Defects And Disorder In Crystalline And Amorphous Solids

Author : Richard Catlow
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 511 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401119429

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Defects and Disorder in Crystalline and Amorphous Solids by Richard Catlow Pdf

The study of defects and disorder in solids remains a central topic in solid state science. Developments in the field continue to be promoted by new experimental and theoretical techniques, while further impetus for the study of disorder in solids is provided by the growing range of applications of solid state materials in which disorder at the atomic level plays a crucial rOle. In this book we attempt to present a survey of fundamental and applied aspects of the field. We consider the basic aspects of defective crystalline and amorphous solids. We discuss recent studies of structural, electronic, transport, thermodynamic and spectroscopic properties of such materials. Experimental and theoretical methodologies are reviewed, and detailed consideration is given to materials such as fast ion conductors and amorphous semiconductors that are of importance in an applied context. Any survey of this large field is necessarily selective. We have chosen to emphasise insulating (especially oxidic) and semi-conducting materials. But many of the approaches and techniques we describe apply generally across the entire field of solid state science. This volume is based on a NATO ASI held at the Residencia Santa Teresa de Jesus, Madrid in September 1991. The Editor is grateful to the NATO Scientific Affairs Division for their sponsorship of this School. Thanks are also due to all who participated in and lectured at the school, but especially to the organising committee of A. V. Chadwick, G. N. Greaves, M. Grigorkiewicz, J. H. Harding and S. Kalbitzer. C. R. A.

Author : Shashanka Mitra
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 788 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2013-06-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781468408508

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Physics of Structurally Disordered Solids by Shashanka Mitra Pdf

Structurally disordered solids are characterized by their lack of spatial order that is evidenced by the great variety of ordered solids. The former class of materials is commonly termed amorphous or glassy, the latter crystalline. However, both classes share, many of the other physical properties of solids, e. g. , me chanical stability, resistance to shear stress, etc. The traditional macroscopic distinction between the crystalline and the glassy states is that while the former has a fixed melting point, the latter does not. However, with the availability and production of a large number of materials in both crystalline and amorphous states, and their easy inter-convertability, simple de finitions are not possible or at best imprecise. For the present purpose, it is sufficient to say that in contrast to the crystalline state, in which the posi tions of atoms are fixed into adefinite structure, ex cept for small thermal vibrations, the amorphous state of the same material displays varying degrees of de parture from this fixed structure. The amorphous state almost always shows no long range order. Short range order, up to several neighbors, may often be retained, although averaged considerably around their crystalline values. It is generally believed that the amorphous state is a metastable one with respect to the crystal line ordered state, and the conversion to the crystal line state may or may not be easy depending on the na ture of the material, e. g.

Author : W. Hayes,A. M. Stoneham
Publisher : Courier Corporation
Page : 480 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2012-02-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780486160887

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Defects and Defect Processes in Nonmetallic Solids by W. Hayes,A. M. Stoneham Pdf

This extensive survey covers defects in nonmetals, emphasizing point defects and point-defect processes. It encompasses electronic, vibrational, and optical properties of defective solids, plus dislocations and grain boundaries. 1985 edition.

Author : Richard J. D. Tilley
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 549 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2008-10-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780470380734

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Defects in Solids by Richard J. D. Tilley Pdf

Provides a thorough understanding of the chemistry and physics of defects, enabling the reader to manipulate them in the engineering of materials. Reinforces theoretical concepts by placing emphasis on real world processes and applications. Includes two kinds of end-of-chapter problems: multiple choice (to test knowledge of terms and principles) and more extensive exercises and calculations (to build skills and understanding). Supplementary material on crystallography and band structure are included in separate appendices.

Author : Wei Cai,William D. Nix
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 535 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2016-09-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781107123137

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Imperfections in Crystalline Solids by Wei Cai,William D. Nix Pdf

An accessible textbook providing students with a working knowledge of the properties of defects in crystals, in a step-by-step tutorial style.

Author : Anthony Kelly,Kevin M. Knowles
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 537 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2012-02-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780470750148

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Crystallography and Crystal Defects by Anthony Kelly,Kevin M. Knowles Pdf

Extensively revised and updated, this new edition of a classic text presents a unified approach to crystallography and to the defects found within crystals. The book combines the classical and exact description of symmetry of a perfect crystal with the possible geometries of the major defects-dislocations, stacking faults, point defects, twins, interfaces and the effects of martensitic transformations. A number of important concepts and exciting new topics have been introduced in this second edition, including piezoelectricity, liquid crystals, nanocrystalline concepts, incommensurate materials and the structure of foamed and amorphous solids. The coverage of quasicrystalline materials has been extended, and the data tables, appendices and references have been fully updated. Reinforcing its unrivalled position as the core text for teaching crystallography and crystal defects, each chapter includes problem sets with brief numerical solutions at the end of the book. Detailed worked solutions, supplementary lecture material and computer programs for crystallographic calculations are provided online (http://booksupport.wiley.com).

Author : James H. Crawford,Lawrence M. Slifkin
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 568 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2013-03-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781468429701

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Point Defects in Solids by James H. Crawford,Lawrence M. Slifkin Pdf

Crystal defects can no longer be thought of as a scientific curiosity, but must be considered an important aspect of solid-state science. This is largely because many of the more interesting properties of crystalline solids are disproportionately dominated by effects due to a tiny concentration of imperfections in an otherwise perfect lattice. The physics of such lattice defects is not only of significance in a great variety of applications, but is also interesting in its own right. Thus, an extensive science of point defects and dislocations has been constructed during the past two and a half decades. Stimulated by the technological and scientific interest in plasticity, there have appeared in recent years rather a large number of books dealing with dislocations; in the case of point defects, however, only very few broad and extensive treatments have been published. Thus, there are few compre hensive, tutorial sources for the scientist or engineer whose research ac tivities are affected by point defect phenomena, or who might wish to enter the field. It is partially to fill this need that the present treatise aims.

Author : Claudio De Rosa,Finizia Auriemma
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 478 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2013-08-26
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781118690796

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Crystals and Crystallinity in Polymers by Claudio De Rosa,Finizia Auriemma Pdf

Provides the tools needed to master and apply the fundamentals of polymer crystallography Using core concepts in physics, chemistry, polymer science and engineering, this book sheds new light on the complex field of polymer crystallography, enabling readers to evaluate polymer crystallization data and determine the best methods to use for their investigations. The authors set forth a variety of tested and proven methods for analyzing ordered and disordered structures in polymer crystals, including X-ray diffraction, electron diffraction, and microscopy. In addition to the basics, the book explores several advanced and emerging topics in the field such as symmetry breaking, frustration, and the principle of density-driven phase formation. Crystals and Crystallinity in Polymers introduces two new concepts in crystallinity and crystals in synthetic polymers. First, crystallinity in polymeric materials is compatible with the absence of true three-dimensional long-range order. Second, the disorder may be described as a structural feature, using the methods of X-ray scattering and electron diffraction analysis. The book begins by introducing the basic principles and methods for building structural models for the conformation of polymer crystal chains. Next, it covers: Packing of macromolecules in polymer crystals Methods for extracting structural parameters from diffraction data Defects and disorder in polymer crystals Analytical methods for diffuse scattering from disordered polymer structures Crystal habit Influence of crystal defects and structural disorder on the physical and mechanical properties of polymeric materials Crystals and Crystallinity in Polymers examines all the possible types of structural disorder generally present in polymer crystals and describes the influence of each kind of disorder on X-ray and electron diffraction patterns. Its comprehensive, expert coverage makes it possible for readers to learn and apply the fundamentals of polymer crystallography to solve a broad range of problems.

Author : Paolo M. Ossi
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 306 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Science
ISBN : 3540413286

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Disordered Materials by Paolo M. Ossi Pdf

This self-contained textbook aims to introduce the physics of structurally disordered condensed systems at the level of advanced undergraduate and graduate students. The topics discussed include the geometry and symmetries of the building blocks commonly used to obtain atomic structures, the various kinds of disorder, the phenomenology and the main theories of the glass transition, investigation of the structure of amorphous systems, the dependence of system structure on its dimensions (clusters), and the case of positional order in the absence of translational order (quasicrystals).

Author : David Adler
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 835 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461325130

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Physics of Disordered Materials by David Adler Pdf

This volume and its two companion volumes, entitled Tetrahedrally-Bonded Amorphous Semiconductors and Localization and Metal-Insulator Transitions, are our way of paying special tribute to Sir Nevill Mott and to express our heartfelt wishes to him on the occasion of his eightieth birthday. Sir Nevill has set the highest standards as a physicist, teacher, and scientific leader. Our feelings for him include not only the respect and admiration due a great scientist, but also a deep affection for a great human being, who possesses a rare combination of outstanding personal qualities. We thank him for enriching our lives, and we shall forever carry cherished memories of this noble man. Scientists best express their thanks by contributing their thoughts and observations to a Festschrift. This one honoring Sir Nevill fills three volumes, with literally hundreds of authors meeting a strict deadline. The fact that contributions poured in from all parts of the world attests to the international cohesion of our scientific community. It is a tribute to Sir Nevill's stand for peace and understanding, transcending national borders. The editors wish to express their gratitude to Ghazaleh Koefod for her diligence and expertise in deciphering and typing many of the papers, as well as helping in numerous other ways. The blame for the errors that remain belongs to the editors.

Author : Stadford R. Ovshinsky
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 404 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781468487459

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Disordered Materials by Stadford R. Ovshinsky Pdf

Landmark contributions to science and mechanisms for the origin of the phenomena, and technology are rarely recognized at the time of reached important conclusions about the physical publication. Few people, even in technical areas, nature of the materials at equilibrium and their recogni zed the importance of developments such as electronic nonequilibrium properties. Many of these the transistor, the laser, or electrophotography ideas were condensed into a publication for Physical until well after their successful demonstration. Review Letters, paper 1 in this collection. This So-called experts, in fact, tend to resist new paper immediately attracted attention to the field, inventions, a natural instinct based on a combina and directly lead to the initiation of large research tion of fear of obsolescent expertise and jealousy efforts at both industrial laboratories and univer- arising from lack of active participation in the ties throughout the world. Inevitably, there was discovery. the usual amount of controversy, with many experts Denigration of new ideas is a relatively simultaneously taking positions (2) and (3) above. safe modus operandi, since the vast majority It has now been well over 20 years since eventually are abandoned well short of commerciality. the original publication date, and an objective view However, a successful device can be identified by can be taken in hindsight.

Author : Marzena Rams-Baron,Renata Jachowicz,Elena Boldyreva,Deliang Zhou,Witold Jamroz,Marian Paluch
Publisher : Springer
Page : 230 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2018-02-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319720029

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Amorphous Drugs by Marzena Rams-Baron,Renata Jachowicz,Elena Boldyreva,Deliang Zhou,Witold Jamroz,Marian Paluch Pdf

This book explains theoretical and technological aspects of amorphous drug formulations. It is intended for all those wishing to increase their knowledge in the field of amorphous pharmaceuticals. Conversion of crystalline material into the amorphous state, as described in this book, is a way to overcome limited water solubility of drug formulations, in this way enhancing the chemical activity and bioavailability inside the body. Written by experts from various fields and backgrounds, the book introduces to fundamental physical aspects (explaining differences between the ordered and the disordered solid states, the enhancement of solubility resulting from drugs amorphization, physical instability and how it can be overcome) as well as preparation and formulation procedures to produce and stabilize amorphous pharmaceuticals. Readers will thus gain a well-funded understanding and find a multi-faceted discussion of the properties and advantages of amorphous drugs and of the challenges in producing and stabilizing them. The book is an ideal source of information for researchers and students as well as professionals engaged in research and development of amorphous pharmaceutical products.

Author : B. Henderson
Publisher : Crane Russak, Incorporated
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 1972
Category : Crystals
ISBN : 0844801542

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Defects in Crystalline Solids by B. Henderson Pdf

Author : Stanisław Mrowec
Publisher : Elsevier Science & Technology
Page : 474 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 1980
Category : Science
ISBN : UOM:39015058319693

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Defects and Diffusion in Solids by Stanisław Mrowec Pdf

Author : Kate Wright,Charles Richard Arthur Catlow
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 670 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 1999-10-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 079235981X

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Microscopic Properties and Processes in Minerals by Kate Wright,Charles Richard Arthur Catlow Pdf

One of the major developments in Earth Sciences in general, and mineralogy in particular, has been the growth of our understanding of the microscopic behaviour of the complex materials that make up the Earth. This has been made possible by advances in our ability to probe minerals at the atomic level, over a large range of pressure and temperature conditions. New experimental techniques include the use of scanning probe microscopies to investigate mineral surfaces, as well as the use of neutron scattering, nuclear spectroscopies and synchrotron radiation to investigate the bonding and structure of minerals. In addition, there have been major developments in computational methods so that it is now possible to calculate the electronic structure of many rock forming materials. The aim of this volume is to give a coherent survey of the latest developments in experimental and theoretical approaches to the study of microscopic propertie~ and processes in minerals. Chapters in the book cover a number of key themes in the mineral sciences such as the behaviour of minerals at extremes of pressure and temperature, ordering in complex silicates, mechanisms of water incorporation in mantle phases, the importance of reactions occurring at the mineral surface, and the ability of computational methods to provide useful, qualitative information on the bulk and surface properties of minerals. The background to several experimental techniques is covered in some detail with examples of relevance to the issues cited above.