Demographic Dividends Gender Equality And Economic Growth

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Demographic Dividends, Gender Equality, and Economic Growth

Ms.Heloisa Marone
Demographic Dividends Gender Equality and Economic Growth Book PDF

Author : Ms.Heloisa Marone
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 25 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2016-08-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781475524246

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Demographic Dividends, Gender Equality, and Economic Growth by Ms.Heloisa Marone Pdf

This study analyzes Cabo Verde’s demographic transition from the perspective of gender equality. As the pace of the demographic transition slows, promoting gender equality and increasing women’s labor force participation will be progressively more important in enhancing otherwise slow-growth dynamics, reducing poverty, and improving the lives of all, women and men. The study investigates gender gaps in the labor market participation rate, employment conditions, and the use of time dedicated to unpaid work. It also discusses policy options to decrease the time women spend on unpaid work, enhance their employability, and enable them to secure employment. Overall, this study contributes to the debate on how better to manage the potential dividends resulting from demographic transitions on the still young but rapidly aging African continent.

Demographic Dividends: Emerging Challenges and Policy Implications

Roberta Pace,Roberto Ham-Chande
Demographic Dividends Emerging Challenges and Policy Implications Book PDF

Author : Roberta Pace,Roberto Ham-Chande
Publisher : Springer
Page : 184 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2016-07-29
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783319327099

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Demographic Dividends: Emerging Challenges and Policy Implications by Roberta Pace,Roberto Ham-Chande Pdf

This book examines potential economic opportunities that countries can experience when fertility rates fall and the average life expectancy of the working age population increases. It presents detailed demographic and economic analysis of middle-income countries throughout the world in order to show how these countries can take advantage of this demographic bonus. The book first traces the common link between policies that contribute to fertility transition as well as create the right kind of environment for reaping the benefit of demographic dividend. Next, it explores different countries and regions who are at different levels of development. It assesses the long term impact of gender equality on economic growth and development in Latin America; describes the life-cycle saving patterns of Mexican households; and examines demographic determinants of economic growth in BRICS. The book also offers demographic and economic analysis of the Mediterranean area, Sub-Saharan Africa, and New Zealand. The comparison between the different territorial contexts allow for the identification of three typologies of demographic dividend: the first dividend, when the working population grows faster than total population, the second dividend, as active generations get older and invest their savings in the production system of their country, and the third dividend, based on the coexistence of two populations age structure strongly contrasting. Overall, this book argues for the need to capitalize on the opportunities that come from the demographic dividend by investing heavily in education programs, training programs for the population working age, health programs, the creation of health insurance systems as well as programs to reduce or increase fertility levels.

Gender Inequality and Economic Growth: Evidence from Industry-Level Data

Ata Can Bertay,Ljubica Dordevic,Can Sever
Gender Inequality and Economic Growth Evidence from Industry Level Data Book PDF

Author : Ata Can Bertay,Ljubica Dordevic,Can Sever
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 42 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2020-07-03
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781513546278

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Gender Inequality and Economic Growth: Evidence from Industry-Level Data by Ata Can Bertay,Ljubica Dordevic,Can Sever Pdf

We study whether higher gender equality facilitates economic growth by enabling better allocation of a valuable resource: female labor. By allocating female labor to its more productive use, we hypothesize that reducing gender inequality should disproportionately benefit industries with typically higher female share in their employment relative to other industries. Specifically, we exploit within-country variation across industries to test whether those that typically employ more women grow relatively faster in countries with ex-ante lower gender inequality. The test allows us to identify the causal effect of gender inequality on industry growth in value-added and labor productivity. Our findings show that gender inequality affects real economic outcomes.

Gender Equality and Economic Diversification

Romina Kazandjian,Ms.Lisa Kolovich,Ms.Kalpana Kochhar,Ms.Monique Newiak
Gender Equality and Economic Diversification Book PDF

Author : Romina Kazandjian,Ms.Lisa Kolovich,Ms.Kalpana Kochhar,Ms.Monique Newiak
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 29 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2016-07-14
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781498367738

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Gender Equality and Economic Diversification by Romina Kazandjian,Ms.Lisa Kolovich,Ms.Kalpana Kochhar,Ms.Monique Newiak Pdf

We show that gender inequality decreases the variety of goods countries produce and export, in particular in low-income and developing countries. We argue that this happens through at least two channels: first, gender gaps in opportunity, such as lower educational enrollment rates for girls than for boys, harm diversification by constraining the potential pool of human capital available in an economy. Second, gender gaps in the labor market impede the development of new ideas by decreasing the efficiency of the labor force. Our empirical estimates support these hypotheses, providing evidence that gender-friendly policies could help countries diversify their economies.

The Demographic Dividend

David Bloom,David Canning,Jaypee Sevilla
The Demographic Dividend Book PDF

Author : David Bloom,David Canning,Jaypee Sevilla
Publisher : Rand Corporation
Page : 127 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2003-02-13
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780833033734

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The Demographic Dividend by David Bloom,David Canning,Jaypee Sevilla Pdf

There is long-standing debate on how population growth affects national economies. A new report from Population Matters examines the history of this debate and synthesizes current research on the topic. The authors, led by Harvard economist David Bloom, conclude that population age structure, more than size or growth per se, affects economic development, and that reducing high fertility can create opportunities for economic growth if the right kinds of educational, health, and labor-market policies are in place. The report also examines specific regions of the world and how their differing policy environments have affected the relationship between population change and economic development.

Women, Work, and Economic Growth

Ms.Kalpana Kochhar,Ms.Sonali Jain-Chandra,Ms.Monique Newiak
Women Work and Economic Growth Book PDF

Author : Ms.Kalpana Kochhar,Ms.Sonali Jain-Chandra,Ms.Monique Newiak
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 332 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2017-02-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781475579031

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Women, Work, and Economic Growth by Ms.Kalpana Kochhar,Ms.Sonali Jain-Chandra,Ms.Monique Newiak Pdf

Women make up a little over half of the world’s population, but their contribution to measured economic activity and growth is far below its potential. Despite significant progress in recent decades, labor markets across the world remain divided along gender lines, and progress toward gender equality seems to have stalled. The challenges of growth, job creation, and inclusion are closely intertwined. This volume brings together key research by IMF economists on issues related to gender and macroeconomics. In addition to providing policy prescriptions and case studies from IMF member countries, the chapters also look at the gender gap from an economic point of view.

Women Are Key for Future Growth

Bengt Petersson,Rodrigo Mariscal,Kotaro Ishi
Women Are Key for Future Growth Book PDF

Author : Bengt Petersson,Rodrigo Mariscal,Kotaro Ishi
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 46 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2017-07-19
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781484309247

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Women Are Key for Future Growth by Bengt Petersson,Rodrigo Mariscal,Kotaro Ishi Pdf

How important are female workers for economic growth? This paper presents empirical evidence that an increase in female labor force participation is positively associated with labor productivity growth. Using panel data for 10 Canadian provinces over 1990–2015, we found that a 1 percentage point increase in the labor force participation among women with high educational attainment would raise Canada’s overall labor productivity growth by 0.2 to 0.3 percentage point a year. This suggests that if the current gap of 7 percentage points between male and female labor force participation with high educational attainment were eliminated, the level of real GDP could be about 4 percent higher today. The government has appropriately stepped up its efforts to improve gender equality, as part of its growth strategy. In particular, the government’s plan to expand access to affordable child care is a positive step. However, we argue that to maximize the policy outcome given a budget constraint, provision of subsidized child care—including publicly funded child care spaces—should be better targeted to working parents.

Inequality, Gender Gaps and Economic Growth

Ms.Dalia S Hakura,Mr.Mumtaz Hussain,Ms.Monique Newiak,Vimal Thakoor,Mr.Fan Yang
Inequality Gender Gaps and Economic Growth Book PDF

Author : Ms.Dalia S Hakura,Mr.Mumtaz Hussain,Ms.Monique Newiak,Vimal Thakoor,Mr.Fan Yang
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 29 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2016-09-23
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781475540345

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Inequality, Gender Gaps and Economic Growth by Ms.Dalia S Hakura,Mr.Mumtaz Hussain,Ms.Monique Newiak,Vimal Thakoor,Mr.Fan Yang Pdf

A growing body of empirical evidence suggests that inequality—income or gender related—can impede economic growth. Using dynamic panel regressions and new time series data, this paper finds that both income and gender inequalities, including from legal gender-based restrictions, are jointly negatively associated with per capita GDP growth. Examining the relationship for countries at different stages of development, we find that this effect prevails mainly in lower income countries. In particular, per capita income growth in sub-Saharan Africa could be higher by as much as 0.9 percentage points on average if inequality was reduced to the levels observed in the fastgrowing emerging Asian countries. High levels of income inequality in sub-Saharan Africa appear partly driven by structural features. However, the paper’s findings show that policies that influence the opportunities of low-income households and women to participate in economic activities also matter and, therefore, if well-designed and targeted, could play a role in alleviating inequalities.

Gender Equality, Poverty and Economic Growth

Andrew Morrison,Andrew R. Morrison
Gender Equality Poverty and Economic Growth Book PDF

Author : Andrew Morrison,Andrew R. Morrison
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 57 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Communities and Human Settlements
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Gender Equality, Poverty and Economic Growth by Andrew Morrison,Andrew R. Morrison Pdf

Abstract: This paper reviews empirical findings from economic analyses of the role of gender equality and women's empowerment in reducing poverty and stimulating growth. Going beyond the large literature documenting the impact of female education on a range of development outcomes, the paper presents evidence on the impact of women's access to markets (labor, land, and credit) and women's decision-making power within households on poverty reduction and productivity at the individual and household level. The paper also summarizes evidence from studies examining the relationship between gender equality and poverty reduction and growth at the macro level. Although micro level effects of gender equality on individual productivity and human development outcomes have been well documented and have important ramifications for aggregate economic performance, establishing an empirical relationship between gender equality and poverty reduction and growth at the macro level has proven to be more challenging. The paper concludes by identifying priority areas for future research.

Excerpt: Women, Work, and Economic Growth

Ms.Kalpana Kochhar,Ms.Sonali Jain-Chandra,Ms.Monique Newiak
Excerpt Women Work and Economic Growth Book PDF

Author : Ms.Kalpana Kochhar,Ms.Sonali Jain-Chandra,Ms.Monique Newiak
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 30 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2016-09-09
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781475535853

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Excerpt: Women, Work, and Economic Growth by Ms.Kalpana Kochhar,Ms.Sonali Jain-Chandra,Ms.Monique Newiak Pdf

This paper analyzes various linkages and interconnections between gender inequality and the macroeconomy. The prevalence of gender inequality, particularly the presence of gender gaps in the labor force and in economic opportunities, can weigh on and impede inclusive growth. The precise nature of gender gaps varies, but in the majority of countries there are differences between men and women in decision-making power, economic participation, access to opportunities, and social norms and expectations. The analysis shows that gender gaps in pay and in access to resources, occupations, and credit, among other things, not only have negative microeconomic effects on women but also imply large costs for the aggregate economy. Differences in economic outcomes may be a consequence of unequal opportunities and enabling conditions for men and women and for boys and girls. Raising female participation could provide an important boost to growth, but women face two hurdles in participating in the workforce in Japan.

Catalyst for Change

Mr.Christian Gonzales,Ms.Sonali Jain-Chandra,Ms.Kalpana Kochhar,Ms.Monique Newiak,Mr.Tlek Zeinullayev
Catalyst for Change Book PDF

Author : Mr.Christian Gonzales,Ms.Sonali Jain-Chandra,Ms.Kalpana Kochhar,Ms.Monique Newiak,Mr.Tlek Zeinullayev
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 42 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2015-10-22
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513533384

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Catalyst for Change by Mr.Christian Gonzales,Ms.Sonali Jain-Chandra,Ms.Kalpana Kochhar,Ms.Monique Newiak,Mr.Tlek Zeinullayev Pdf

This study shows empirically that gender inequality and income inequality are strongly interlinked, even after controlling for standard drivers of income inequality. The study analyzes gender inequality by using and extending the United Nation’s Gender Inequality Index (GII) to cover two decades for almost 140 countries,. The main finding is that an increase in the GII from perfect gender equality to perfect inequality is associated with an almost 10 points higher net Gini coefficient. For advanced countries, with higher gender equity in opportunities, income inequality arises mainly through gender gaps in economic participation. For emerging market and developing countries, inequality of opportunity, in particular in education and health, appear to pose larger obstacles to income equality.

Africa's Demographic Transition

David Canning,Sangeeta Raja,Abdo S. Yazbeck
Africa s Demographic Transition Book PDF

Author : David Canning,Sangeeta Raja,Abdo S. Yazbeck
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 214 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2015-10-22
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781464804908

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Africa's Demographic Transition by David Canning,Sangeeta Raja,Abdo S. Yazbeck Pdf

Africa is poised on the edge of a potential takeoff to sustained economic growth. This takeoff can be abetted by a demographic dividend from the changes in population age structure. Declines in child mortality, followed by declines in fertility, produce a 'bulge' generation and a large number of working age people, giving a boost to the economy. In the short run lower fertility leads to lower youth dependency rates and greater female labor force participation outside the home. Smaller family sizes also mean more resources to invest in the health and education per child boosting worker productivity. In the long run increased life spans from health improvements mean that this large, high-earning cohort will also want to save for retirement, creating higher savings and investments, leading to further productivity gains. Two things are required for the demographic dividend to generate an African economic takeoff. The first is to speed up the fertility decline that is currently slow or stalled in many countries. The second is economic policies that take advantage of the opportunity offered by demography. While demographic change can produce more, and high quality, workers, this potential workforce needs to be productively employed if Africa is to reap the dividend. However, once underway, the relationship between demographic change and human development works in both directions, creating a virtuous cycle that can accelerate fertility decline, social development, and economic growth. Empirical evidence points to three key factors for speeding the fertility transition: child health, female education, and women's empowerment, particularly through access to family planning. Harnessing the dividend requires job creation for the large youth cohorts entering working age, and encouraging foreign investment until domestic savings and investment increase. The appropriate mix of policies in each country depends on their stage of the demographic transition.

Women Empowerment and Well-Being for Inclusive Economic Growth

Dixit, Shailja,Moid, Sana
Women Empowerment and Well Being for Inclusive Economic Growth Book PDF

Author : Dixit, Shailja,Moid, Sana
Publisher : IGI Global
Page : 259 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2020-11-06
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781799837398

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Women Empowerment and Well-Being for Inclusive Economic Growth by Dixit, Shailja,Moid, Sana Pdf

As women become more outspoken regarding their right to equal pay, it has been noted that gender equality, with women earning as much as men, would enrich the global economy. These studies have shown that equal pay, equal hours, and equal participation for women in the workforce could lead to a global wealth jump and potentially create knock-on benefits such as lower malnutrition and child mortality rates. Women Empowerment and Well-Being for Inclusive Economic Growth is a collection of innovative research that makes the case for understanding development in economic terms as well as in terms of well-being, empowerment, and participation and uncovers the role of empowering women and achieving gender equality in sustainable development. Research work and cases related to participation of a women's labor force in the economic development of the country, the place of women in society, their contribution to the social development of their country, and the problems faced by them are key features in the book. While highlighting topics including gender inequality, self-worth, and industrial policy, this book is ideally designed for economic analysts, managers, policymakers, business professionals, government officials, entrepreneurs, and business students.

South Korea's Demographic Dividend

Elizabeth Hervey Stephen
South Korea s Demographic Dividend Book PDF

Author : Elizabeth Hervey Stephen
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 134 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2019-01-14
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781442280861

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South Korea's Demographic Dividend by Elizabeth Hervey Stephen Pdf

South Korea’s Demographic Dividend: Echoes of the Past or Prologue to the Future? weaves together the compelling story of social and demographic effects of the economic miracle in South Korea. This exploration of social change examines the demographic dividend: a window of time when a large percentage of a country’s population is in the working ages as a result of low fertility and declining mortality.

Gender and Economics

Jane Humphries
Gender and Economics Book PDF

Author : Jane Humphries
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 606 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : STANFORD:36105012364035

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Gender and Economics by Jane Humphries Pdf

Presents 27 articles dating from 1923 to 1994 on gender differences, female labour supply, male-female wage differences and on the historical significance of women's work.