Determination Of Environmental Remediation End States
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Determination of Environmental Remediation End States by IAEA Pdf
Sites with radioactive contamination may require action to protect people and the environment and to enable transition to a different future use. To support environmental management of these sites, this publication presents a process to determine the “end state” of the site to be remediated or being remediated, and implications for the site future use and necessary controls. The approach is intended to assist those responsible for a site in making an informed and transparent decision on what is the mutually agreed end state. It provides a common basis for all stakeholders involved in the decision-making process, who are working on achieving consensus, so that the potential for misunderstanding is reduced.
Determination of Environmental Remediation End States by Anonim Pdf
"Sites with radioactive contamination may require action to protect people and the environment and to enable transition to a different future use. To support environmental management of these sites, this publication presents a process to determine the "end state" of the site to be remediated or being remediated and implications for the site future use and necessary controls. The approach is intended to assist those responsible for a site in making an informed and transparent decision on what is the mutually agreed end state. It provides a common basis for all stakeholders involved in the decision-making process, who are working on achieving consensus, so that the potential for misunderstanding is reduced."--Page 4 of cover.
Integrated Approach to Planning the Remediation of Sites Undergoing Decommissioning by International Atomic Energy Agency Pdf
Investigates the potential synergies between decommissioning and site remediation in order to allow for the implementation of both processes in an integrated and cost effective way. The publication reviews the planning procedures for, and operational constraints on, partial remediation of sites.
National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Committee on Technologies for Cleanup of High-Level Waste in Tanks in the DOE Weapons Complex
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Committee on Technologies for Cleanup of High-Level Waste in Tanks in the DOE Weapons Complex Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 105 pages File Size : 45,8 Mb Release : 1999-04-16 Category : Science ISBN : 9780309061834
An End State Methodology for Identifying Technology Needs for Environmental Management, with an Example from the Hanford Site Tanks by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Committee on Technologies for Cleanup of High-Level Waste in Tanks in the DOE Weapons Complex Pdf
A major issue in the cleanup of this country's nuclear weapons complex is how to dispose of the radioactive waste resulting primarily from the chemical processing operations for the recovery of plutonium and other defense strategic nuclear materials. The wastes are stored in hundreds of large underground tanks at four U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) sites throughout the United States. The tanks contain hundreds of thousands of cubic meters of radioactive and hazardous waste. Most of it is high-level waste (HLW), some of it is transuranic (TRU) or low- level waste (LLW), and essentially all containing significant amounts of chemicals deemed hazardous. Of the 278 tanks involved, about 70 are known or assumed to have leaked some of their contents to the environment. The remediation of the tanks and their contents requires the development of new technologies to enable cleanup and minimize costs while meeting various health, safety, and environmental objectives. While DOE has a process based on stakeholder participation for screening and formulating technology needs, it lacks transparency (in terms of being apparent to all concerned decision makers and other interested parties) and a systematic basis (in terms of identifying end states for the contaminants and developing pathways to these states from the present conditions). An End State Methodology for Identifying Technology Needs for Environmental Management, with an Example from the Hanford Site Tanks describes an approach for identifying technology development needs that is both systematic and transparent to enhance the cleanup and remediation of the tank contents and their sites. The authoring committee believes that the recommended end state based approach can be applied to DOE waste management in general, not just to waste in tanks. The approach is illustrated through an example based on the tanks at the DOE Hanford Site in southeastern Washington state, the location of some 60 percent by volume of the tank waste residues.
Nuclear Waste Management Facilities by Rehab O Abdel Rahman Pdf
Nuclear Waste Management Facilities: Advances, Environmental Impacts, and Future Prospects examines best practices and recent trends in improving nuclear safety and reducing the negative environmental impacts of nuclear waste. With strong emphasis on regulatory requirements, this reference is essential for designing new integrated waste management practices, using lessons learned from historical and current practices. Divided into three key sections, Part One introduces the reader to the safety and environmental impacts of the nuclear industry. Part Two reviews recent technological and methodological approaches to enhancing safety, as well as reducing the carbon footprint of both individual processes and integrated facilities. Topics covered include waste processing, transmutation and decommissioning. Part Three consider potential management schemes for special waste from innovative sources, and wastes that contain emerging contaminants, including waste recycling opportunities. Nuclear Waste Management Facilities: Advances, Environmental Impacts, and Future Prospects is a crucial tool needed to implement the safest and most environmentally considerate best practices within nuclear waste management facilities. Presents recent approaches used to assess and improve the safety and reduce the environmental impacts of nuclear waste management facilities Offers technical guidance to support the development and defense of the environmental impact assessment (EIA) and Safety Cases to support the waste management facilities licensing throughout their lifecycles Highlights the future perspectives for wastes produced from innovative reactors and wastes containing emerging contaminants, and recycling opportunities
Environmental Remediation and Restoration of Contaminated Nuclear and Norm Sites by L van Velzen Pdf
Nuclear sites become contaminated with radionuclides due to accidents and activities carried out without due consideration for the environment. Naturally-occurring radioactive materials (NORM) released by industrial processes such as coal power production and fertilizer manufacture may also require clean-up. Environmental remediation and restoration aim to reduce exposure to radiation from contaminated soil or groundwater. This book provides a comprehensive overview of this area. Part 1 provides an introduction to the different types of contaminated site and their characteristics. Part 2 addresses environmental restoration frameworks and processes. Part 3 then reviews different remediation techniques and methods of waste disposal. Explores types and characteristics of contaminated nuclear and NORM sites Provides an in depth guide to environmental restoration frameworks and processes including stakeholder involvement, risk assessment and cost-benefit analysis in the remediation and restoration of contaminated nuclear and NORM sites Offers coverage of remediation techniques and waste disposal from electrokinetic remediation to in situ and ex situ bioremediation of radionuclides contaminated soils
National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Science and Technology for Sustainability Program,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board,Committee on Best Practices for Risk-Informed Remedy Selection, Closure and Post-Closure of Contaminated Sites
Author : National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Science and Technology for Sustainability Program,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board,Committee on Best Practices for Risk-Informed Remedy Selection, Closure and Post-Closure of Contaminated Sites Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 210 pages File Size : 53,7 Mb Release : 2014-07-21 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309303088
Best Practices for Risk-Informed Decision Making Regarding Contaminated Sites by National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Science and Technology for Sustainability Program,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board,Committee on Best Practices for Risk-Informed Remedy Selection, Closure and Post-Closure of Contaminated Sites Pdf
The Department of Energy's Office of Environmental Management's (EM) mission is the safe cleanup of sites associated with the government-led development of nuclear weapons and nuclear energy. While many of these legacy sites have completed cleanup, the largest and most complex sites have not been fully remediated. The cleanup of these sites is proceeding under legally enforceable agreements with timelines for hundreds of milestones. EM is reviewing alternative approaches to increase effectiveness and improve cost efficiencies of its cleanup activities, especially for sites that will have residual contamination when active cleanup is complete. This report is the summary of two workshops convened in October 2013 and January 2014 on best practices for risk-informed remedy selection, closure, and post-closure control of radioactive and chemically contaminated sites that present significant difficulty for remediation to unrestricted release. The workshop series aimed to explore best practices that promote effective, risk-informed decision making and future opportunities to improve remediation approaches and practices.In the Workshop #1 section of Best Practices for Risk-Informed Decision Making Regarding Contaminated Sites, the report examines holistic approaches for remediating sites with multiple contaminant sources and post-closure uses, and approaches for incorporating a sustainability framework into decision making regarding site remediation, closure, and post-closure control. In Workshop #2, the report focuses on post-closure controls, assessment of long-term performance of site remedies, and best practices for risk-based remediation decisions.
National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Committee on Technologies for Cleanup of High-Level Waste in Tanks in the DOE Weapons Complex
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Committee on Technologies for Cleanup of High-Level Waste in Tanks in the DOE Weapons Complex Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 105 pages File Size : 55,9 Mb Release : 1999-03-16 Category : Science ISBN : 9780309184311
An End State Methodology for Identifying Technology Needs for Environmental Management, with an Example from the Hanford Site Tanks by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Committee on Technologies for Cleanup of High-Level Waste in Tanks in the DOE Weapons Complex Pdf
A major issue in the cleanup of this country's nuclear weapons complex is how to dispose of the radioactive waste resulting primarily from the chemical processing operations for the recovery of plutonium and other defense strategic nuclear materials. The wastes are stored in hundreds of large underground tanks at four U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) sites throughout the United States. The tanks contain hundreds of thousands of cubic meters of radioactive and hazardous waste. Most of it is high-level waste (HLW), some of it is transuranic (TRU) or low- level waste (LLW), and essentially all containing significant amounts of chemicals deemed hazardous. Of the 278 tanks involved, about 70 are known or assumed to have leaked some of their contents to the environment. The remediation of the tanks and their contents requires the development of new technologies to enable cleanup and minimize costs while meeting various health, safety, and environmental objectives. While DOE has a process based on stakeholder participation for screening and formulating technology needs, it lacks transparency (in terms of being apparent to all concerned decision makers and other interested parties) and a systematic basis (in terms of identifying end states for the contaminants and developing pathways to these states from the present conditions). An End State Methodology for Identifying Technology Needs for Environmental Management, with an Example from the Hanford Site Tanks describes an approach for identifying technology development needs that is both systematic and transparent to enhance the cleanup and remediation of the tank contents and their sites. The authoring committee believes that the recommended end state based approach can be applied to DOE waste management in general, not just to waste in tanks. The approach is illustrated through an example based on the tanks at the DOE Hanford Site in southeastern Washington state, the location of some 60 percent by volume of the tank waste residues.
Committee on Remediation of Buried and Tank Wastes,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Division on Earth and Life Studies,National Research Council
Author : Committee on Remediation of Buried and Tank Wastes,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Division on Earth and Life Studies,National Research Council Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 63 pages File Size : 40,6 Mb Release : 1998-09-04 Category : Science ISBN : 9780309522816
Systems Analysis and Systems Engineering in Environmental Remediation Programs at the Department of Energy Hanford Site by Committee on Remediation of Buried and Tank Wastes,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Division on Earth and Life Studies,National Research Council Pdf
The primary purpose of systems engineering is to organize information and knowledge to assist those who manage, direct, and control the planning, development, production, and operation of the systems necessary to accomplish a given mission. However, this purpose can be compromised or defeated if information production and organization becomes an end unto itself. Systems engineering was developed to help resolve the engineering problems that are encountered when attempting to develop and implement large and complex engineering projects. It depends upon integrated program planning and development, disciplined and consistent allocation and control of design and development requirements and functions, and systems analysis. The key thesis of this report is that proper application of systems analysis and systems engineering will improve the management of tank wastes at the Hanford Site significantly, thereby leading to reduced life cycle costs for remediation and more effective risk reduction. The committee recognizes that evidence for cost savings from application of systems engineering has not been demonstrated yet.
Strategy and Methodology for Radioactive Waste Characterization by International Atomic Energy Agency Pdf
Over the past decade significant progress has been achieved in the development of waste characterization and control procedures and equipment as a direct response to ever-increasing requirements for quality and reliability of information on waste characteristics. Failure in control procedures at any step can have important, adverse consequences and may result in producing waste packages which are not compliant with the waste acceptance criteria for disposal, thereby adversely impacting the repository. The information and guidance included in this publication corresponds to recent achievements and reflects the optimum approaches, thereby reducing the potential for error and enhancing the quality of the end product. -- Publisher's description.
Author : Ronald E. Hill Publisher : Unknown Page : 186 pages File Size : 48,7 Mb Release : 2000-06 Category : Pollution control industry ISBN : 142353395X
A Comprehensive Analysis of the Environmental Remediation Industry by Ronald E. Hill Pdf
As a result of the legislation enacted over the past 20 years, American Government and industry are currently spending about $115 billion a year to meet environmental goals. This amount is expected to increase to $160 billion a year by the end of the year 2000. State and local Governments, which will have to bear a particularly large share of this increase, face over $80 billion in investment costs for wastewater alone, and the Federal Government will have to spend about $200 billion simply to clean up contaminated Department of Defense and Department of Energy installations. Altogether, the nation has invested about $1 trillion in environmental protection over the last 20 years. This analysis was designed to find out whom the DoD does business within the Environmental Remediation Industry. Key findings of this study are (1) Environmental Remediation companies are not dependent on the DoD business for survival, (2) Small Businesses dominate the Environmental Remediation Industry, (3) A majority of the Environmental Remediation companies provide services versus goods, (4) Environmental Remediation companies are located in states with strict environmental laws.
National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Water Science and Technology Board,Committee on Source Removal of Contaminants in the Subsurface
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Water Science and Technology Board,Committee on Source Removal of Contaminants in the Subsurface Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 371 pages File Size : 52,7 Mb Release : 2005-04-23 Category : Science ISBN : 9780309094474
Contaminants in the Subsurface by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Water Science and Technology Board,Committee on Source Removal of Contaminants in the Subsurface Pdf
At hundreds of thousands of commercial, industrial, and military sites across the country, subsurface materials including groundwater are contaminated with chemical waste. The last decade has seen growing interest in using aggressive source remediation technologies to remove contaminants from the subsurface, but there is limited understanding of (1) the effectiveness of these technologies and (2) the overall effect of mass removal on groundwater quality. This report reviews the suite of technologies available for source remediation and their ability to reach a variety of cleanup goals, from meeting regulatory standards for groundwater to reducing costs. The report proposes elements of a protocol for accomplishing source remediation that should enable project managers to decide whether and how to pursue source remediation at their sites.
Russian Academy of Sciences,National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Office for Central Europe and Eurasia,Committee on Cleaning Up of Radioactive Contamination: Russian Challenges and U.S. Experience
Author : Russian Academy of Sciences,National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Office for Central Europe and Eurasia,Committee on Cleaning Up of Radioactive Contamination: Russian Challenges and U.S. Experience Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 234 pages File Size : 42,7 Mb Release : 2009-02-23 Category : Science ISBN : 9780309127615
Cleaning Up Sites Contaminated with Radioactive Materials by Russian Academy of Sciences,National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Office for Central Europe and Eurasia,Committee on Cleaning Up of Radioactive Contamination: Russian Challenges and U.S. Experience Pdf
This publication features papers presented at the Workshop on Cleaning Up Sites Contaminated with Radioactive Materials, held in Moscow in June 2007. This activity was organized by the National Academies in cooperation with the Russian Academy of Sciences and with funding provided by the Russell Family Foundation. The workshop was designed to promote exchanges of information on specific contaminated sites in Russia and elsewhere and to stimulate greater attention to the severity of the problems and the urgent need to clean up sites of concern to the local and international communities.
National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Water Science and Technology Board,Committee on Future Options for Management in the Nation's Subsurface Remediation Effort
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Water Science and Technology Board,Committee on Future Options for Management in the Nation's Subsurface Remediation Effort Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 422 pages File Size : 50,6 Mb Release : 2013-02-27 Category : Nature ISBN : 9780309278133
Alternatives for Managing the Nation's Complex Contaminated Groundwater Sites by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Water Science and Technology Board,Committee on Future Options for Management in the Nation's Subsurface Remediation Effort Pdf
Across the United States, thousands of hazardous waste sites are contaminated with chemicals that prevent the underlying groundwater from meeting drinking water standards. These include Superfund sites and other facilities that handle and dispose of hazardous waste, active and inactive dry cleaners, and leaking underground storage tanks; many are at federal facilities such as military installations. While many sites have been closed over the past 30 years through cleanup programs run by the U.S. Department of Defense, the U.S. EPA, and other state and federal agencies, the remaining caseload is much more difficult to address because the nature of the contamination and subsurface conditions make it difficult to achieve drinking water standards in the affected groundwater. Alternatives for Managing the Nation's Complex Contaminated Groundwater Sites estimates that at least 126,000 sites across the U.S. still have contaminated groundwater, and their closure is expected to cost at least $110 billion to $127 billion. About 10 percent of these sites are considered "complex," meaning restoration is unlikely to be achieved in the next 50 to 100 years due to technological limitations. At sites where contaminant concentrations have plateaued at levels above cleanup goals despite active efforts, the report recommends evaluating whether the sites should transition to long-term management, where risks would be monitored and harmful exposures prevented, but at reduced costs.
Barrier Systems for Environmental Contaminant Containment and Treatment by Calvin C. Chien,Hilary I. Inyang,Lorne G. Everett Pdf
Containment and permeable reactive barriers have come full circle as an acceptable environmental control technology during the past 30 years. As interest shifted back toward containment in the 1990s, the industry found itself relying largely on pre-1980s technology. Fortunately, in the past 10 years important advances have occurred in several areas of containment, most notably in the area of permeable barriers. A balanced presentation of what is known and not known, Barrier Systems for Contaminant Containment and Environmental Treatment provides a comprehensive report on the current state of the science and technology of waste containment. Comprehensive and easily read, this book is rich with discussions and references to literature. Setting the stage for how contaminants can get into the subsurface, the authors describe pathways and introduce the essential concepts of risk. They provide details on the current state of the art for performance prediction and clearly delineate the limitations in modeling specific situations. The book addresses the materials used in barriers, defines their properties, and explores how they perform in the field. It describes available technologies and addresses their applications to various types of barriers. Tackling perhaps the most challenging aspect of waste containment technology, the book includes two case studies that demonstrate the value of validating field performance. Subsurface containment and treatment barriers will continue to be a widely used environmental control technology in the years ahead. Representing the collective knowledge and efforts of leading experts from research, industry, and regulatory agencies, this book provides a valuable reference that helps to chart the way to successfully managing many contaminated sites.
