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Author : United States. Congress. House. Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Control
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 134 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Cocaine industry
ISBN : LOC:00020258019
Author : Robert Mihelli
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 21 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2003-11-28
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783638236065
Seminar paper from the year 2002 in the subject Geography / Earth Science - Economic Geography, grade: 1,2 (A+), RWTH Aachen University (Geography Institute), 15 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: Andean farmers have good financial reasons for continuing to grow coca, and it is unlikely that theeconomic equation can be substantially altered. Cocaine is as cheap and plentiful as ever on U.S.streets, the biggest market for cocaine; the State Department estimates that 1999 coca productionincreased. The current U.S. retail cocaine market is somewhere between $30 billion and $150 billion. Efforts at interdiction and crop substitution have failed, the former because the amounts of cocaineimported are so large that seizures have little overall impact, the latter both because alternative cropsare intrinsically less lucrative and because there is no infrastructure to bring such crops to market. TheU.S. General Accounting Office report to Congress argued that crop substitution was unlikely tosucceed, and the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration has calculated the cost of raw coca as makingup less than 1 percent of the retail cost of refined cocaine in the U.S. The latter statistic means thattraffickers could easily afford to increase what they pay for raw coca if a shortage occurred, therebystimulating production. In order to explain why the andean Countries prefer to grow coca, it is important to understand that thecoca plant is a part of the culture, as history shows and there is a difference between the existence ofcoca and cocaine. The usage and the production of the coca plant changed in the last hundred years,and the monocultural development carry tremendous illegal capacities. But on the other hand, it isoriginally a cultural heritage. To explain this issue one must know where it is cultivated, why and whatproblems it causes for the Andean Countries, and not only for these countries, but on a globalscale.
Author : P. Clawson,R. Lee
Publisher : Springer
Page : 282 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2016-04-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781349609789
It is commonly known that the Andean nations of Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia are the international centers of cocaine production. But until now, there has been no comprehensive view of this billion dollar industry. Using never-before unearthed information culled from their extensive field research, Patrick Clawson and Rensselaer Lee reveal the configuration of the drug industry, from the original cultivation of coca in the fields of South America to the sale of cocaine on the streets of the United States. The authors analyze the economic and political impact of the drug business on the Andean nations, including such problems as violence and the undermining of legitimate business. Through the ground-breaking work of Clawson and Lee, The Andean Cocaine Industry illuminates one of the most pervasive problems facing the world today.
Author : P. Clawson,R. Lee
Publisher : Palgrave Macmillan
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 1996-08-12
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0312124007
It is commonly known that the Andean nations of Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia are the international centers of cocaine production. But until now, there has been no comprehensive view of this billion dollar industry. Using never-before unearthed information culled from their extensive field research, Patrick Clawson and Rensselaer Lee reveal the configuration of the drug industry, from the original cultivation of coca in the fields of South America to the sale of cocaine on the streets of the United States. The authors analyze the economic and political impact of the drug business on the Andean nations, including such problems as violence and the undermining of legitimate business. Through the ground-breaking work of Clawson and Lee, The Andean Cocaine Industry illuminates one of the most pervasive problems facing the world today.
Author : Rensselaer W. Lee,Patrick Clawson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 82 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Andes Region
ISBN : IND:30000044926925
Author : Paul Gootenberg,Liliana M. Dávalos
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 231 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2018-06-18
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780429951732
In the 1960s, the governments of Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia launched agricultural settlement programs in each country’s vast Amazonian frontier lowlands. Two decades later, these exact same zones had transformed into the centers of the illicit cocaine boom of the Americas. Drawing on concepts from both history and anthropology, The Origins of Cocaine explores how three countries with divergent different mid-century political trajectories ended up with parallel outcomes in illicit frontier economies and cocalero cultures. Bringing together transnational, national, and local analyses, the volume provides an in-depth examination of the deep origins of drug economics in the Americas. As the first substantial study on the shift from agrarian colonization to narcotization, The Origins of Cocaine will appeal to scholars and postgraduate students of Latin American history, anthropology, globalization, development and environmental studies.
Author : Asociación Peruana de Estudios e Investigaciones para la Paz
Publisher : Praeger
Page : 176 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 1993-03-24
Category : Medical
ISBN : STANFORD:36105004439068
"Political and economic aspects of cocaine in Peru, Colombia, and Bolivia from the perspective of individuals from those countries"--Handbook of Latin American Studies, v. 57
Author : Paul Gootenberg
Publisher : Univ of North Carolina Press
Page : 464 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2009-06-01
Category : History
ISBN : 080788779X
Illuminating a hidden and fascinating chapter in the history of globalization, Paul Gootenberg chronicles the rise of one of the most spectacular and now illegal Latin American exports: cocaine. Gootenberg traces cocaine's history from its origins as a medical commodity in the nineteenth century to its repression during the early twentieth century and its dramatic reemergence as an illicit good after World War II. Connecting the story of the drug's transformations is a host of people, products, and processes: Sigmund Freud, Coca-Cola, and Pablo Escobar all make appearances, exemplifying the global influences that have shaped the history of cocaine. But Gootenberg decenters the familiar story to uncover the roles played by hitherto obscure but vital Andean actors as well--for example, the Peruvian pharmacist who developed the techniques for refining cocaine on an industrial scale and the creators of the original drug-smuggling networks that decades later would be taken over by Colombian traffickers. Andean Cocaine proves indispensable to understanding one of the most vexing social dilemmas of the late twentieth-century Americas: the American cocaine epidemic of the 1980s and, in its wake, the seemingly endless U.S. drug war in the Andes.
Author : Clare Hargreaves
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 1992
Category : Social Science
ISBN : UTEXAS:059173000127345
British journalist Hargreaves examines the cocaine industry in Bolivia, which has tripled since the US instigated drug-war against Colombians. She interviews dealers, growers, addicts, and officials of both the Bolivian and US government, and concludes that the trade must be stopped at the demand end, not the supply end. Paper edition (unseen), $16.95. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Author : Sewall Menzel
Publisher : University Press of America
Page : 308 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 1997-12-11
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0761810013
Fire in the Andes is a trenchant comparative analysis of why the U.S. drug wars in Bolivia and Peru are failing. While frequent anti-drug battles are won, a flawed policy analysis and strategy have led to strategic foreign policy defeat in the region. This book fills an important gap in our in-depth knowledge of U.S. foreign policy and its application in the drug wars of the high Andes region of South America. Written from the perspective of a former active participant in the U.S. anti-drug policy formulation and implementation efforts, the study uses an in-depth comparative approach to evaluate the effectiveness of the U.S. anti-drug foreign policy in Bolivia and Peru which currently comprise the primary focus of the Clinton Administration's counter-drug efforts to combat narcotrafficking at the source in Latin America today.
Author : Francisco E. Thoumi
Publisher : Woodrow Wilson Center Press
Page : 442 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0801878543
Table of contents
Author : United States. Congress. House. Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Control
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 108 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Cocaine industry
ISBN : PURD:32754078080367
Author : Scott B. MacDonald
Publisher : Praeger Pub Text
Page : 153 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0275932354
"MacDonald . . . [provides] us with a concise, well-researched overview of how cocaine became a national security threat to the United States and other countries. . . . MacDonald has written a concise volume that provides us with the background necessary to develop the needed policy." Defense & Diplomacy
Author : Sewall H. Menzel
Publisher : University Press of America
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0761816437
Written from the perspective of a former active participant in the U.S. anti-drug policy formulation and implementation efforts, Cocaine Quagmire is an in-depth analysis of why the U.S. drug war in Colombia is failing. While frequent anti-drug battles are won, dynamic socioeconomic and political factors have created a quagmire of countervailing obstacles leading to strategic foreign policy defeat in the North Andes. The Clinton Administration focused on combating narcotrafficking and yet misunderstood how a strong international demand and immense profits provide the basic incentives that keep the Colombian cocaine traffickers in business. This book is important in that it fills a significant gap in our knowledge of U.S. foreign policy and its application in the drug wars of the South American country of Colombia.
Author : Catherine J. Allen
Publisher : Smithsonian Institution
Page : 296 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2012-01-11
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781588343598
This second edition of Catherine J. Allen's distinctive ethnography of the Quechua-speaking people of the Andes brings their story into the present. She has added an extensive afterword based on her visits to Sonqo in 1995 and 2000 and has updated and revised parts of the original text. The book focuses on the very real problem of cultural continuity in a changing world, and Allen finds that the hold life has in 2002 is not the same as it was in 1985.
