Climate Change Impacts And Adaptation Options In The Agrifood System
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Climate change impacts and adaptation options in the agrifood system by Campbell, B. Pdf
This paper summarizes the findings of the Working Group II contributions to the International Panel on Climate Change’s Sixth Assessment Report which runs into over 3 000 pages, focusing on the assessment’s conclusions and their effect on agrifood systems. The Assessment Reports of the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) are important as they provide policy makers with state of knowledge assessments on climate change, its implications, and potential future risks. These assessments also put forward adaptation and mitigation options.
Sulser, Timothy,Wiebe, Keith D.,Dunston, Shahnila,Cenacchi, Nicola,Nin-Pratt, Alejandro,Mason-D’Croz, Daniel,Robertson, Richard D.,Willenbockel, Dirk,Rosegrant, Mark W.
Author : Sulser, Timothy,Wiebe, Keith D.,Dunston, Shahnila,Cenacchi, Nicola,Nin-Pratt, Alejandro,Mason-D’Croz, Daniel,Robertson, Richard D.,Willenbockel, Dirk,Rosegrant, Mark W. Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst Page : 62 pages File Size : 44,9 Mb Release : 2021-06-16 Category : Political Science ISBN : 8210379456XXX
Climate change and hunger: Estimating costs of adaptation in the agrifood system by Sulser, Timothy,Wiebe, Keith D.,Dunston, Shahnila,Cenacchi, Nicola,Nin-Pratt, Alejandro,Mason-D’Croz, Daniel,Robertson, Richard D.,Willenbockel, Dirk,Rosegrant, Mark W. Pdf
This report assesses the cost of adaptation to climate change across a range of future climate scenarios and investment options. We focus on offsetting climate change impacts on hunger through investment in agricultural research, water management, and rural infrastructure in developing countries. We link climate, crop, water, and economic models to (1) analyze scenarios of future change in the agriculture sector to 2050 and (2) assess trade-offs for these investments across key Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for poverty, hunger, and water. Our reference projections show that climate change slows progress toward eliminating hunger, with an additional 78 million people facing chronic hunger in 2050 relative to a no-climate-change future, over half of them in Africa south of the Sahara. Increased investments can offset these impacts. Achieving this would require that annual investment in international agricultural research increase from US$1.62 billion to US$2.77 billion per year between 2015 and 2050. Additional water and infrastructure investments are estimated to be more expensive than agricultural R&D at about US$12.7 billion and US$10.8 billion per year, respectively, but these address key gaps to support transformation toward food system resiliency. Findings on ranges of costs and trade-offs and complementarities across SDGs will help policymakers make better-informed choices between alternative investment strategies.
Catalysing climate solutions by Angioni, C.,Haensel, M.,Wolf, J. Pdf
Due to the urgent need to protect communities, ecosystems, and economies from the impacts of a changing climate, adaptation is becoming increasingly relevant. Climate change is already a significant stressor on most global and local value chains and threatens food security. This makes timely implementation of sustainable adaptation actions that catalyse agrifood system resilience indispensable for working towards better nutrition, better environments and better production, leaving no one behind. Recognizing the important role adaptation plays for agrifood systems, and its prominence in the Paris Agreement, the paper presents and reflects on FAO’s repertoire of different adaptation actions and solutions. Complementing the conclusion of the Global Stocktake at COP28, it comprehensively summarizes FAO’s efforts to boost progress in global adaptation actions. The paper (a) emphasizes the importance of bringing agrifood systems into the global adaptation agenda and policy landscape; (b) creates a cross-sectoral portfolio of FAO adaptation solutions covering multiple scales and approaches; (c) gives an insight into FAO's work with partners and Members and presents relevant networks and collaborations. Laying out FAO’s guiding principles according to the FAO Strategy on Climate Change 2022–2031, it underscores FAO’s efforts for transformative action in agrifood systems and demonstrates FAO's people-centered approach to climate change adaptation.
IFPRI research and engagement: Climate change and agrifood systems by International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Pdf
Climate change poses unprecedented challenges to the world’s food systems. Rising temperatures, changing rainfall patterns, and more frequent extreme weather events threaten agricultural production and the biodiversity and ecosystem services that underpin agriculture. Within food systems, climate change affects processing, storage, transport, and retailing of food and affects our food environments. These growing climate risks impact food security, nutrition, and human health, as well as equity and livelihoods, with poor food producers and consumers hit hardest. They make food systems a riskier source of income and reduce the availability of food — worsening poverty and inequity, disrupting livelihoods, and contributing to hunger and malnutrition. At the same time, food systems are failing to provide healthy diets for all, and are generating one-third of human-caused greenhouse gases. Solutions must address this complex nexus of problems. Climate change adaptation and resilience-building efforts for food systems must be accelerated to reverse growing malnutrition, ensure that all people can access healthy diets, and provide sustainable livelihoods. At the same time, efforts to transform food systems work to reduce their environmental footprint. Farmers and small businesses along food value chains in low- and middle-income countries will have to adapt their practices to a climate marked by extreme weather events and changing seasonal patterns in order to meet growing and changing food demand, while also contributing to mitigation. Support for this critical transformation requires not only the development, dissemination, and adoption of appropriate low-emissions, climate-smart technologies and practices, but also a focus on the policies, institutions, governance, and behavior change that can promote sustainable, inclusive food systems.
Farming in a Changing Climate by Ellen Wall,Barry Smit,Johanna Wandel Pdf
In farming systems across Canada, effective risk management is necessary to deal with drought, flooding, and extreme weather, and to adapt to altered climate and weather conditions. Unfortunately, climate change risks and opportunities are not always well understood among researchers and policy makers in the Canadian agri-food sector. This book addresses that gap by providing a wide-ranging synopsis of what climate change means for Canadian agriculture, exploring different approaches to the topic, and presenting examples of current research. It covers all agricultural regions and a wide variety of commodity production and farming systems. This comprehensive survey synthesizes twenty years of research on climate change and Canadian agriculture.
Reducing the Vulnerability of Georgia's Agricultural Systems to Climate Change by Nicolas Ahouissoussi,James E. Neumann,Jitendra Srivastava,Srivastava Jitendra,Cüneyt Okan,Peter Droogers Pdf
The impacts of climate change on agricultural systems and rural economies are already evident throughout Europe and Central Asia. This study, Reducing the Vulnerability of Georgia’s Agricultural Systems to Climate Change, provides a menu of options for climate change adaptation in the agricultural and water resources sectors in Georgia.
Climate Change and Agriculture Impacts, Adaptation and Mitigation by Wreford Anita,Moran Dominic,Adger Neil Pdf
This report examines the economic and policy issues related to the impacts of climate change on agriculture and adaptation responses and to the mitigation of greenhouse gases from agriculture.
Sustainable Agriculture by Zied Haj-Amor,Dong-Gill Kim,Salem Bouri Pdf
Ever-increasing population growth, combined with ongoing climate change signals that agriculture will face great challenges in ensuring global food security by 2050. Additionally, climate change-driven variations in mean sea level, wave conditions, storm surge, droughts, and river flows could have serious effects on agriculture and other sectors. Considering these factors and the extremely high value and necessity of agriculture worldwide, effective adaptation measures underpinned by reliable climate change impact assessments are essential to conserve soil and water resources and ensure food security. Sustainable Agriculture: Adaptation Strategies to Address Climate Change by 2050 provides a thorough examination of these issues, and presents in-depth analysis, practical case studies, and numerous examples of adaptation options throughout for various regions of the world. Features: Presents up-to-date, scientifically robust information on climate change projections in Europe, Asia, America, Africa, and Australia Provides pathways to sustainable agricultural options rather than just defining the climate change issue Includes case studies and practical examples throughout the world Presents a framework by which policymakers can begin implementing strategies for improving agricultural productivity
Climate Change Impact and Adaptation in Agricultural Systems by Jurg Fuhrer,Peter J Gregory Pdf
The focus of this book is future global climate change and its implications for agricultural systems which are the main sources of agricultural goods and services provided to society. These systems are either based on crop or livestock production, or on combinations of the two, with characteristics that differ between regions and between levels of management intensity. In turn, they also differ in their sensitivity to projected future changes in climate, and improvements to increase climate-resilience need to be tailored to the specific needs of each system. The book will bring together a series of chapters that provide scientific insights to possible implications of projected climate changes for different important types of crop and livestock systems, and a discussion of options for adaptive and mitigative management.
Agricultural Adaptation to Climate Change by Christopher R. Bryant,Mamadou A. Sarr,Kénel Délusca Pdf
This book deals with one of the major challenges facing human society and its governments, climate change and variability. The principal objective of the book is to explore how agricultural production through the actions primarily of farmers, including peasant farmers, adapt to these changing circumstances, what the limitations of adaptation are, how the process of adaptation varies between different territories (e.g. developed countries versus developing countries), and what are or can be the most effective roles for actors other than the farmers, including different levels of government and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) such as professional associations of farmers and community organizations. The principal argument is threefold: 1) while there are significant differences between territories and countries in terms of the capacity of farmers (and the other actors) to engage in capacity building to be able to adapt effectively to climate change and variability, 2) the critical roles are those played out by the farmers themselves, but that 3) other actors can play an important role in accompanying farmers in their adaptation process, providing relevant and strategic information, counseling them and facilitating networking and meetings when appropriate. This effectively means that without engaging in the local adaptation processes governments can really only play effective roles by working with other actors at the local and regional levels. When it occurs, it can be very effective, but when it does not, farmers are left to their own devices (and even then, many are able to use their own creativity and local knowledge to survive and continue to develop). Essentially therefore, the secondary argument that is followed throughout the book is that adaptation is essentially a social process that requires an understanding of social processes and dynamics in each farming community and territory. It involves an understanding, for instance, of information diffusion processes in the different farming communities and territories, which provides a set of tools to promote and facilitate the adoption process in the context of adaptation to climate change and variability.
Climate Smart Agriculture by Leslie Lipper,Nancy McCarthy,David Zilberman,Solomon Asfaw,Giacomo Branca Pdf
This book is open access under a CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO license. The book uses an economic lens to identify the main features of climate-smart agriculture (CSA), its likely impact, and the challenges associated with its implementation. Drawing upon theory and concepts from agricultural development, institutional, and resource economics, this book expands and formalizes the conceptual foundations of CSA. Focusing on the adaptation/resilience dimension of CSA, the text embraces a mixture of conceptual analyses, including theory, empirical and policy analysis, and case studies, to look at adaptation and resilience through three possible avenues: ex-ante reduction of vulnerability, increasing adaptive capacity, and ex-post risk coping. The book is divided into three sections. The first section provides conceptual framing, giving an overview of the CSA concept and grounding it in core economic principles. The second section is devoted to a set of case studies illustrating the economic basis of CSA in terms of reducing vulnerability, increasing adaptive capacity and ex-post risk coping. The final section addresses policy issues related to climate change. Providing information on this new and important field in an approachable way, this book helps make sense of CSA and fills intellectual and policy gaps by defining the concept and placing it within an economic decision-making framework. This book will be of interest to agricultural, environmental, and natural resource economists, development economists, and scholars of development studies, climate change, and agriculture. It will also appeal to policy-makers, development practitioners, and members of governmental and non-governmental organizations interested in agriculture, food security and climate change.
William R. Sutton,Jitendra P. Srivastava,James E. Neumann
Author : William R. Sutton,Jitendra P. Srivastava,James E. Neumann Publisher : World Bank Publications Page : 201 pages File Size : 52,9 Mb Release : 2013-04-04 Category : Business & Economics ISBN : 9780821397695
Looking Beyond the Horizon by William R. Sutton,Jitendra P. Srivastava,James E. Neumann Pdf
The risks and opportunities of climate change for agriculture can be effectively dealt only by aligning policies, developing institutional capabilities, and investing in infrastructure and farms, as per the experiences of Albania, FYR Macedonia, Moldova, and Uzbekistan.
Loss and damage and agrifood systems by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf
Agrifood systems are intrinsically linked to climate change and are particularly vulnerable to its impacts. Each year hundreds of billions of dollars’ worth of crops and livestock production is lost due to disaster events, undermining hard-won development gains and livelihoods for farmers. At the same time, agrifood systems are substantial contributors of emissions. As such, agrifood systems must play a central role in providing solutions for climate change – both adaptation and mitigation – while meeting the food security needs of present and future generations. The communities that support and depend on agrifood systems are on the front line of loss and damage associated with climate change. Loss and damage can generally be described as the negative impact of climate change that occurs despite mitigation and adaptation efforts. Addressing loss and damage in the agrifood system is crucial, given its importance for livelihoods and sustainable development. Taking collective action is essential to tackle loss and damage in agrifood systems to ensure that the livelihoods of the most vulnerable communities are adequately protected and food security needs are met. The purpose of this report is to stimulate discussions on the central role of agrifood systems in the loss and damage debate and identify the gaps in data, knowledge and finance that need to be addressed. The report provides an overview of the loss and damage concept, the status of analytical methodologies and tools, a summary of the reporting on loss and damage in nationally determined contributions (NDCs), an outline of the policy needs and some preliminary analysis of the financing needs. Overall, support to countries needs to be targeted and strengthened so that loss and damage in agrifood systems can be dealt with as early as possible. This support needs to ensure that no one is left behind while striving for better production, better nutrition, a better environment and a better life.
Reducing the Vulnerability of Moldova's Agricultural Systems to Climate Change by William R Sutton,Jitendra P Srivastava,James E Neuman,Ana Iglesias,Brent B Boehlert Pdf
Agriculture is one of the most climate-sensitive of all economic sectors. In many countries, such as in Moldova, the risks of climate change are an immediate and fundamental problem because the majority of the rural population depends either directly or indirectly on agriculture for their livelihoods. The risks of climate change to agriculture in Moldova cannot be effectively dealt withand the opportunities cannot be effectively exploitedwithout a clear plan for aligning agricultural policies with climate change, developing the capabilities of key agricultural institutions, and making needed investments in infrastructure, support services and on-farm improvements. Developing such a plan ideally involves a combination of high-quality quantitative analysis, consultation with key stakeholders, particularly farmers and local agricultural experts, and investments in both human and physical capital. The experience of Moldova, highlighted in this work, shows that it is possible to develop a plan to meet these objectivesone that is comprehensive and empirically driven as well as consultative and quick to develop. The approach of this study is predicated on strong country ownership and participation, and is defined by its emphasis on win-win or no regrets solutions to the multiple challenges posed by climate change for farmers in Moldova. The solutions are measures that increase resilience to future climate change, boost current productivity despite the greater climate variability already occurring, and limit greenhouse gas emissions. Reducing The Vulnerability of Moldova's Agricultural Systems to Climate Change: Impact Assessment and Adaptation Options applies this approach to Moldova with the goal of helping the country mainstream climate change adaptation into its agricultural policies, programs, and investments. The study projects impacts of climate change on agriculture across Moldovas three agro-ecological areas through forecast variations in temperature and rainfall patterns so crucial to farming. It offers a map for navigating the risks and realizing the opportunities, outlined through a series of consultations with local farmers. A detailed explanation of the approach is provided for those who would like to implement similar programs in other countries of Europe, Central Asia, or anywhere else in the world. This is one of four country studies that were produced under the World Banks program, Reducing Vulnerability to Climate Change in European and Central Asian Agricultural Systems. The other countries included in this series are Albania, FYR Macedonia, and Uzbekistan. The results from the four studies are consolidated in the book Looking Beyond the Horizon: How Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Responses Will Reshape Agriculture in Eastern Europe and Central Asia website..
Drivers and disruptors shaping the future of agriculture and the food system in LAC: Climate change and trade tensions by Piñeiro, Valeria,Thomas, Timothy S.,Laborde Debucquet, David,Diaz-Bonilla, Eugenio Pdf
Agri-food production remains vital to the economies in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Food systems are rapidly changing and are driven by income growth, (urban) population growth, shifts in dietary preferences, and agricultural productivity growth. Food systems are also under threat from disrupters like climate change and distorting policies (including trade wars). This paper makes two quantitative, forward-looking assessments for the future of food and agriculture in the LAC region. The first focuses on the long-term prospects - given projected pathways for the main drivers and under the threat of climate change. The second focuses on current vulnerability of LACs agri-food system to short-term disrupters with special reference to impacts of global trade wars and the prospects for reducing that vulnerability. The implications are not uniform across the countries in the region, but vary greatly depending on economic and demographic size, contribution of the agricultural sector to national GDP, natural resource endowments, ecological and climatic characteristics, level of sophistication of rural and agrarian institutions, available technology, farm-size distribution and tenure systems. Policy interventions to address the challenges will need to consider those differences in initial conditions. The foresight assessments are built on IFPRI’s core global model frameworks, IMPACT and MIRAGRODEP. They allow to capture the complexity of agri-food system development and the scenario analysis helps quantify the relative importance of the drivers and disruptors of food system change, which in turn should be of essential to policymakers in setting priorities for steering towards sustainable and stable food systems capable of meeting twenty-first century challenges.