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Biological Membranes in Toxicology by E. C. Foulkes Pdf
Using this concise yet complete introduction to all aspects of biological membranes and their responses to toxicants, the reader will understand the role of cell membranes in controlling uptake, distribution, extrusion and excretion of toxic xenobiotics. The book also covers the historical background and critically evaluates some of the experimenta
Author : M. W. Miller Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media Page : 545 pages File Size : 55,9 Mb Release : 2012-12-06 Category : Science ISBN : 9781468432794
Research on the study of membrane toxicity has advanced a great deal in a relatively short period of time, prompting scientists to re-examine the problems associated with carriers, receptors and reactors to toxic substances. This book presents current research on the responses of membranes to toxic sub stances both by direct observation of macromolecules reacting with these substances and by inference from data on the bio chemical responses of cells and cell fractions. Two basic areas of membrane toxicity are analyzed by a large number and variety of scientists in this field. The first area is the effect of various toxic substances on membrane structure and function. The second area is where the membrane serves as the site of rate limiting step of the transport of various toxic substances. The aim of the book is to evaluate present concepts of membrane structure and function in relation to exposure to envir onmental toxicants. The book is divided into five sessions: 1. Xenobiotics and Membrane Transport 2. Cellular Responses to Toxins 3. Effects of Membranes and Receptors 4. Modification of Membrane Function by Toxicological Agents 5. Toxic Chemicals as Molecular Probes of Membrane Structure and Function Each paper is generally concluded by an edited discussion which contains many useful and interesting additional insights in each subject area. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We gratefully acknowledge the support provided for this conference by the U. S. Energy Research and Development Administration, the Environmental Protection Agency and the University of Rochester.
Efforts to describe and model the molecular structure of biological membranes go back to the beginning of the last century. In 1917, Langmuir described membranes as a layer of lipids one molecule thick [1]. Eight years later, Gorter and Grendel concluded from their studies that “the phospholipid molecules that formed the cell membrane were arranged in two layers to form a lipid bilayer” [2]. Danielli and Robertson proposed, in 1935, a model in which the bilayer of lipids is sequestered between two monolayers of unfolded proteins [3], and the currently still accepted fuid mosaic model was proposed by Singer and Nicolson in 1972 [4]. Among those landmarks of biomembrane history, a serendipitous observation made by Alex Bangham during the early 1960s deserves undoubtedly a special place. His fnding that exposure of dry phospholipids to an excess of water gives rise to lamellar structures [5] has opened versatile experimental access to studying the biophysics and biochemistry of biological phospholipid membranes. Although during the following 4 decades biological membrane models have grown in complexity and functionality [6], liposomes are, besides supported bilayers, membrane nanodiscs, and hybrid membranes, still an indisputably important tool for membrane b- physicists and biochemists. In vol. II of this book, the reader will fnd detailed methods for the use of liposomes in studying a variety of biochemical and biophysical membrane phenomena concomitant with chapters describing a great palette of state-of-the-art analytical technologies.
A thorough understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the individual expression of toxic effects provides an important tool for assessment of human health risk. New aspects, major advances, and new areas in molecular and cellular biology and toxicology demand updated sources of information to elucidate the functional mechanics of human toxicology. Mechanistic Toxicology: The Molecular Basis of How Chemicals Disrupt Biological Targets, Second Edition retains the accessible format of the original to present the general principles that link xenobiotic-induced toxicity with the molecular pathways that underlie these toxic effects. Extensively illustrated, this book forms a conceptual bridge between multiple events at the molecular level and the determinants of toxicity at the physiological and cellular level. Specific examples of drugs, environmental pollutants, and other chemicals are carefully chosen to illustrate and highlight the fundamental mechanisms of toxicity at different toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic levels. The book includes references and review articles at the end of each chapter, as well as boxed text for relevant review information on biological, biochemical, molecular, and toxicological background. Linking molecular pathways to more general biomedical contexts, the author ensures that the reader is not lost in the details and instead receives a broad understanding of the processes underlying xenobiotic toxicity. New in the Second Edition Updated chapters Types of toxic responses Disruption of signal transduction by xenobiotics Disruption of mitochondrial function Novel mechanisms derived from systems toxicology
Molecular and Biochemical Toxicology by Robert C. Smart,Ernest Hodgson Pdf
Written as an advanced text for toxicology students, this book is much more than an introduction and provides in-depth information describing the underlying mechanisms through which toxicants produce their adverse responses. • Links traditional toxicology to modern molecular techniques, important for teaching to graduate courses and professional studies • Uses a didactic approach with basic biological or theoretical background for the methodology presented • Brings together and comprehensively covers a range of dynamic aspects in biochemical and molecular toxicology • Guides student and professional toxicologists in comprehending a broad range of issues, compiled and authored by a diverse group of experts • “A good introductory textbook covering the biochemical toxicology of organic substances and the relevant methodology in some detail.... It offers good value for money and can be recommended as a textbook for appropriate courses” – BTS Newsletter review of the 4th edition
Biological Membranes in Toxicology by E. C. Foulkes Pdf
Using this concise yet complete introduction to all aspects of biological membranes and their responses to toxicants, the reader will understand the role of cell membranes in controlling uptake, distribution, extrusion and excretion of toxic xenobiotics. The book also covers the historical background and critically evaluates some of the experimenta
Understanding Cell Toxicology by Erik Walum,Kjell Stenberg,Dag Jenssen Pdf
This study introduces the use of cells cultured in vitro for the analysis of drug toxicity, as well as cell structure as the end-point for toxicity, membrane permeability changes, cell proliferation and cell metabolism. A summary of in vitro toxicity testing is included in the text.
National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on National Monitoring of Human Tissues
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on National Monitoring of Human Tissues Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 224 pages File Size : 51,7 Mb Release : 1991-02-01 Category : Science ISBN : 9780309044370
Monitoring Human Tissues for Toxic Substances by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on National Monitoring of Human Tissues Pdf
The National Human Monitoring Program (NHMP) identifies concentrations of specific chemicals in human tissues, including toxicologic testing and risk assessment determinations. This volume evaluates the current activities of the NHMP; identifies important scientific, technical, and programmatic issues; and makes recommendations regarding the design of the program and use of its products.
An Introduction to Aquatic Toxicology by Mikko Nikinmaa Pdf
An Introduction to Aquatic Toxicology is an introductory reference for all aspects of toxicology pertaining to aquatic environments. As water sources diminish, the need to understand the effects that contaminants may have on aquatic organisms and ecosystems increases in importance. This book will provide you with a solid understanding of aquatic toxicology, its past, its cutting-edge present and its likely future. An Introduction to Aquatic Toxicology will introduce you to the global issue of aquatic contamination, detailing the major sources of contamination, from where they originate, and their effects on aquatic organisms and their environment. State-of-the-art toxicological topics covered include nanotoxicology, toxicogenomics, bioinformatics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, as well as water management and the toxicological effects of major environmental issues such as algal blooms, climate change and ocean acidification. This book is intended for anyone who wants to know more about the impact of toxicants on aquatic organisms and ecosystems, or to keep up to date with recent and future developments in the field. Provides with the latest perspectives on the impacts of toxicants on aquatic environments, such as nanotoxicology, toxicogenomics, ocean acidification and eutrophication Offers a complete overview, beginning with the origins of aquatic toxicology and concluding with potential future challenges Includes guidance on testing methods and a glossary of aquatic toxicology terms.
Information Resources in Toxicology by Philip Wexler Pdf
History: -- K.D. Watson, P. Wexler, and J. Everitt. -- Highlights in the History of Toxicology. -- Selected References in the History of Toxicology. -- A Historical Perspective of Toxicology Information Systems. -- Books and Special Documents: -- G.L. Kennedy, Jr., P. Wexler, N.S. Selzer, and L.A. Malley. -- General Texts. -- Analytical Toxicology. -- Animals in Research. -- Biomonitoring/Biomarkers. -- Biotechnology. -- Biotoxins. -- Cancer. -- Chemical Compendia. -- Chemical--Cosmetics and Other Consumer. -- Products. -- Chemical--Drugs. -- Chemical--Dust and Fibers. -- Chemical--Metals. -- Chemicals--Pesticides -- Chemicals--Solvents. -- Chemical--Selected Chemicals. -- Clinical Toxicology. -- Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology. -- Environmental Toxicology--General. -- Environmental Toxicology-- Aquatic. -- Environmental Toxicology--Atmospheric. -- Environmental Toxicology--Hazardous Waste. -- Environmental Toxicology--Terrestrial. -- Environmental Toxicology--Wildlife. -- Ep ...
A Practical Guide to Toxicology and Human Health Risk Assessment by Laura Robinson Pdf
Toxicology – the study of the adverse effects of chemicals on living organisms is the cornerstone to all aspects of chemical safety and knowledge of the subject is needed in a wide spectrum of fields from the chemical industry to medicine, emergency services, forensics, and regulatory science. Toxicology involves the study of symptoms, mechanisms, treatments and detection of poisoning ... especially the poisoning of people. The many problems arising from a poor understanding of toxicology and its applications in hazard communication and chemical safety motivated the author’s training courses and webinars, leading to this valuable book. Providing a practical and accessible guide, A Practical Guide to Toxicology and Human Health Risk Assessment enables readers to quickly build up knowledge and understanding of toxicology and its use in hazard identification, which is a fundamental part of chemical risk assessment. The book also covers current toxicological testing strategies and the use of physicochemical test data in hazard identification and exposure assessment. Examples are provided throughout the book to highlight important issues along with a summary of the key points that have been covered in each of the respective chapters. The book concludes with a listing of online resources on toxicology and risk assessment.
An Introduction to Biological Membranes by William Stillwell Pdf
Introduction to Biological Membranes: Composition, Structure and Function, Second Edition is a greatly expanded revision of the first edition that integrates many aspects of complex biological membrane functions with their composition and structure. A single membrane is composed of hundreds of proteins and thousands of lipids, all in constant flux. Every aspect of membrane structural studies involves parameters that are very small and fast. Both size and time ranges are so vast that multiple instrumentations must be employed, often simultaneously. As a result, a variety of highly specialized and esoteric biochemical and biophysical methodologies are often utilized. This book addresses the salient features of membranes at the molecular level, offering cohesive, foundational information for advanced undergraduate students, graduate students, biochemists, and membranologists who seek a broad overview of membrane science. Significantly expanded coverage on function, composition, and structure Brings together complex aspects of membrane research in a universally understandable manner Features profiles of membrane pioneers detailing how contemporary studies originated Includes a timeline of important discoveries related to membrane science
National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Subcommittee on Biologic Markers in Urinary Toxicology
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Subcommittee on Biologic Markers in Urinary Toxicology Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 322 pages File Size : 51,9 Mb Release : 1995-08-28 Category : Science ISBN : 9780309052283
Biologic Markers in Urinary Toxicology by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Subcommittee on Biologic Markers in Urinary Toxicology Pdf
Diseases of the kidney, bladder, and prostate exact an enormous human and economic toll on the population of the United States. This book examines prevention of these diseases through the development of reliable markers of susceptibility, exposure, and effect and the promise that new technologies in molecular biology and sophisticated understanding of metabolic pathways, along with classical approaches to the study of nephrotoxicants and carcinogens, can be developed and prevention of the diseases achieved. The specific recommendations included in this book complement those made in the previous three volumes on biomarkers, Biologic Markers in Reproductive Toxicology (1989), Biologic Markers in Pulmonary Toxicology (1989), and Biologic Markers in Immunotoxicology (1991).