Bayesian Models Of Perception And Action

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Bayesian Models of Perception and Action

Wei Ji Ma,Konrad Paul Kording,Daniel Goldreich
Bayesian Models of Perception and Action Book PDF

Author : Wei Ji Ma,Konrad Paul Kording,Daniel Goldreich
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 409 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2023-08-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780262047593

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Bayesian Models of Perception and Action by Wei Ji Ma,Konrad Paul Kording,Daniel Goldreich Pdf

An accessible introduction to constructing and interpreting Bayesian models of perceptual decision-making and action. Many forms of perception and action can be mathematically modeled as probabilistic—or Bayesian—inference, a method used to draw conclusions from uncertain evidence. According to these models, the human mind behaves like a capable data scientist or crime scene investigator when dealing with noisy and ambiguous data. This textbook provides an approachable introduction to constructing and reasoning with probabilistic models of perceptual decision-making and action. Featuring extensive examples and illustrations, Bayesian Models of Perception and Action is the first textbook to teach this widely used computational framework to beginners. Introduces Bayesian models of perception and action, which are central to cognitive science and neuroscience Beginner-friendly pedagogy includes intuitive examples, daily life illustrations, and gradual progression of complex concepts Broad appeal for students across psychology, neuroscience, cognitive science, linguistics, and mathematics Written by leaders in the field of computational approaches to mind and brain

Active Inference

Thomas Parr,Giovanni Pezzulo,Karl J. Friston
Active Inference Book PDF

Author : Thomas Parr,Giovanni Pezzulo,Karl J. Friston
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 313 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2022-03-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780262045353

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Active Inference by Thomas Parr,Giovanni Pezzulo,Karl J. Friston Pdf

The first comprehensive treatment of active inference, an integrative perspective on brain, cognition, and behavior used across multiple disciplines. Active inference is a way of understanding sentient behavior—a theory that characterizes perception, planning, and action in terms of probabilistic inference. Developed by theoretical neuroscientist Karl Friston over years of groundbreaking research, active inference provides an integrated perspective on brain, cognition, and behavior that is increasingly used across multiple disciplines including neuroscience, psychology, and philosophy. Active inference puts the action into perception. This book offers the first comprehensive treatment of active inference, covering theory, applications, and cognitive domains. Active inference is a “first principles” approach to understanding behavior and the brain, framed in terms of a single imperative to minimize free energy. The book emphasizes the implications of the free energy principle for understanding how the brain works. It first introduces active inference both conceptually and formally, contextualizing it within current theories of cognition. It then provides specific examples of computational models that use active inference to explain such cognitive phenomena as perception, attention, memory, and planning.

Probabilistic Reasoning and Decision Making in Sensory-Motor Systems

Pierre Bessière,Christian Laugier,Roland Siegwart
Probabilistic Reasoning and Decision Making in Sensory Motor Systems Book PDF

Author : Pierre Bessière,Christian Laugier,Roland Siegwart
Publisher : Springer
Page : 378 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2008-08-27
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783540790075

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Probabilistic Reasoning and Decision Making in Sensory-Motor Systems by Pierre Bessière,Christian Laugier,Roland Siegwart Pdf

Probabilistic Reasoning and Decision Making in Sensory-Motor Systems by Pierre Bessiere, Christian Laugier and Roland Siegwart provides a unique collection of a sizable segment of the cognitive systems research community in Europe. It reports on contributions from leading academic institutions brought together within the European projects Bayesian Inspired Brain and Artifact (BIBA) and Bayesian Approach to Cognitive Systems (BACS). This fourteen-chapter volume covers important research along two main lines: new probabilistic models and algorithms for perception and action, new probabilistic methodology and techniques for artefact conception and development. The work addresses key issues concerned with Bayesian programming, navigation, filtering, modelling and mapping, with applications in a number of different contexts.

Probabilistic Models of the Brain

Rajesh P.N. Rao,Bruno A. Olshausen,Michael S. Lewicki
Probabilistic Models of the Brain Book PDF

Author : Rajesh P.N. Rao,Bruno A. Olshausen,Michael S. Lewicki
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 348 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2002-03-29
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0262264323

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Probabilistic Models of the Brain by Rajesh P.N. Rao,Bruno A. Olshausen,Michael S. Lewicki Pdf

A survey of probabilistic approaches to modeling and understanding brain function. Neurophysiological, neuroanatomical, and brain imaging studies have helped to shed light on how the brain transforms raw sensory information into a form that is useful for goal-directed behavior. A fundamental question that is seldom addressed by these studies, however, is why the brain uses the types of representations it does and what evolutionary advantage, if any, these representations confer. It is difficult to address such questions directly via animal experiments. A promising alternative is to use probabilistic principles such as maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference to derive models of brain function. This book surveys some of the current probabilistic approaches to modeling and understanding brain function. Although most of the examples focus on vision, many of the models and techniques are applicable to other modalities as well. The book presents top-down computational models as well as bottom-up neurally motivated models of brain function. The topics covered include Bayesian and information-theoretic models of perception, probabilistic theories of neural coding and spike timing, computational models of lateral and cortico-cortical feedback connections, and the development of receptive field properties from natural signals.

Perception-Action Cycle

Vassilis Cutsuridis,Amir Hussain,John G. Taylor
Perception Action Cycle Book PDF

Author : Vassilis Cutsuridis,Amir Hussain,John G. Taylor
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 785 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2011-02-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781441914521

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Perception-Action Cycle by Vassilis Cutsuridis,Amir Hussain,John G. Taylor Pdf

The perception-action cycle is the circular flow of information that takes place between the organism and its environment in the course of a sensory-guided sequence of behaviour towards a goal. Each action causes changes in the environment that are analyzed bottom-up through the perceptual hierarchy and lead to the processing of further action, top-down through the executive hierarchy, toward motor effectors. These actions cause new changes that are analyzed and lead to new action, and so the cycle continues. The Perception-action cycle: Models, architectures and hardware book provides focused and easily accessible reviews of various aspects of the perception-action cycle. It is an unparalleled resource of information that will be an invaluable companion to anyone in constructing and developing models, algorithms and hardware implementations of autonomous machines empowered with cognitive capabilities. The book is divided into three main parts. In the first part, leading computational neuroscientists present brain-inspired models of perception, attention, cognitive control, decision making, conflict resolution and monitoring, knowledge representation and reasoning, learning and memory, planning and action, and consciousness grounded on experimental data. In the second part, architectures, algorithms, and systems with cognitive capabilities and minimal guidance from the brain, are discussed. These architectures, algorithms, and systems are inspired from the areas of cognitive science, computer vision, robotics, information theory, machine learning, computer agents and artificial intelligence. In the third part, the analysis, design and implementation of hardware systems with robust cognitive abilities from the areas of mechatronics, sensing technology, sensor fusion, smart sensor networks, control rules, controllability, stability, model/knowledge representation, and reasoning are discussed.

Sensory Cue Integration

Julia Trommershauser,Konrad Kording,Michael S. Landy
Sensory Cue Integration Book PDF

Author : Julia Trommershauser,Konrad Kording,Michael S. Landy
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 461 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2011-09-21
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780199874767

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Sensory Cue Integration by Julia Trommershauser,Konrad Kording,Michael S. Landy Pdf

This book is concerned with sensory cue integration both within and between sensory modalities, and focuses on the emerging way of thinking about cue combination in terms of uncertainty. These probabilistic approaches derive from the realization that our sensors are noisy and moreover are often affected by ambiguity. For example, mechanoreceptor outputs are variable and they cannot distinguish if a perceived force is caused by the weight of an object or by force we are producing ourselves. The probabilistic approaches elaborated in this book aim at formalizing the uncertainty of cues. They describe cue combination as the nervous system's attempt to minimize uncertainty in its estimates and to choose successful actions. Some computational approaches described in the chapters of this book are concerned with the application of such statistical ideas to real-world cue-combination problems. Others ask how uncertainty may be represented in the nervous system and used for cue combination. Importantly, across behavioral, electrophysiological and theoretical approaches, Bayesian statistics is emerging as a common language in which cue-combination problems can be expressed.

Factors mediating performance monitoring in humans – from context to personality

Patrizia Thoma,Christian Bellebaum
Factors mediating performance monitoring in humans from context to personality Book PDF

Author : Patrizia Thoma,Christian Bellebaum
Publisher : Frontiers E-books
Page : 149 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2024-06-10
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9782889191123

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Factors mediating performance monitoring in humans – from context to personality by Patrizia Thoma,Christian Bellebaum Pdf

In our everyday life, we constantly monitor our behaviour and adapt our responses following performance errors and feedback information from our environment. Receiving positive or negative feedback, which can be social, monetary or some other type of feedback classifiable as good or bad, can encourage us to continue with a specific action or may lead us to discontinue the same behaviour, respectively. Additionally, we daily observe errors being committed by other people or other people receiving feedback for their behaviour. We are able to infer how they feel in response to errors or feedback, and whether we feel sorry for their failures and happy about their successes may depend on our empathic concern and on the relationship to the observed person. At the same time, we can also learn from other people’s errors by adaptively modifying our own behaviour. Recently, a growing number of researchers in the neuroscientific community has begun to establish links between the ability to empathize with others and error/feedback processing. The ACC seems to be strongly involved in both error/feedback processing and in affective empathic responding, and positive relationships between error- and feedback-related ACC activity and self-rated dispositional empathy have been reported. Various contextual factors, like the relationship between the observer and the observed person, or person-related characteristics, like age, gender and psychopathological symptoms, may potentially modify this relationship. In spite of these theoretical advances, there are still crucial gaps in our knowledge of the different contextual factors and personality characteristics that affect performance monitoring in humans. For instance, it is not well understood how different empathy components might relate to different stages and different forms of error/feedback processing. Also, the ability to engage in empathic perspective taking might be more related to observational than to active learning; and empathy should become more relevant when the behaviour observed in someone else is also relevant for one’s own actions. One promising account in studying the relationship between person characteristics, performance context and action monitoring is the investigation of these concepts across the lifespan. While performance monitoring might be increasingly compromised in older individuals due to structural and functional changes in the relevant brain areas, it might be partly compensated for by a heightened tendency and experience to engage in affective perspective taking. Furthermore, studying clinical populations may help us to disentangle the complex interdependence between performance monitoring and psychopathological symptoms. Overall, for the current Research Topic issue, we would like to solicit original research articles, reviews as well as opinion and method papers, which investigate the neurocognitive mechanisms supporting performance monitoring providing a link to contextual factors or personality traits. Studies using a range of different methods (behavioural, imaging, electrophysiological, etc.), investigating healthy populations with or without a lifespan perspective or clinical populations are welcome, and authors with different academic backgrounds and working in different disciplines are encouraged to participate in order to promote a lively and integrative debate.

Cognitive Modeling in Perception and Memory

J G W Raaijmakers,Robert Goldstone,Mark Steyvers,Amy Criss,Robert Nosofsky
Cognitive Modeling in Perception and Memory Book PDF

Author : J G W Raaijmakers,Robert Goldstone,Mark Steyvers,Amy Criss,Robert Nosofsky
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 329 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2015-02-11
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781134629329

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Cognitive Modeling in Perception and Memory by J G W Raaijmakers,Robert Goldstone,Mark Steyvers,Amy Criss,Robert Nosofsky Pdf

The work of Richard M. Shiffrin has highly impacted the field of cognitive science, and current developments within perception and memory have been influenced by his ideas. In this volume, several key figures in the field will comment on these developments and put them in a wider perspective. Although many theories and models have been presented in recent years for various aspects of human cognition, there have not been many comparative evaluations that focus on how these models have really advanced our understanding of the underlying mechanisms. This volume will be a valuable source of information for both cognitive scientists working in the field, and researchers and students looking for a clear, accessible presentation of the key problems in cognitive science. Highlighted sections include attention and perception, memory functions and processes, knowledge representation and semantics, modelling approaches and applications.

Perception, Action, and Cognition

Snehlata Jaswal
Perception Action and Cognition Book PDF

Author : Snehlata Jaswal
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 171 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2016-11-09
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9782889199792

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Perception, Action, and Cognition by Snehlata Jaswal Pdf

Even as simple a task as quenching thirst with a glass of water involves a sequence of perceptions and actions woven together by expectations and experience. What are the myriad links between perception and action, and what does cognition have to do with them? Intuitively we think that perception precedes action, but we also know that action moulds perception. The reciprocal links between perception and action are now accepted almost universally. The discovery of mirror neurons that encode observed actions has further emphasized the coupling of perception and action. The real aim of this research topic is to go beyond identifying the evidence for perception-action coupling, and study the cognitive entities and processes that influence the perception-action link. For example, the internal representations of perceived and produced events are created and modified through experience. Yet the perception action link is considered relatively automatic. To what extent is the perception-action link affected by representations and their manipulations by cognitive processes? Does selective attention modify the perception action coupling? How, and to what extent, does the context provide sources of cognitive control? The developmental trajectory of the perception-action link and the influence of cognition at various stages of development could be another line of important evidence. The responses to these and other such questions contribute to our understanding of this research area with significant implications for perception-action coupling.

Surfing Uncertainty

Andy Clark
Surfing Uncertainty Book PDF

Author : Andy Clark
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 425 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780190217013

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Surfing Uncertainty by Andy Clark Pdf

This title brings together work on embodiment, action, and the predictive mind. At the core is the vision of human minds as prediction machines - devices that constantly try to stay one step ahead of the breaking waves of sensory stimulation, by actively predicting the incoming flow. In every situation we encounter, that complex prediction machinery is already buzzing, proactively trying to anticipate the sensory barrage. The book shows in detail how this strange but potent strategy of self-anticipation ushers perception, understanding, and imagination simultaneously onto the cognitive stage.

The Oxford Handbook of Perceptual Organization

Johan Wagemans
The Oxford Handbook of Perceptual Organization Book PDF

Author : Johan Wagemans
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 980 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2015-08-21
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780191510472

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The Oxford Handbook of Perceptual Organization by Johan Wagemans Pdf

Perceptual organization comprises a wide range of processes such as perceptual grouping, figure-ground organization, filling-in, completion, perceptual switching, etc. Such processes are most notable in the context of shape perception but they also play a role in texture perception, lightness perception, color perception, motion perception, depth perception, etc. Perceptual organization deals with a variety of perceptual phenomena of central interest, studied from many different perspectives, including psychophysics, experimental psychology, neuropsychology, neuroimaging, neurophysiology, and computational modeling. Given its central importance in phenomenal experience, perceptual organization has also figured prominently in classic Gestalt writings on the topic, touching upon deep philosophical issues regarding mind-brain relationships and consciousness. In addition, it attracts a great deal of interest from people working in applied areas like visual art, design, architecture, music, and so forth. The Oxford Handbook of Perceptual Organization provides a broad and extensive review of the current literature, written in an accessible form for scholars and students. With chapter written by leading researchers in the field, this is the state-of-the-art reference work on this topic, and will be so for many years to come.

Proceedings of the European Cognitive Science Conference 2007

Stella Vosniadou,Daniel Kayser,Athanassios Protopapas
Proceedings of the European Cognitive Science Conference 2007 Book PDF

Author : Stella Vosniadou,Daniel Kayser,Athanassios Protopapas
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 975 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2017-09-29
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781317705550

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Proceedings of the European Cognitive Science Conference 2007 by Stella Vosniadou,Daniel Kayser,Athanassios Protopapas Pdf

This volume contains the invited lectures, invited symposia, symposia, papers and posters presented at the 2nd European Cognitive Science Conference held in Greece in May 2007. The papers presented in this volume range from empirical psychological studies and computational models to philosophical arguments, meta-analyses and even to neuroscientific experimentation. The quality of the work shows that the Cognitive Science Society in Europe is an exciting and vibrant one. There are 210 contributions by cognitive scientists from 27 different countries, including USA, France, UK, Germany, Greece, Italy, Belgium, Japan, Spain, the Netherlands, and Australia. This book will be of interest to anyone concerned with current research in Cognitive Science.

Spatial Biases in Perception and Cognition

Timothy L. Hubbard
Spatial Biases in Perception and Cognition Book PDF

Author : Timothy L. Hubbard
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 505 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2018-08-23
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781107154988

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Spatial Biases in Perception and Cognition by Timothy L. Hubbard Pdf

Numerous spatial biases influence navigation, interactions, and preferences in our environment. This volume considers their influences on perception and memory.

The Mind's Arrows

Clark N. Glymour
The Mind s Arrows Book PDF

Author : Clark N. Glymour
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 254 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 0262072203

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The Mind's Arrows by Clark N. Glymour Pdf

This title provides an introduction to assumptions, algorithms, and techniques of causal Bayes nets and graphical causal models in the context of psychological examples. It demonstrates their potential as a powerful tool for guiding experimental inquiry.

Bayesian Statistics for Experimental Scientists

Richard A. Chechile
Bayesian Statistics for Experimental Scientists Book PDF

Author : Richard A. Chechile
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 473 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2020-09-08
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780262044585

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Bayesian Statistics for Experimental Scientists by Richard A. Chechile Pdf

An introduction to the Bayesian approach to statistical inference that demonstrates its superiority to orthodox frequentist statistical analysis. This book offers an introduction to the Bayesian approach to statistical inference, with a focus on nonparametric and distribution-free methods. It covers not only well-developed methods for doing Bayesian statistics but also novel tools that enable Bayesian statistical analyses for cases that previously did not have a full Bayesian solution. The book's premise is that there are fundamental problems with orthodox frequentist statistical analyses that distort the scientific process. Side-by-side comparisons of Bayesian and frequentist methods illustrate the mismatch between the needs of experimental scientists in making inferences from data and the properties of the standard tools of classical statistics. The book first covers elementary probability theory, the binomial model, the multinomial model, and methods for comparing different experimental conditions or groups. It then turns its focus to distribution-free statistics that are based on having ranked data, examining data from experimental studies and rank-based correlative methods. Each chapter includes exercises that help readers achieve a more complete understanding of the material. The book devotes considerable attention not only to the linkage of statistics to practices in experimental science but also to the theoretical foundations of statistics. Frequentist statistical practices often violate their own theoretical premises. The beauty of Bayesian statistics, readers will learn, is that it is an internally coherent system of scientific inference that can be proved from probability theory.