Central Neurotransmitter Turnover

Author : C. J. Pycock,P. V. Taberner
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 206 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461597780

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Central Neurotransmitter Turnover by C. J. Pycock,P. V. Taberner Pdf

The concept of chemical transmission in the central nervous system has taken some time to be generally accepted, but an increasing number of compounds are now being recognized as hav ing a transmitter role in the brain. The acetylcholine system was the first to be discovered in the periphery and its charac teristic features of storage of transmitter in vesicles in the nerve terminal, its electrically-evoked release and rapid extra neuronal breakdown were considered to be necessary criteria for any neurotransmitter candidate. The subsequent elucidation of the noradrenergic system made it apparent that rapid enzymatic breakdown was not essential for a released transmitter, and the possibility of high-affinity re-uptake processes became establ ished as an alternative means of terminating the synaptic actions of a transmitter. With the eventual acceptance of the amino acids as excitat ory or inhibitory transmitters, the requirement for a transmit ter to be present in a low concentration overall (although locally concentrated in specific terminals) also had to be discarded. This necessitated the additional concept of specif ic metabolic pools with different functions being located in different cells or within different regions of the same cell. Some localization of glutamate and aspartate remote from excit able membranes is clearly essential since their overall brain concentrations would be sufficient to maximally depolarize the majority of neurones in the brain. The concept of separate metabolic pools has been supported by stUdies on turnover rate (see Chapter 5).

Author : Christopher J. Pycock,P. V. Taberner
Publisher : University Park Press
Page : 197 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 1981-01-01
Category : Neurotransmitters
ISBN : 0839116446

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Central Neurotransmitter Turnover by Christopher J. Pycock,P. V. Taberner Pdf

Author : Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Military Nutrition Research
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 560 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 1994-02-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309050883

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Food Components to Enhance Performance by Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Military Nutrition Research Pdf

The physiological or psychological stresses that employees bring to their workplace affect not only their own performance but that of their co-workers and others. These stresses are often compounded by those of the job itself. Medical personnel, firefighters, police, and military personnel in combat settingsâ€"among othersâ€"experience highly unpredictable timing and types of stressors. This book reviews and comments on the performance-enhancing potential of specific food components. It reflects the views of military and non-military scientists from such fields as neuroscience, nutrition, physiology, various medical specialties, and performance psychology on the most up-to-date research available on physical and mental performance enhancement in stressful conditions. Although placed within the context of military tasks, the volume will have wide-reaching implications for individuals in any job setting.

Author : Israel Hanin
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 270 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 1974
Category : Science
ISBN : UOM:39015000826332

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Choline and Acetylcholine: Handbook of Chemical Assay Methods by Israel Hanin Pdf

Author : Federico Bermudez-Rattoni
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2007-04-17
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781420008418

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Neural Plasticity and Memory by Federico Bermudez-Rattoni Pdf

A comprehensive, multidisciplinary review, Neural Plasticity and Memory: From Genes to Brain Imaging provides an in-depth, up-to-date analysis of the study of the neurobiology of memory. Leading specialists share their scientific experience in the field, covering a wide range of topics where molecular, genetic, behavioral, and brain imaging techniq

Author : Leslie A. Pray,Institute of Medicine,Ann L. Yaktine,Food and Nutrition Board,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Diana E. Pankevich,Planning Committee for a Workshop on Potential Health Hazards Associated with Consumption of Caffeine in Food and Dietary Supplements
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 0309297494

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Caffeine in Food and Dietary Supplements by Leslie A. Pray,Institute of Medicine,Ann L. Yaktine,Food and Nutrition Board,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Diana E. Pankevich,Planning Committee for a Workshop on Potential Health Hazards Associated with Consumption of Caffeine in Food and Dietary Supplements Pdf

Caffeine in Food and Dietary Supplements is the summary of a workshop convened by the Institute of Medicine in August 2013 to review the available science on safe levels of caffeine consumption in foods, beverages, and dietary supplements and to identify data gaps. Scientists with expertise in food safety, nutrition, pharmacology, psychology, toxicology, and related disciplines; medical professionals with pediatric and adult patient experience in cardiology, neurology, and psychiatry; public health professionals; food industry representatives; regulatory experts; and consumer advocates discussed the safety of caffeine in food and dietary supplements, including, but not limited to, caffeinated beverage products, and identified data gaps. Caffeine, a central nervous stimulant, is arguably the most frequently ingested pharmacologically active substance in the world. Occurring naturally in more than 60 plants, including coffee beans, tea leaves, cola nuts and cocoa pods, caffeine has been part of innumerable cultures for centuries. But the caffeine-in-food landscape is changing. There are an array of new caffeine-containing energy products, from waffles to sunflower seeds, jelly beans to syrup, even bottled water, entering the marketplace. Years of scientific research have shown that moderate consumption by healthy adults of products containing naturally-occurring caffeine is not associated with adverse health effects. The changing caffeine landscape raises concerns about safety and whether any of these new products might be targeting populations not normally associated with caffeine consumption, namely children and adolescents, and whether caffeine poses a greater health risk to those populations than it does for healthy adults. This report delineates vulnerable populations who may be at risk from caffeine exposure; describes caffeine exposure and risk of cardiovascular and other health effects on vulnerable populations, including additive effects with other ingredients and effects related to pre-existing conditions; explores safe caffeine exposure levels for general and vulnerable populations; and identifies data gaps on caffeine stimulant effects.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Committee on Military Nutrition Research
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 448 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 1999-09-15
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780309172813

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The Role of Protein and Amino Acids in Sustaining and Enhancing Performance by Institute of Medicine,Committee on Military Nutrition Research Pdf

It is a commonly held belief that athletes, particularly body builders, have greater requirements for dietary protein than sedentary individuals. However, the evidence in support of this contention is controversial. This book is the latest in a series of publications designed to inform both civilian and military scientists and personnel about issues related to nutrition and military service. Among the many other stressors they experience, soldiers face unique nutritional demands during combat. Of particular concern is the role that dietary protein might play in controlling muscle mass and strength, response to injury and infection, and cognitive performance. The first part of the book contains the committee's summary of the workshop, responses to the Army's questions, conclusions, and recommendations. The remainder of the book contains papers contributed by speakers at the workshop on such topics as, the effects of aging and hormones on regulation of muscle mass and function, alterations in protein metabolism due to the stress of injury or infection, the role of individual amino acids, the components of proteins, as neurotransmitters, hormones, and modulators of various physiological processes, and the efficacy and safety considerations associated with dietary supplements aimed at enhancing performance.

Author : National Library of Medicine (U.S.)
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1550 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2024-06-26
Category : Medicine
ISBN : UOM:39015007732178

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Current Catalog by National Library of Medicine (U.S.) Pdf

First multi-year cumulation covers six years: 1965-70.

Author : Alejandro Bayon
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 341 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780323155229

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In VIVO Perfusion and Release of Neroactive substances by Alejandro Bayon Pdf

In Vivo Perfusion and Release of Neuroactive Substances: Methods and Strategies examines the perfusion and release methods and strategies used to study in vivo neurochemistry in relation to electrophysiological and behavioral events. More specifically, it reviews methodological alternatives and experimental strategies for investigating the in vivo perfusion and release of brain substances in the central nervous system. It also assesses the potential and limitations of in vivo perfusion methods, including high-pressure liquid chromatography and highly sensitive as well as specific immunoassays and receptor assays, as a means to discover novel neurochemicals recovered from perfusates. Organized into two sections comprised of 17 chapters, this book begins with an overview of methodological alternatives and experimental strategies that are deemed critical for the outcome of research on the perfusion and release of neuroactive substances in the CNS. It then discusses the personal experiences of the scientists in studying the in vivo neurochemistry and its correlation with other neural events. The chapters that follow focus on the chemical, bioelectrical, and behavioral aspects of brain function; interdisciplinary techniques for approaching problems of neuronal connectivity, neuroendocrinology, motor behavior, neuropathology, etc.; technical issues associated with push-pull perfusion in unanesthetized and unrestrained experimental animals; hippocampal involvement in the effects of ethyl alcohol; and the use of the push-pull perfusion technique in neuroendocrinology. This book will be of interest to specialists and neuroscientists as well as students working in the fields of neuroscience, neurochemistry, and neuroendocrinology.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 85 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783642699504

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Transmitter Molecules in the Brain by Anonim Pdf

This second volume of Basic and Clinical Aspects of Neuroscience is devoted to the various transmitter systems of the brain (classical and neuropeptides). In Part I the basic aspects are given, including a critical appraisal of the methods used yesterday and today to describe such neurotransmitter systems. Part II concentrates on the functioning in the body of these transmitter systems under physiologic and pathologic conditions. It goes on to show how neuroendocrine investigations may give insights into the functioning of neurotransmitter sys tems at least in the hypothalamus, to end with a chapter which assesses very critically the errors and deficiencies of the concepts and techniques used in the attempt to understand the functioning of the brain and the mind. The editors have been fortunate to have the eight chapters written by a team of investigators working under the direction of Professor G. Fink in the MRC Brain Metabolic Unit at Edinburgh University. We are grateful to him and his colleagues for their work in writing these chapters and for the fine result they achieved. I am grateful for the editorial work done by Professor E. E. Muller (Milan) and Professor M. O. Thorner (Charlottesville), which made this volume possible. Basle, May 1987 E. Fluckiger Managing Editor Table of Contents Part I: Biochemistry of Transmitter Molecules Introduction: Role of Chemical Neurotransmission in Brain Function G.FINK References 4 Classical Transmitters and Neuromodulators 1. K. MCQUEEN Process of Synaptic Transmission. 7 Classification of Synaptic Messengers 7 Dale's Principle ...... .

Author : Zygmunt L. Kruk
Publisher : Springer
Page : 211 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2014-11-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461575177

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Neurotransmitters and Drugs by Zygmunt L. Kruk Pdf

Author : Golam Khandaker,Neil Harrison,Edward Bullmore,Robert Dantzer
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 357 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2021-09-23
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781108424042

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Textbook of Immunopsychiatry by Golam Khandaker,Neil Harrison,Edward Bullmore,Robert Dantzer Pdf

An essential book summarizing cutting-edge evidence on the role of the immune system and immunotherapies in psychiatric disorders.

Author : Yogesh Dwivedi
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 485 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2012-06-25
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781439838815

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The Neurobiological Basis of Suicide by Yogesh Dwivedi Pdf

With recent studies using genetic, epigenetic, and other molecular and neurochemical approaches, a new era has begun in understanding pathophysiology of suicide. Emerging evidence suggests that neurobiological factors are not only critical in providing potential risk factors but also provide a promising approach to develop more effective treatment and prevention strategies. The Neurobiological Basis of Suicide discusses the most recent findings in suicide neurobiology. Psychological, psychosocial, and cultural factors are important in determining the risk factors for suicide; however, they offer weak prediction and can be of little clinical use. Interestingly, cognitive characteristics are different among depressed suicidal and depressed nonsuicidal subjects, and could be involved in the development of suicidal behavior. The characterization of the neurobiological basis of suicide is in delineating the risk factors associated with suicide. The Neurobiological Basis of Suicide focuses on how and why these neurobiological factors are crucial in the pathogenic mechanisms of suicidal behavior and how these findings can be transformed into potential therapeutic applications.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 585 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783642466250

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Catecholamines I by Anonim Pdf

Catecholamines are important transmitter substances in the autonomic and central nervous systems. These two volumes provide a comprehensive presentation of the state-of-the-art of catecholamine research and development in the past 15 years. The volumes present in-depth reviews of topical areas of catecholamine research in which substantial progress has been made and which are of current interest to various theoretical and clinical disciplines. Each topic has been dealt with by an established expert. Clinical subjects of relevant importance are included. Catecholamines are of interest in pharmacology, physiology, biochemistry, as well as in neurology, psychiatry, internal medicine (cardiology, hypertension, asthma), ophthalmology and anesthesiology.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 1084 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 1997-10-20
Category : Medical
ISBN : 008058134X

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Catecholamines: Bridging Basic Science with Clinical Medicine by Anonim Pdf

This volume in Advances in Pharmacology focuses on all aspects of catecholamine research, from very basic to medical. It is broad based and covers many areas within physiology and medicine.