Brain Acetylcholine And Neuropsychiatric Disease

Brain Acetylcholine And Neuropsychiatric Disease Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle version is available to download in english. Read online anytime anywhere directly from your device. Click on the download button below to get a free pdf file of Brain Acetylcholine And Neuropsychiatric Disease book. This book definitely worth reading, it is an incredibly well-written.

Brain Acetylcholine and Neuropsychiatric Disease

Kenneth L. Davis
Brain Acetylcholine and Neuropsychiatric Disease Book PDF

Author : Kenneth L. Davis
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 592 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2013-11-11
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781461329343

Get Book

Brain Acetylcholine and Neuropsychiatric Disease by Kenneth L. Davis Pdf

Recent years have witnessed a resurgence of interest in the possible role of brain acetylcholine in neuropsychiatric disease. Research in this area has involved the renewed investigation of the cholinomimetics physostigmine and arecoline, and has been facilitated by the development of new potential cholinomimetics such as dimethylaminoethanol (Deanol) and choline chloride. Current investigators also have taken advantage of new approaches to neurochemical studies. Increasingly sensitive assay techniques such as gas chromatography/mass spectrometry have allowed investigators to measure low concentra tions of choline and acetylcholine in brain tissues. Improved neuroanatomical procedures such as immunohistochemical staining and the use of microelectrodes and micropipets have enabled skilled investigators to begin to map central acetylcholine pathways and to dissect the component parts of the complex interactions between brain acetylcholine and other neurotransmitters. The convergence of data from both clinical and basic studies now suggest that brain acetylcholine may be involved in affective illness, several movement disorders, and some cognitive disturbances. The purpose of this book is to summarize recent clinical and pre-clinical investigations on the possible role of brain acetylcholine in several neurological and psychiatric disorders. The volume is divided into six major sections: (1) Brain Acetylcholine and Psychiatric Disorders; (2) Brain Acetylcholine and Movement Disorders; (3) Brain Acetylcholine and Cognitive Function; (4) The Electrophysiology of Cholinergic Agents; (5) Interactions of Brain Acetylcholine and Other Neurotransmitters; (6) Biochemical and Pharmacological Aspects of CholinergiC Treatment Strategies.

Brain Cholinergic Mechanisms

Sukumar Vijayaraghavan,Geeta Sharma
Brain Cholinergic Mechanisms Book PDF

Author : Sukumar Vijayaraghavan,Geeta Sharma
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 129 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2016-01-22
Category : Acetylcholine
ISBN : 9782889197149

Get Book

Brain Cholinergic Mechanisms by Sukumar Vijayaraghavan,Geeta Sharma Pdf

Much of our understanding of brain physiology has focused on what one might call, first order processes. These essentially include the primary synaptic mechanisms underlying excitation (mainly glutamate) and inhibition (mainly GABA). Our attention has focused on how the balance of excitation and inhibition regulates the timing, patterns, and extent of information flow across various circuits. A lot less is understood regarding second order processes that sculpt and modify these primary interactions. One such modulatory transmitter in the brain is acetylcholine (ACh). The importance of ACh in modulating various behaviors related to learning, memory, and attention has been recognized over the last four decades as has its involvement in various neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. However, our understanding of the mechanistic bases for these actions is at its infancy, at best and much remains to be understood. The array of receptor subtypes for nicotinic and muscarinic receptors, their different locations, and complex signal transduction mechanisms remain a puzzle. Transmitter (ACh) release sites and their relationship to receptor loci are poorly understood. Overall, we lack a unifying framework for conceptualizing how disparate actions of the transmitter on receptors lead to circuit modulation and, eventually, influences on cognition. By its very nature, reports on cholinergic signaling are quite scattered, presented in journals across sub-disciplines and in the context of the systems they modulate. Hence, there is need for consolidation of these studies under a single cover that would allow one to compare and contrast the effects of this transmitter across systems and contexts. This special issue represents one such compilation. The issue addresses cholinergic modulation of defined circuits that lead to specific behaviors and consists of a judicious mixture of review articles and primary papers. The articles focus on three aspects of the system: 1) Cellular targets of cholinergic signaling. 2) Receptor mechanisms. 3) Endogenous transmitter distribution and action. While no common mechanism emerges that can explain cholinergic actions on brain functions, on can postulate that the transmitter system is dynamic, modulating the balance of excitation and inhibition in various circuits. This modulation sets up timed network oscillations and it is tempting to speculate that these oscillations form a template for better encoding of afferent inputs. One can broadly envision the role of the cholinergic system as facilitating processes that allow for more efficient acquisition of learning and engraving of memories. Thus, understanding the mechanisms underlying tonic and stimulus-dependent release of ACh and how it alters firing templates of neuronal networks would be the first step towards elucidating its role in learning and memory. This special topics edition provides clues to some of the actions of ACh. It is hoped that the articles allow the reader to extract common themes and potential mechanisms of cholinergic regulation that will lead to elucidation of general principles governing the actions of this important neuromodulator.

Brain Neurotrauma

Firas H. Kobeissy
Brain Neurotrauma Book PDF

Author : Firas H. Kobeissy
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 718 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2015-02-25
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781466565999

Get Book

Brain Neurotrauma by Firas H. Kobeissy Pdf

With the contribution from more than one hundred CNS neurotrauma experts, this book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account on the latest developments in the area of neurotrauma including biomarker studies, experimental models, diagnostic methods, and neurotherapeutic intervention strategies in brain injury research. It discusses neurotrauma mechanisms, biomarker discovery, and neurocognitive and neurobehavioral deficits. Also included are medical interventions and recent neurotherapeutics used in the area of brain injury that have been translated to the area of rehabilitation research. In addition, a section is devoted to models of milder CNS injury, including sports injuries.

Histamine in the brain

Jian-Sheng Lin,Pertti Panula,Maria Beatrice Passani
Histamine in the brain Book PDF

Author : Jian-Sheng Lin,Pertti Panula,Maria Beatrice Passani
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 100 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2015-03-18
Category : Brain
ISBN : 9782889194346

Get Book

Histamine in the brain by Jian-Sheng Lin,Pertti Panula,Maria Beatrice Passani Pdf

Brain aminergic pathways are organized in parallel and interacting systems, which support a range of functions, from homoeostatic regulations to cognitive, and motivational processes. Despite overlapping functional influences, dopamine, serotonin, noradrenaline and histamine systems provide different contributions to these processes. The histaminergic system, long ignored as a major regulator of the sleep-wake cycle, has now been fully acknowledged also as a major coordinator of attention, learning and memory, decision making. Although histaminergic neurons project widely to the whole brain, they are functionally heterogeneous, a feature which may provide the substrate for differential regulation, in a region-specific manner, of other neurotransmitter systems. Neurochemical preclinical studies have clearly shown that histamine interacts and modulates the release of neurotransmitters that are recognized as major modulators of cognitive processing and motivated behaviours. As a consequence, the histamine system has been proposed as a therapeutic target to treat sleep-wake disorders and cognitive dysfunctions that accompany neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory pathologies. Last decades have witnessed an unexpected explosion of interest in brain histamine system, as new receptors have been discovered and selective ligands synthesised. Nevertheless, the complete picture of the histamine systems fine-tuning and its orchestration with other pathways remains rather elusive. This Research Topic is intended to offer an inter-disciplinary forum that will improve our current understanding of the role of brain histamine and provide the fundamentals necessary to drive innovation in clinical practice and to improve the management and treatment of neurological disorders.

Cholinergic Mechanisms

Giancarlo Pepeu
Cholinergic Mechanisms Book PDF

Author : Giancarlo Pepeu
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 964 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2013-03-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781468486438

Get Book

Cholinergic Mechanisms by Giancarlo Pepeu Pdf

Every three years early Spring witnesses the convening of a small group of neuroscientists from many parts of the world. They are devoted to the study of acetylcholine, the oldest of the known neurotransmitters. To assess the level of knowledge, to take stock of the still unsolved problems, to evaluate the practical meaning of their findings, the cholinologists first met in 1969 in the eerie atmosphere of a snow-covered Swedish forest, the second in the Swiss Alps, the third facing the surf and foam of the Paci fic waves. Finally in March 1980 Florence, her trees burgeoning in the mild rain of March, confronted them with the temptation of her monuments and museums. But the cholinologists bravely dismis sed the temptations and went on with the presentations and discus sions of the many papers which form the present book. The papers describe the most recent development of investiga tions on acetylcholine. They open with an extensive coverage of the developmental and phylogenetic aspects of the cholinergic neurons. The regulation of acetylcholine synthesis, release, post synaptic, electrical and trophic effects in the peripheral chol inergic synapses including ganglia, neuromuscular junction, myen theric plexus and heart is then covered. Special emphasis is given to the cholinergic mechanisms in the eye.

The Neurobiological Basis of Suicide

Yogesh Dwivedi
The Neurobiological Basis of Suicide Book PDF

Author : Yogesh Dwivedi
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 485 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2012-06-25
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781439838815

Get Book

The Neurobiological Basis of Suicide by Yogesh Dwivedi Pdf

With recent studies using genetic, epigenetic, and other molecular and neurochemical approaches, a new era has begun in understanding pathophysiology of suicide. Emerging evidence suggests that neurobiological factors are not only critical in providing potential risk factors but also provide a promising approach to develop more effective treatment and prevention strategies. The Neurobiological Basis of Suicide discusses the most recent findings in suicide neurobiology. Psychological, psychosocial, and cultural factors are important in determining the risk factors for suicide; however, they offer weak prediction and can be of little clinical use. Interestingly, cognitive characteristics are different among depressed suicidal and depressed nonsuicidal subjects, and could be involved in the development of suicidal behavior. The characterization of the neurobiological basis of suicide is in delineating the risk factors associated with suicide. The Neurobiological Basis of Suicide focuses on how and why these neurobiological factors are crucial in the pathogenic mechanisms of suicidal behavior and how these findings can be transformed into potential therapeutic applications.

Imaging of the Human Brain in Health and Disease

Philip Seeman,Bertha Madras
Imaging of the Human Brain in Health and Disease Book PDF

Author : Philip Seeman,Bertha Madras
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 534 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2013-11-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780124186842

Get Book

Imaging of the Human Brain in Health and Disease by Philip Seeman,Bertha Madras Pdf

Brain imaging technology remains at the forefront of advances in both our understanding of the brain and our ability to diagnose and treat brain disease and disorders. Imaging of the Human Brain in Health and Disease examines the localization of neurotransmitter receptors in the nervous system of normal, healthy humans and compares that with humans who are suffering from various neurologic diseases. Opening chapters introduce the basic science of imaging neurotransmitters, including sigma, acetylcholine, opioid, and dopamine receptors. Imaging the healthy and diseased brain includes brain imaging of anger, pain, autism, the release of dopamine, the impact of cannabinoids, and Alzheimer's disease. This book is a valuable companion to a wide range of scholars, students, and researchers in neuroscience, clinical neurology, and psychiatry, and provides a detailed introduction to the application of advanced imaging to the treatment of brain disorders and disease. A focused introduction to imaging healthy and diseased brains Focuses on the primary neurotransmitter release Includes sigma, acetylcholine, opioid, and dopamine receptors Presents the imaging of healthy and diseased brains via anger, pain, autism, and Alzheimer's disease

Cholinergic Function and Dysfunction

A. Claudio Cuello
Cholinergic Function and Dysfunction Book PDF

Author : A. Claudio Cuello
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 486 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780444897176

Get Book

Cholinergic Function and Dysfunction by A. Claudio Cuello Pdf

Presents a comprehensive update of central cholinergic mechanisms from their most molecular aspects to possible clinical applications modifying cholinergic neurotransmission. A considerable number of high-calibre scientists from several continents contributed to this volume.

Exploring the Vertebrate Central Cholinergic Nervous System

Alexander G. Karczmar
Exploring the Vertebrate Central Cholinergic Nervous System Book PDF

Author : Alexander G. Karczmar
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 698 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2007-04-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780387465265

Get Book

Exploring the Vertebrate Central Cholinergic Nervous System by Alexander G. Karczmar Pdf

Even if the “weapons of mass destruction” (WMD) and, among them, stocks of organoph- phorus (OP) agents (also referred to as war gases and nerve gases) were not found in Iraq following the US-Iraq war, the relative ease with which these substances can be made from harmless precursors and the low cost of their manufacture will continue to fascinate pow- hungry, ruthless dictators, as well as multinational and international terrorists, particularly as the close relationship between the OP agents and useful insecticides makes it easy to disguise the importation and purchase of small amounts of the precursors. Indeed, the use by Saddam Hussein of a nerve gas against the Kurds and his possible employment of the OP agents during his war with Iran, and the Sarin attack in the Tokyo underground by an extremist religious set magnetized the world with respect to the OP drugs. As these drugs exert their toxicity via their cholinergic action on the nervous, particularly central nervous, system, it is no wonder that the research in the cholinergic ? eld attracts, and merits, our intense attention. These considerations underlie the signi? cance of this book, as Alex Karczmar devotes an entire chapter of Exploring the Vertebrate Central Cholinergic Nervous System to anticholinest- ases (antiChEs), and as he is an acknowledged expert in the ? eld of cholinergic toxicity as well as a consultant to the Surgeon General of the U. S. Army.

Central Cholinergic Mechanisms and Adaptive Dysfunctions

Man Singh
Central Cholinergic Mechanisms and Adaptive Dysfunctions Book PDF

Author : Man Singh
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 544 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781468412185

Get Book

Central Cholinergic Mechanisms and Adaptive Dysfunctions by Man Singh Pdf

Although serious interest in studying the role of central cho linergic processes in psychopathology is just beginning to emerge, experimental literature on the part played by cholinergic mechanisms in brain behavior. reiations is quite extensive. During the past thirty years, cholinergic research has contributed significantly to the characterization and differentiation of adaptive mechanisms in volved in input selection, perception, cortical, autonomic and behav ioral activation, learning, memory, and inhibitory control of behav ioral outputs. To say that dysfunction of one or more of these mech anisms may be at the root of neuropsychiatric illnesses such as schiz ophrenia would be stating the obvious. This book examines the part cholinergic processes might play in dysfunctions of the adaptive processes involved in higher brain func tions and their significance for the pathogenesis, classification, etiology, and treatment of psychopathological conditions. In a series of wide ranging reviews of the available information, the subject is discussed from a variety of perspectives, using data derived from both experimental and clinical research. The purpose is not so much to determine whether cholinergic excess or deficiency is causal in this or that neuropsychiatric syndrome, but rather to try to understand the disease mechanisms in terms of adaptive processes in which cholinergic systems seem to play an important part.

Antiepileptic Drugs

Hans-Hasso Frey,D. Janz
Antiepileptic Drugs Book PDF

Author : Hans-Hasso Frey,D. Janz
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 871 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783642695186

Get Book

Antiepileptic Drugs by Hans-Hasso Frey,D. Janz Pdf

Epileptic disorders need treatment for many years or even for life, and this makes a thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics and possible hazards and side effects of the drugs used in treatment mandatory. During recent decades our knowledge in this field has considerably increased, not least as a result of the development of specific and sensitive methods for the determination of anti epileptic agents in biological material. The clinical pharmacology of this group of drugs has been studied extensively and can today be regarded as well established. This does not necessarily mean that drug treatment of epilepsy is without problems. For example, it has recently been shown that one of the newer anti epileptic drugs, greeted with great enthusiasm by clinicians, may in rare instances induce serious damage to the liver and the pancreas, and seems even to have a certain teratogenic potential. Clinical problems should be understood as a challenge to the experimental pharmacologist, who should try to find explanations for the clinical hazards, and, if possible, show new ways in which better drugs might be developed. In recent years interest has focused on the importance of the inhibitory transmitter 'l'-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the pathophysiology of epilepsy, and there have been a series of attempts to find useful antiepileptic drugs among substances interfering with GABA metabolism in the CNS.

Magnesium in the Central Nervous System

Robert Vink,Mihai Nechifor
Magnesium in the Central Nervous System Book PDF

Author : Robert Vink,Mihai Nechifor
Publisher : University of Adelaide Press
Page : 354 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780987073051

Get Book

Magnesium in the Central Nervous System by Robert Vink,Mihai Nechifor Pdf

The brain is the most complex organ in our body. Indeed, it is perhaps the most complex structure we have ever encountered in nature. Both structurally and functionally, there are many peculiarities that differentiate the brain from all other organs. The brain is our connection to the world around us and by governing nervous system and higher function, any disturbance induces severe neurological and psychiatric disorders that can have a devastating effect on quality of life. Our understanding of the physiology and biochemistry of the brain has improved dramatically in the last two decades. In particular, the critical role of cations, including magnesium, has become evident, even if incompletely understood at a mechanistic level. The exact role and regulation of magnesium, in particular, remains elusive, largely because intracellular levels are so difficult to routinely quantify. Nonetheless, the importance of magnesium to normal central nervous system activity is self-evident given the complicated homeostatic mechanisms that maintain the concentration of this cation within strict limits essential for normal physiology and metabolism. There is also considerable accumulating evidence to suggest alterations to some brain functions in both normal and pathological conditions may be linked to alterations in local magnesium concentration. This book, containing chapters written by some of the foremost experts in the field of magnesium research, brings together the latest in experimental and clinical magnesium research as it relates to the central nervous system. It offers a complete and updated view of magnesiums involvement in central nervous system function and in so doing, brings together two main pillars of contemporary neuroscience research, namely providing an explanation for the molecular mechanisms involved in brain function, and emphasizing the connections between the molecular changes and behavior. It is the untiring efforts of those magnesium researchers who have dedicated their lives to unraveling the mysteries of magnesiums role in biological systems that has inspired the collation of this volume of work.

Progress in Drug Research / Fortschritte der Arzneimittelforschung / Progrès des recherches pharmaceutiques

JUCKER,MEYER
Progress in Drug Research Fortschritte der Arzneimittelforschung Progr s des recherches pharmaceutiques Book PDF

Author : JUCKER,MEYER
Publisher : Birkhäuser
Page : 540 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2013-03-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783034891547

Get Book

Progress in Drug Research / Fortschritte der Arzneimittelforschung / Progrès des recherches pharmaceutiques by JUCKER,MEYER Pdf

In the first years of the existence of this series of monographs, during the so-called "Golden Age" of drug research, the majority of the pa pers published were mainly concerned with the traditional domains of drug research, namely chemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and pre clinical investigations. The series' aim was to give coverage to impor tant areas of research, to introduce new active substances with thera peutic potential and to call attention to unsolved problems. This objective has not changed. The table of contents of the present volume makes evident, however, that the search for new medicines has become increasingly complex, and additional, new disciplines have entered the research arena. The series now includes reviews on bio chemical, biological, immunological, physiological and medicinal aspects of drug research. Researchers actively engaged in the various scientific fields forming the entity of drug research can benefit from the wealth of knowledge and experience of the respective authors, and will be assisted in their endeavour to discover new pharmaceutical agents. Those simply wanting to keep abreast of new developments in the complex, multi-discipline science can turn to the "Progress in Drug Research" volumes as an almost encyclopaedic source of information without having to consult the innumerable original publications. Volume 32 contains 12 reviews, a subject index, an index for the close to 400 articles published in the series so far, and an author and titles index for all 32 volumes.

Cholinergic Mechanisms: From Molecular Biology to Clinical Significance

J. Klein,K. Löffelholz
Cholinergic Mechanisms From Molecular Biology to Clinical Significance Book PDF

Author : J. Klein,K. Löffelholz
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 376 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 1996-12-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780080862347

Get Book

Cholinergic Mechanisms: From Molecular Biology to Clinical Significance by J. Klein,K. Löffelholz Pdf

This volume offers a comprehensive update and overview of the field of cholinergic transmission as presented by some thirty distinguished investigators who were recruited for their task from Germany, Great Britain, Canada, USA, Sweden, Israel, France and Italy. Exciting new discoveries, described in this volume, are due to recent methodological breakthroughs. These discoveries throw new light on many areas of cholinergic mechanisms.

The Physiological Basis of Memory

J. Anthony Deutsch
The Physiological Basis of Memory Book PDF

Author : J. Anthony Deutsch
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 448 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-02
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780323149969

Get Book

The Physiological Basis of Memory by J. Anthony Deutsch Pdf

The Physiological Basis of Memory, Second Edition reviews many areas of research that shed light on the physiological basis of memory, from mnemonic function and memory facilitation to synaptic transmission. The book also considers neuropsychology involving animal subjects, learning produced by direct brain stimulation, and the basis of associative learning at the cellular level. This edition is organized into 10 chapters and begins with an overview of the link between protein synthesis and memory, paying attention to studies devoted to chemical changes associated with learning; the effect of inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis on learning; the molecular code of memory; and the role of proteins in learning. The reader is methodically introduced to the enhancement of memory consolidation; the use of the cellular-connection approach to investigate both non-associative and associative learning; and the effect of depression on memory storage. The following chapters discuss the impact of brain lesions on animal memory; the neurology of memory and amnesia in human and nonhuman primates; the function of the neural substrate for self-stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle; and the effects of electroconvulsive shock on memory. A chapter on the role of catecholamines in memory processing concludes the book. This book should be useful to researchers and students interested in the physiology of memory.