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This book offers an eyewitness account of China’s twenty years of rural reform. It records the successive changes in different types of China’s rural economic systems, from rural cooperatives to the people’s communes to the household responsibility system. It demonstrates that, as the starting point of rural reform, the household contract management played an unexpected role in promoting the acceleration of China’s modernization process. Further, the book presents a systematic explanation for the cause and results of the reforms without which it would be impossible to fully comprehend the rise of China over the last three decades.
Agricultural Reform and Rural Transformation in China since 1949 by Thomas DuBois,Huaiyin Li Pdf
The theme of the second volume of History of Contemporary China is agricultural reform and rural development. Featured articles offer both empirical account and theoretical analysis of a broad range of historical events and issues in this area. These studies shed light on the historical origins of some of the agricultural and rural problems in China today.
Rural Reform and Peasant Income in China by Z. Ling Pdf
This book analyses the impact of the current economic reform on the income development of peasant households in the People's Republic of China. The research is based on detailed information derived from book-keeping records of the sample households of selected regions in central China, the national statistical network, local statistics and chronicles. Moreover, the basic tools of economic analysis are applied to the main problems of the Chinese rural economy in order to gain a better understanding of the current development of China.
Paradoxes of Post-Mao Rural Reform by Frederick C. Teiwes,Warren Sun Pdf
The decollectivization of Chinese agriculture in the early post-Mao period is widely recognized as a critical part of the overall reform program. But the political process leading to this outcome is poorly understood. A number of approaches have dominated the existing literature: 1) a power/policy struggle between Hua Guofeng’s alleged neo-Maoists and Deng Xiaoping’s reform coalition; 2) the power of the peasants; and 3) the leading role of provincial reformers. The first has no validity, while second and third must be viewed through more complex lenses. This study provides a new interpretation challenging conventional wisdom. Its key finding is that a game changer emerged in spring 1980 at the time Deng replaced Hua as CCP leader, but the significant change in policy was not a product of any clash between these two leaders. Instead, Deng endorsed Zhao Ziyang’s policy initiative that shifted emphasis away from Hua’s pro-peasant policy of increased resources to the countryside, to a pro-state policy that reduced the rural burden on national coffers. To replace the financial resources, policy measures including household farming were implemented with considerable provincial variations. The major unexpected production increases in 1982 confirmed the arrival of decollectivization as the template on the ground. The dynamics of this policy change has never been adequately explained. Paradoxes of Post-Mao Rural Reform offers a deep empirical study of critical developments involving politics from the highest levels in Beijing to China’s villages, and in the process challenges many broader accepted interpretations of the politics of reform. It is essential reading for students and scholars of contemporary Chinese political history.
Grassroots Political Reform in Contemporary China by Elizabeth J. Perry,Merle Goldman Pdf
Observers often note the glaring contrast between China’s economic progress and its stalled political reforms. This volume, written by experienced scholars, explores a range of grassroots efforts—initiated by the state and society alike—to restrain corrupt behavior and enhance the accountability of local authorities.
Continuity and Change in China's Rural Development by Louis Putterman Pdf
With the ascendancy of Deng Xiaoping in 1978, China began a program of agricultural reform intended to increase productivity. This detailed study examines what the author sees as the major changes which moved the sector from a centrally planned to a more market-oriented system--replacement of collective teams with household farming, an increase of free markets for rural products, an increased state price for agricultural products, and greater freedom to expand off-farm activities--changes in the economic structure which facilitated greater productivity. It is unique in its focus on a single township, providing new data on the effects of reform at the village level.
From Heaven to Earth combines information on events, processes and structures into a comprehensive introduction to the study of reform in rural China. It provides an invaluable complement to contemporary studies of China by economists and political scientists. Elisabeth Croll draws on her extensive research and frequent visits to China, and on her first-hand studies of villages in many different regions, to look behind the simplistic notion of 'reform' as merely a 'return to capitalism'. Taking a distinctively anthropological approach to the subject, she discusses the age-old peasant dreams of sons and land, and how they have been shaped and reshaped to affect the way in which Chinese peasants, men and women, think about time and change. More practically, the study focuses on rural development, emphasising that the peasant household lies at the heart of recent rural reforms, making for new relations between state and village, a new family form, modified gender relations and single or two-child families.
Governance, Social Organisation and Reform in Rural China by H. He Pdf
This study focuses upon governance and social organisation within the Chinese village and explores the extent to which farmers have autonomy vis-à-vis their economic and political activities in an attempt to understand the relationship between farmers and the state in a rapidly changing China.
Between 1979 and 1989, rural life in China was transformed: the communes were dismantled, tiny family farms were created, government domination of commerce and enterprise was eased, and many entrepreneurial ventures were brought to life. China's rural reform was arguably the most massive single act of privatization in history. Although Deng Xiaoping's government claimed credit for the dramatic innovations, Daniel Kelliher shows that it was the peasants themselves--with no organization or legal political voice of their own--who instigated the most radical changes of the reform era. Drawing on his fieldwork in Hubei Province and neighboring provinces in south-central China, Kelliher traces the origins of reform in three areas--family farming, marketing, and private entrepreneurship--and details the local conspiracies, deceptions, and illegal experiments that peasants used to push state policy in new directions. He also addresses the larger issue of how disenfranchised peasants could affect politics at all under a strong state like that of China. Analyzing the evolution of state socialism in China, Kelliher explains how state ambitions for modernization in the post-Mao era made the state-socialist system vulnerable to rising peasant power. He also shows why the state seized upon economic privatization as a way of securing its political base among the peasantry. The book not only offers a wide-ranging portrait of rural politics in contemporary China but also uses the Chinese case to illuminate state-peasant relations, reform in state socialism, and privatization in other third world nations.
A Century of Change in a Chinese Village by Lin Juren,Xie Yuxi Pdf
This compelling book analyzes the dramatic changes in rural Chinese society as a result of rapid urbanization. Building on eight decades of studies of the village of Lengshuigou, Chinese sociologists examine the fundamental changes over the last century that have radically transformed centuries-old systems of patriarchy and generational order.
Author : Dali L. Yang Publisher : Stanford University Press Page : 375 pages File Size : 52,5 Mb Release : 1996 Category : History ISBN : 9780804734707
This is the first book-length treatment of the political causes and consequences of the Great Leap Famine (1959-61), one of the worst tragedies in human history.
Rural Reform And Development: A Case Study Of China's Zhejiang Province by Yikang Gu,Feng Shao Pdf
Since China's reform and opening-up in 1978, Zhejiang province has been one of the country's forerunners in economic, social and political transformation. This book focuses on Zhejiang's rural development and rural governance innovation over the past few decades. The provincial government has formulated favorable policies to facilitate the development of Zhejiang's rural areas since 1978. Zhejiang's farmers, endowed with the spirit of innovation and entrepreneurship, have created a rural development model with farmers as the center of marketization, industrialization and urbanization. This book provides systematic analysis of the reform and development in Zhejiang's rural area as a case study of China's reform and opening-up. It offers some of the best economic and governance practices developed over the past few decades in China's rural areas. It also provides invaluable insights into the future development of China's rural areas.
Based on interviews with rural Chinese women, officials and social scientists, and on Chinese newspapers, journals and academic reports. Analyses the situation of women of Han nationality with rural household registration, most of whom worked in townships and villages, but some of whom worked in cities. Delineates patterns in gender divisions of labour in the context of economic reform.
Rural Policy Implementation in Contemporary China by Anna Ahlers Pdf
At the turn of the millennium, the disparities between rural and urban livelihoods, underdevelopment and administrative shortcomings in the Chinese countryside were increasingly seen as posing a manifest threat to social harmony and economic and political stability. At that time the term "three rural problems" (sannong wenti) was coined which defined the main issues of rural life that needed to be targeted by government action: agriculture (nongye), villages (nongcun) and farmers (nongmin). In turn, with the launch of the 11th Five-Year Plan in 2006, a pledge was made to shift the focus of developmental efforts to the long-neglected countryside, which is still home to half of the Chinese population. This book presents an analysis of adaptive local policy implementation in China in the context of the "Building of a New Socialist Countryside" (BNSC) policy framework. Based on intensive field work in four counties in Fujian, Jiangxi, Shaanxi and Zhejiang Provinces between 2008 and 2011, it offers detailed analyses of the form and impact of county governments’ strategic agency at certain stages and within certain fields of the implementation process (for example, the design of local BNSC programs, the steering of project funding, implementation and evaluation, the establishment of model villages and the management of public participation). Further, this study illustrates that BNSC is far more than the ‘empty slogan’ described by many observers when it was launched in 2005/2006. Instead, it has already brought about considerable shifts in terms of the process and outcomes of rural policy implementation. Altogether, the results of this research challenge existing paradigms by showing how, against the background of contemporary approaches to rural development and recent reforms initiated by the central state, local bureaucracies’ strategic agency can actually push forward effective – albeit not necessarily optimal – policy implementation to some extent, which serves the interests of central authorities, local implementors and rural residents. By tying into the larger debates on China's state capacity and authoritarian adaptability, this book enriches our understanding of the inner workings of the Chinese political system. As such, it will prove invaluable to students and scholars of Chinese politics, public policy and development studies more generally.
