed conditions are also commonly found on plasmids, as are determinants important to colonization and pathogenesis. It is likely that in many, if not most, cases plasmids and their passenger determinants represent DNA acquired recently by their bacterial hosts, and it is the characteristic mobility of these elements that enables their efficient establishment in new bacterial cells by the process known as conjugation. Whereas many plasmids are fully capable of promoting their own conjugal transfer, others move only with help from coresident elements. The ability of a plasmid to establish itself in a variety of different species is com mon, and recent studies have shown that transfer can in some cases occur from bacterial cells to eukaryotes such as yeast.
This is a sound, scholarly, yet very readable book that organizes the pertinent material on a relatively popular topic in bacterial genetics. In a complicated area where articles are scattered throughout the literature, it should prove an excellent reference source for researchers in microbial genetics and general microbiology, as well as in certain aspects of clinical medicine and in nutrition. Drug-resistance factors are accessory chromosomes, independent of the bacterial chromosome proper, which are of increasing practical concern as they cause a large portion of the antibiotic resistance that is prevalent in medicine and in veterinary practice. Yet these factors are only part of a much larger class of accessory chromosomes known as &"plasmids&" which have played a prominent role in the development of bacterial genetics of molecular biology as a whole. Two other well-known classes are the sex factors, which enable bacteria to transfer their genes to recipients by conjugation, and the bacterial phages&-viruses that grow in bacteria. Despite the great differences in their overt properties, all plasmids exhibit strong fundamental similarities, and it is these general properties rather than their individual peculiarities which are emphasized here. The book first notes how plasmids were discovered. It then discusses the physical structure of their chromosomes, their manner of replication, how they act to bring about conjugation, and other processes they determine. Although the treatment is primarily biological, the book supplies references to laboratory techniques and to the implications of the subject for human and for animal medicine.
The Horizontal Gene Pool by Christopher M. Thomas Pdf
Bacteria are the most ubiquitous of all organisms being responsible not only for a number of diseases but also for many of the chemical cycles on which life on earth depends. Vital to their genetic adaptability is the existence of autonomous genetic elements-plasmids-which promote genetic exchange and recombination. The genes carried by any particular plasmid may be found only in few individuals of any species but can also be shared with other species and thus constitute a horizontal gene pool. This book deals with the various contributions that plasmids make to this pool-the replication, stab.
Promiscuous Plasmids of Gram-negative Bacteria by Christopher M. Thomas Pdf
Aimed at postgraduate and postdoctoral scientists, this is the first book devoted to the fundamental biology and appplications of broad host range plasmids belonging to groups P, Q, N, and W, which are extensively exploited for in vivo and in vitro genetic manipulation of many Gram-negative bacterial species of industrial and medical importnace.
Bacteria, Plasmids, and Phages by E. C. C. Lin,Richard N. Goldstein,Michael Syvanen Pdf
Bcateriology: an overview; Bacterial structure; Bacterial nutrition and metabolism; Growth of bacterial cultures; Gene expression and regulatory mechanisms; DNA replication and mutation bacteria; Genetic exchange between bacteria; Plasmids; General properties of bacterial viruses; Lytic development of phages; Lysogeny in temperature phages; DNA restriction and gene cloning; Chemotherrapy and antibiotics.
This book captures in a single volume the wealth of information on the plasmid structure, function, and biology of all organisms that have been examined to date. Plasmids exhibit wide variations in size, modes of replication and transmission, host ranges, and the genes they carry and have provided us with a great understanding of basic life principles at the molecular level. Written by experts in the field, this book is a valuable source of up-to-date information, delivering the latest impacts on studies in the areas of plasmid types, genomes, purification analysis, and expression of recombinant proteins in bacteria. Plasmid utilization in the synthesis of plasmid-based vaccines, plasmids as genetic tools, and their applications in ecology and the evolutionary process are also covered. This book is a single source of valuable information for instructors and students in advanced undergraduate and graduate courses on plasmids. It will also appeal to researchers seeking to find new relationships between biological processes that are linked by plasmids to the environment.
Plasmids of Eukaryotes by Karl Esser,Ulrich Kück,Christine Lang-Hinrichs,Paul Lemke,Heinz D. Osiewacz,Ulf Stahl,Paul Tudzynski Pdf
The possession of plasmids was for a long time recognized only in the bacteria. It is now evident that plasmids, or replicative forms of DNA structurally and experimentally comparable to bacterial plasmids, exist in eukaryotic organisms as well. Such plasmids are in fact common among fungi and higher plants. The present review is undertaken to provide a comprehensive account of the data available on plasmids found in eukaryotic organisms. This review will not consider plasmids of prokaryotic origin, even though certain bacterial plasmids, such as the tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmids of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, may be intimately associated with transformation of the eukaryotic host. This book, moreover, does not consider transformation experiments in eukaryotic hosts involving viral DNA as vectors, although indeed such vectors have been developed for use in plant and animal systems. After a general introduction, providing historical perspective on the nature and role of plasmids, a list of eukaryotic plasmids will be presented according to their origin. This is followed by a detailed discussion of known structure and function. In subsequent chapters the practical implications of eukaryotic plasmids for molecular cloning and biotechnology will be discussed. This latter part traces the development of interest'in biotechnical genetics and gives special consideration to the use of eukaryotic systems for gene cloning. The terminology biotechni cal genetics is introduced to the reader and is used in a general sense as equivalent to genetic engineering. Biotechnical genetics includes, but is not limited to, gene cloning through recombinant DNA technology.