Decision Making And Action

Author : Gary A. Klein,Judith Orasanu,Roberta Calderwood
Publisher : Ablex Publishing Corporation
Page : 480 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 1992-08-01
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0893919438

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Decision Making in Action by Gary A. Klein,Judith Orasanu,Roberta Calderwood Pdf

This book describes the new perspective of naturalistic decision making. The point of departure is how people make decisions in complex, time-pressured, ambiguous, and changing environments. The purpose of this book is to present and elaborate on past models developed to explain this type of decision making. The central philosophy of the book is that classical decision theory has been unproductive since it is so heavily grounded in economics and mathematics. The contributors believe there is little to be learned from laboratory studies about how people actually handle difficult and interesting tasks; therefore, the book presents a critique of classical decision theory. The models of naturalistic decision making described by the contributors were derived to explain the behavior of firefighters, business people, jurors, nuclear power plant operators, and command-and-control officers. The models are unique in that they address the way people use experience to frame situations and adopt courses of action. The models explain the strengths of skilled decision makers. Naturalistic decision research requires the examination of field settings, and a section of the book covers methods for conducting meaningful research outside the laboratory. In addition, since his approach has applied value, the book covers issues of training and decision support systems.

Author : Richard W. Morris,Aaron Bornstein,Amitai Shenhav
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 484 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2018-08-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128120996

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Goal-Directed Decision Making by Richard W. Morris,Aaron Bornstein,Amitai Shenhav Pdf

Goal-Directed Decision Making: Computations and Neural Circuits examines the role of goal-directed choice. It begins with an examination of the computations performed by associated circuits, but then moves on to in-depth examinations on how goal-directed learning interacts with other forms of choice and response selection. This is the only book that embraces the multidisciplinary nature of this area of decision-making, integrating our knowledge of goal-directed decision-making from basic, computational, clinical, and ethology research into a single resource that is invaluable for neuroscientists, psychologists and computer scientists alike. The book presents discussions on the broader field of decision-making and how it has expanded to incorporate ideas related to flexible behaviors, such as cognitive control, economic choice, and Bayesian inference, as well as the influences that motivation, context and cues have on behavior and decision-making. Details the neural circuits functionally involved in goal-directed decision-making and the computations these circuits perform Discusses changes in goal-directed decision-making spurred by development and disorders, and within real-world applications, including social contexts and addiction Synthesizes neuroscience, psychology and computer science research to offer a unique perspective on the central and emerging issues in goal-directed decision-making

Author : Jean-Charles Pomerol
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 315 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-27
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781118588062

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Decision Making and Action by Jean-Charles Pomerol Pdf

Making a decision, of any importance, is never simple. On the one hand, specialists in decision theory do not come within the reach of most policy makers and, secondly, there are very few books on pragmatic decision that are not purely anecdotal. In addition, there is virtually no book that provides a link between decision-making and action. This book provides a bridge between the latest results in artificial intelligence, neurobiology, psychology and decision-making for action. What is the role of intuition or emotion? What are the main psychological biases of which we must be wary? How can we avoid being manipulated? What is the proper use of planning? How can we remain rational even if one is not an expert in probabilities? Perhaps more importantly for managers, how does one go from decision to action? So many questions fundamental to the practice of decision-making are addressed. This book dissects all issues that arise almost daily for decision-makers, at least for major decisions. Drawing on numerous examples, this book answers, in plain language and imagery, all your questions. The final chapter takes the form of a brief reminder - everything you have to remember to be a good decision-maker.

Author : Jesús Padilla Gálvez
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 178 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2016-03-21
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783110473001

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Action, Decision-Making and Forms of Life by Jesús Padilla Gálvez Pdf

The book is exceptional because it applies the notion of foms of life to the context of human action. It provides answers to the following questions: Why do we act in a specific way? Why do we make particular decisions? Does one's form of life and language games determine our actions and decisions? Wittgenstein proposes a holistic method which enables us to give coherent answers to these questions. To answer the question of the contents of actions and decisions we have to explain how we have institutionalized these actions or decisions. To this aim we shall reveal the frame within which language games are introduced and have come to function as practice and custom. The scheme of order underlying the language games is illustrated. Human actions and decisions follow particular rules. By highlighting the underlying scheme of order we may gain a perspicuous view of these rules. The aim of this book is to show that actions and decisions generate rational choice. This choice is explained by demonstrating the particular functions of the language games involved.

Author : Patricia H. Werhane,Laura Pincus Hartman,Crina Archer,Elaine E. Englehardt,Michael S. Pritchard
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 259 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2013-02-14
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781107310681

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Obstacles to Ethical Decision-Making by Patricia H. Werhane,Laura Pincus Hartman,Crina Archer,Elaine E. Englehardt,Michael S. Pritchard Pdf

In commerce, many moral failures are due to narrow mindsets that preclude taking into account the moral dimensions of a decision or action. In turn, sometimes these mindsets are caused by failing to question managerial decisions from a moral point of view, because of a perceived authority of management. In the 1960s, Stanley Milgram conducted controversial experiments to investigate just how far obedience to an authority figure could subvert his subjects' moral beliefs. In this thought-provoking work, the authors examine the prevalence of narrow mental models and the phenomenon of obedience to an authority to analyse and understand the challenges which business professionals encounter in making ethical decisions. Obstacles to Ethical Decision-Making proposes processes - including collaborative input and critique - by which individuals may reduce or overcome these challenges. It provides decision-makers at all levels in an organisation with the means to place ethical considerations at the heart of managerial decision-making.

Author : Miroslaw Kofta,Gifford Weary,Grzegorz Sedek
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 479 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2013-03-09
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781475729016

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Personal Control in Action by Miroslaw Kofta,Gifford Weary,Grzegorz Sedek Pdf

This new study presents exciting international research developments on personal control and self-regulation. Each chapter examines the subject at a different level of analysis to foster a complete understanding. Brief synopses of each chapter are provided as introductions to the three major sections of the book. These sections cover the person as an agent of control, affective and cognitive mechanisms of executive agency, and reactions to threatened control.

Author : Robert W. Proctor,Shimon Y. Nof,Yuehwern Yih
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 344 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2011-10-25
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781439846476

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Cultural Factors in Systems Design by Robert W. Proctor,Shimon Y. Nof,Yuehwern Yih Pdf

Cultural factors, in both the narrow sense of different national, racial, and ethnic groups, and in the broader sense of different groups of any type, play major roles in individual and group decisions. Written by an international, interdisciplinary group of experts, Cultural Factors in Systems Design: Decision Making and Action explores innovations in the understanding of how cultural differences influence decision making and action. Reflecting the diverse interests and viewpoints that characterize the current state of decision making and cultural research, the chapter authors represent a variety of disciplines and specialize in areas ranging from basic decision processes of individuals, to decisions made in teams and large organizations, to cultural influences on behavior. Balancing theoretical and practical perspectives, the book explores why the best laid plans go awry, examining conditions that can yield unanticipated behaviors from complex, adaptive sociotechnical systems. It highlights the different ways in which East Asians and Westerners make decisions and explores how to model and investigate cultural influences in interpersonal interactions, social judgment, and decision making. The book also reviews decision field theory and examines its implications for cross cultural decision making. With increasing globalization of organizations and interactions among people from various cultures, a better understanding of how cultural factors influence decision making and action is a necessity. Much is known about decision processes, culture and cognition, design of products and interfaces for human interaction with machines and organizational processes, however this knowledge is dispersed across several disciplines and research areas. Presenting a range of current research and new ideas, this volume brings together previously scattered research and explores how to apply it when designing systems that will be used by individuals of varied backgrounds.

Author : Carol-Lynne Moore
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 129 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 1984
Category : Decision making
ISBN : OCLC:1158729657

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Executives in action by Carol-Lynne Moore Pdf

Author : United States. Social and Rehabilitation Service. Office of Management
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 168 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 1973
Category : Decision-making
ISBN : UOM:39015072127932

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Quality Control: Decision Making Process for Corrective Action by United States. Social and Rehabilitation Service. Office of Management Pdf

Author : United States. Social and Rehabilitation Service
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 46 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 1975
Category : Medicaid
ISBN : MINN:30000010586729

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Medicaid Eligibility Quality Control: Decision making process for corrective action by United States. Social and Rehabilitation Service Pdf

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1017251569

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Women in decision-making by Anonim Pdf

Author : Eric J. Bolland,Carlos J. Lopes
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Business enterprises
ISBN : 9781786430168

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Decision Making and Business Performance by Eric J. Bolland,Carlos J. Lopes Pdf

This breakthrough study examines how business decisions explain successful and unsuccessful performance. Real world and academic research is evaluated, including interviews and cases studies, to create a model of how decisions and performance are connected for businesses of all sizes. Recommendations are made to optimize decision making and projections about the future of decision making and performance are provided.

Author : Andy Blunden
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 269 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2016-04-08
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789004319639

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The Origins of Collective Decision Making by Andy Blunden Pdf

The Origins of Collective Decision Making, identifies three paradigms of collective decision making – Counsel, Majority and Consensus, and discovers their origins in traditional, medieval and modern times, and traces their evolution over centuries up to the current juncture.

Author : Robin Gregory,Lee Failing,Michael Harstone,Graham Long,Tim McDaniels,Dan Ohlson
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 315 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2012-03-19
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781444333411

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Structured Decision Making by Robin Gregory,Lee Failing,Michael Harstone,Graham Long,Tim McDaniels,Dan Ohlson Pdf

This book outlines the creative process of making environmental management decisions using the approach called Structured Decision Making. It is a short introductory guide to this popular form of decision making and is aimed at environmental managers and scientists. This is a distinctly pragmatic label given to ways for helping individuals and groups think through tough multidimensional choices characterized by uncertain science, diverse stakeholders, and difficult tradeoffs. This is the everyday reality of environmental management, yet many important decisions currently are made on an ad hoc basis that lacks a solid value-based foundation, ignores key information, and results in selection of an inferior alternative. Making progress – in a way that is rigorous, inclusive, defensible and transparent – requires combining analytical methods drawn from the decision sciences and applied ecology with deliberative insights from cognitive psychology, facilitation and negotiation. The authors review key methods and discuss case-study examples based in their experiences in communities, boardrooms, and stakeholder meetings. The goal of this book is to lay out a compelling guide that will change how you think about making environmental decisions. Visit www.wiley.com/go/gregory/ to access the figures and tables from the book.

Author : Nicholas Rescher
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Pre
Page : 237 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 1967-11-15
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780822975656

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The Logic of Decision and Action by Nicholas Rescher Pdf

The four main essays in this volume investigate new sectors of the theory of decision, preference, act-characteristics, and action analysis. Herbert A. Simon applies tools developed in the theory of decision-making to the logic of action, and thereby develops a novel concept of heuristic power. Adapting ideas from utility and decision theory, Nicholas Rescher proposes a logic of preference by which conflicting theories proposed by G. H. von Wright, R. M. Chisholm, and others can be systematized. Donald Davidson discusses difficulties in specifying the structure of action sentences to elucidate how their meaning depends on that structure. G. H. von Wright devises a method for describing each “state of the world” that results from an action, in a revision of his own earlier work. Additionally, a study of the logic of norms by Alan Ross Anderson is presented as an appendix, along with an appendix by Rescher outlining the aspects of action.