East Asia S Dynamic Development Model And Teh Republic Of Korea S Experiences

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East Asia's Dynamic Development Model and Teh Republic of Korea's Experiences

Ho-chʻŏl Yi,Mary McNulty
East Asia s Dynamic Development Model and Teh Republic of Korea s Experiences Book PDF

Author : Ho-chʻŏl Yi,Mary McNulty
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 64 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : East Asia
ISBN : 9780404042622

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East Asia's Dynamic Development Model and Teh Republic of Korea's Experiences by Ho-chʻŏl Yi,Mary McNulty Pdf

No region has been more dynamic in recent years than East Asia. Despite its successful economic development, evaluations of the East Asian development model have often been capricious, shifting from "miracle" to "cronyism." How can we explain East Asia's ups and downs consistently? To respond to this challenge, it is necessary to study the progress of East Asian development and to trace the influence of Asian cultural values. This study mainly focuses on cultural aspects of economic progress and analyzes East Asia's philosophical and historical backgrounds to explain the dynamic process. East Asians believe that balance between opposite but complementary forces, Yin and Yang, will ensure social stability and progress. Through repeated rebalancing to maintain harmony, the society comes to maturity. In traditional East Asian societies, a balance was maintained between Confucianism (Yang) and Taoism, Buddhism, and other philosophies (Yin). In modern societies, the challenge is to balance traditional systems (Yang) and Western style capitalism (Yin). This East Asian development model explains the Republic of Korea's rise, fall, and recovery. Korea was a poor country until the early 1960s, during the time when spiritualism (Yang) dominated. From the 1960s through the 1980s, Korea achieved rapid growth by finding a new balance and moving toward materialism (Yin) from spiritualism (Yang). But the failure to maintain a harmonious balance between cooperatism and collectivism (Yang) and individualism (Yin) led to major weaknesses in labor and financial markets that contributed significantly to the financial crisis in 1997. As Korea arrived at a new balance by instituting reform programs, the venture-oriented information and communication technology (ICT) industry blossomed and led to a rapid economic recovery. Since 2000, domestic financial scandals and political corruption have emerged as new social issues. Korea's next challenge is to find a new harmonization between moralism (Yang) and legalism (Yin). This paper-a product of the Office of the Senior Vice President and Chief Economist, Development Economics-is part of a larger effort in the Bank to examine institutional and cultural foundations of development across regions and countries.

East Asia's Dynamic Development Model and the Republic of Korea's Experiences

Ho-Chul Lee
East Asia s Dynamic Development Model and the Republic of Korea s Experiences Book PDF

Author : Ho-Chul Lee
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 58 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1290704024

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East Asia's Dynamic Development Model and the Republic of Korea's Experiences by Ho-Chul Lee Pdf

No region has been more dynamic in recent years than East Asia. Despite its successful economic development, evaluations of the East Asian development model have often been capricious, shifting from quot;miraclequot; to quot;cronyism.quot; How can we explain East Asia's ups and downs consistently? To respond to this challenge, it is necessary to study the progress of East Asian development and to trace the influence of Asian cultural values. This study mainly focuses on cultural aspects of economic progress and analyzes East Asia's philosophical and historical backgrounds to explain the dynamic process.East Asians believe that balance between opposite but complementary forces, Yin and Yang, will ensure social stability and progress. Through repeated rebalancing to maintain harmony, the society comes to maturity. In traditional East Asian societies, a balance was maintained between Confucianism (Yang) and Taoism, Buddhism, and other philosophies (Yin). In modern societies, the challenge is to balance traditional systems (Yang) and Western style capitalism (Yin).This East Asian development model explains the Republic of Korea's rise, fall, and recovery. Korea was a poor country until the early 1960s, during the time when spiritualism (Yang) dominated. From the 1960s through the 1980s, Korea achieved rapid growth by finding a new balance and moving toward materialism (Yin) from spiritualism (Yang). But the failure to maintain a harmonious balance between cooperatism and collectivism (Yang) and individualism (Yin) led to major weaknesses in labor and financial markets that contributed significantly to the financial crisis in 1997. As Korea arrived at a new balance by instituting reform programs, the venture-oriented information and communication technology (ICT) industry blossomed and led to a rapid economic recovery. Since 2000, domestic financial scandals and political corruption have emerged as new social issues. Korea's next challenge is to find a new harmonization between moralism (Yang) and legalism (Yin).This paper - a product of the Office of the Senior Vice President and Chief Economist, Development Economics - is part of a larger effort in the Bank to examine institutional and cultural foundations of development across regions and countries.

Continent, Coast, Ocean

Ooi Kee Beng,Ding Choo Ming
Continent Coast Ocean Book PDF

Author : Ooi Kee Beng,Ding Choo Ming
Publisher : Institute of Southeast Asian Studies
Page : 247 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2007-05-22
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789812304483

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Continent, Coast, Ocean by Ooi Kee Beng,Ding Choo Ming Pdf

Examines the dynamics of regionalism in Eastern Asia. Japan's diplomatic history as well as the heritage of its conquest of Eastern Asia is examined alongside China's cultural geography, paradigmatic dynamics, and intra-regional economics. Ties between East Asia and Southeast Asia, as well as the influence of American military power and European integration are also considered.

Rich World, Poor World

Ali A. Allawi
Rich World Poor World Book PDF

Author : Ali A. Allawi
Publisher : Yale University Press
Page : 688 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2024-04-23
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780300214284

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Rich World, Poor World by Ali A. Allawi Pdf

A landmark history of the world economic order, exploring how developing countries have fought to escape impoverishment Over the past two decades, experiments in neoliberal economics have opened up a chasm of inequality between the Global South and the West. Development advice from richer nations has led to social upheaval, political unrest, environmental degradation--and even the creation of a new underclass. Brutal extremes of wealth and poverty are now commonplace. Ali A. Allawi traces the evolution of the world economic order from the late imperial era to the present day. Shedding light on continuing controversies, Allawi shows how the process of development has been hindered at every turn, from poor leadership and lost opportunities to widespread corruption. In doing so, he argues that the current neoliberal consensus is only the most recent of a series of failed policy imperatives. Covering issues in the Global South as well as failures in the West, this definitive account offers an impassioned and authoritative call for change.

East Asian Development Model

Shiping Hua,Ruihua Hu
East Asian Development Model Book PDF

Author : Shiping Hua,Ruihua Hu
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 283 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2014-12-17
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781317815785

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East Asian Development Model by Shiping Hua,Ruihua Hu Pdf

Given the impressive growth in East Asia after World War II, initially led by Japan, the region's development models have been scrutinized since the 1980s. The shared Confucian cultural heritage, strong government guidance, and export led economies were often cited as contributors to the impressive growth. However, major changes have taken place in Asia on and around the turn of the century: Japan experienced two decades of economic slow-down, while World Bank figures reveal that China is poised to become the largest economy in the world in 2014, overtaking the United States. Bearing this in mind, is it even possible to formulate an East Asian development model in the context of a shifting twenty-first century? And if so, what is it? This book addresses this issue by looking at the economic, political and cultural perspectives of China, Japan and South Korea, focusing on dynamism and potential consensus regarding an East Asian development model. The chapters offer a historical background to the East Asian development model, as well as in-depth case studies of each of the countries concerned to show that whilst the East Asian development model does have distinct characteristics as compared with other areas, and other countries may draw some insights from the East Asian experience, it is not a panacea that fits all circumstances and fits all times. This book will be welcomed by students and scholars of Asian economics, Asian politics, international political economy and development studies.

After-Development Dynamics

Anthony P. D'Costa
After Development Dynamics Book PDF

Author : Anthony P. D'Costa
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2015-07-30
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780191045738

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After-Development Dynamics by Anthony P. D'Costa Pdf

The South Korean economic development trajectory has been widely studied and is well understood. From an impoverished war-torn nation, the country has progressed on all fronts, including a ten-fold increase in per capita income over a 40 year period. It stands out internationally when it comes to education and politically it has moved away from authoritarianism to a more spirited democratic system. In short, it seems to have achieved it all. The question then is, what does a country do after it has attained development? This volume examines Korea's strategic engagement with Asia as a response to the limits of the home market. Access to new markets and resources in Asia through exports and foreign investment are critical. Additionally, with Korea's ongoing demographic crisis, its engagement with foreign workers is also inevitable. After-Development Dynamics explores how Korea is responding through regional integration, strategic industrial upgrading of exports, foreign markets and resources, and coping with migrants, including unskilled workers, students, and professionals. The transfer of Korean business and employment practices through investment to other countries and accommodating foreigners is not trouble-free. Further, prosperity imposes demands for increased social welfare, while the workings of contemporary global capitalism introduce new sources of inequality. Sharing that prosperity with small firms, irregular workers, and women becomes critical. This volume presents the key internal challenges facing Korean society and suggests multiple ways to address them as a related response to Korea's after-development prosperity.

The Institutional Dynamics of China's Great Transformation

Xiaoming Huang
The Institutional Dynamics of China s Great Transformation Book PDF

Author : Xiaoming Huang
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2010-11-30
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781136866531

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The Institutional Dynamics of China's Great Transformation by Xiaoming Huang Pdf

This book examines the role of institutions in China’s recent large-scale economic, social and political transformation. The book argues that, although the importance of institutions in China’s rapid economic growth and social development over the past 30 years is widely acknowledged, exactly how institutions affect changes in particular national and historical settings is less well understood. Unlike existing literature, it offers perspectives from a variety of disciplines - including law, economics, politics, international relations and communication studies – to consider whether institutions form, evolve and change differently according to their historical or cultural environments and if their utilitarian functions can, and should be, observed, identified and measured in different ways. The book discusses China’s political and legal institutions; the international institutions with which China engages; institutions promoting science and technology; media companies; and local institutions including the household registration system. It also examines how institutions themselves have been formed, changed and re-formed over recent decades, and suggests theoretical and methodological adjustments in institutional analysis to allow a fuller understanding of the institutional dynamics of China’s transformation.

An Introduction to Financial and Economic Modeling for Ultity Regulators

Antonio Estache
An Introduction to Financial and Economic Modeling for Ultity Regulators Book PDF

Author : Antonio Estache
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Electric utilities
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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An Introduction to Financial and Economic Modeling for Ultity Regulators by Antonio Estache Pdf

The most effective regulators in developing countries are following remarkably similar approaches. The main common element across "best practice" countries is the use of relatively simple quantitative models of operators' behavior and constraints to measure the impact of regulatory decisions on some key financial and economic indicators of concern to the operators, the users, and the government. The authors provide an introduction to the design and use of these models. They draw on lessons from international experience in industrial and developing countries in ordinary or extraordinary revisions and in the context of contract renegotiations. Simplifying somewhat, these models force regulators to recognize that, in the long run, private operators need to at least cover their opportunity cost of capital, including the various types of risks specific to the country, the sector, or the projects with which they are involved. Because these variables change over time, scheduled revisions are needed to allow for adjustments in the key determinants of the rate of return of the operator. These revisions are a recognition of the fact that all these determinants-tariffs, subsidies, quality, investments, and other service obligations-are interrelated and jointly determine the rate of return. At every revision, the rules of the game for the regulator are exactly the same: to figure out the changes in the cost of capital and to adjust the variables driving the rate of return to ensure that it continues to be consistent with the cost of capital. If they can draw on reasonable data, these models do everything any financial model would do for the day-to-day management of a company but take a longer term view and include an explicit identification of the key regulatory instruments. They can monitor the consistency between cash flow generated by the business on the one hand and debt service and operational expense needs on the other to address the main concerns of the operators. They can also account for a large number of key policy factors including access and affordability concerns for various types of consumers. They generally account for the sensitivity of operators and users to various regulatory design options.

Production Networks in Southeast Asia

Lili Yan Ing,Fukunari Kimura
Production Networks in Southeast Asia Book PDF

Author : Lili Yan Ing,Fukunari Kimura
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 371 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2017-02-03
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781315406763

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Production Networks in Southeast Asia by Lili Yan Ing,Fukunari Kimura Pdf

This book answers the recently topical questions of how China’s processed trade affects the trade of Southeast Asia. What is Southeast Asia’s role in Factory Asia, the region’s complex of cross-border supply chains? What is Southeast Asia’s involvement in building or joining production networks in the region? And, most important, how can Southeast Asia increase the value added of its products and improve its competitiveness? This book provides rigorous analysis of how trade policy affects value added, highly disaggregated at the firm and product level, of the six Southeast Asian countries – Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Viet Nam – and combines this with thorough examinations of their trade, industrial and labour policies.

Explaining Liberalization Commitments in Financial Services Trade

Ludger Schuknecht,Philipp Harms,Aaditya Mattoo
Explaining Liberalization Commitments in Financial Services Trade Book PDF

Author : Ludger Schuknecht,Philipp Harms,Aaditya Mattoo
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 48 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Financial services industry
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Explaining Liberalization Commitments in Financial Services Trade by Ludger Schuknecht,Philipp Harms,Aaditya Mattoo Pdf

The authors examine the determinants of market access commitments in international financial services trade in the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). Based on a theoretical model, they investigate empirically the role of domestic political economy forces, international bargaining considerations, and the state of complementary policy. The empirical results confirm the relevance of the authors' model in explaining banking and (to a somewhat lesser degree) securities services liberalization commitments. The findings imply that those who seek greater access to developing country markets for financial services must do more to counter protectionism at home in areas of export interest for developing countries.

Vouchers for Basic Education in Developing Countries

Ayesha Vawda,Varun Gauri
Vouchers for Basic Education in Developing Countries Book PDF

Author : Ayesha Vawda,Varun Gauri
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Educational vouchers
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Vouchers for Basic Education in Developing Countries by Ayesha Vawda,Varun Gauri Pdf

Voucher programs consist of three simultaneous reforms: (1) allowing parents to choose schools, (2) creating intense incentives for schools to increase enrollment, and (3) granting schools management autonomy to respond to demand. As a result, voucher advocates and critics tend to talk past each other. A principal-agent framework clarifies the argument for education vouchers. Central findings from the literature, including issues related to variance in the performance measure, risk aversion, the productivity of more effort, multiple tasks, and the value of monitoring are found relevant for an analysis of vouchers. An assessment of findings on voucher programs in industrial countries, as well as a review of voucher or quasi-voucher experiences in Bangladesh, Chile, Colombia, Côte d'Ivoire, and the Czech Republic support the usefulness of the analytic framework. Gauri and Vawda conclude that vouchers for basic education in developing countries can enhance outcomes when they are limited to modest numbers of poor students in urban settings, particularly in conjunction with existing private schools with surplus capacity. The success of more ambitious voucher programs depends on an institutional infrastructure challenging to industrial and developing countries alike. This paper--a joint product of Public Services, Development Research Group, and the Education Team, Human Development Network--is a background paper for the 2004 World Development Report.

The Investment Climate and the Firm

Mary Hallward-Driemeier,Scott J. Wallsten,Lixin Colin Xu
The Investment Climate and the Firm Book PDF

Author : Mary Hallward-Driemeier,Scott J. Wallsten,Lixin Colin Xu
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 56 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Business enterprises
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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The Investment Climate and the Firm by Mary Hallward-Driemeier,Scott J. Wallsten,Lixin Colin Xu Pdf

The importance of a country's "investment climate" for economic growth has recently received much attention. Hallward-Driemeier, Wallsten, and Xu address the general lack of appropriate data for measuring the investment climate and its effects. The authors use a new survey of 1,500 Chinese enterprises in five cities to more precisely define and measure components of the investment climate, highlight the importance of firm-level data for rigorous analysis of the investment climate, and investigate empirically the effects of this comprehensive set of measures on firm performance in China. Overall, their firm-level analysis reveals that the main determinants of firm performance in China are international integration, entry and exit, labor market issues, technology use, and access to external finance. This paper--a product of Investment Climate, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the investment climate using firm-level datasets.

Vulnerability in Consumption, Education, and Health

Edmundo Murrugarra,Jose Signoret
Vulnerability in Consumption Education and Health Book PDF

Author : Edmundo Murrugarra,Jose Signoret
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 52 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Consumption (Economics)
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Vulnerability in Consumption, Education, and Health by Edmundo Murrugarra,Jose Signoret Pdf

The authors analyze the widespread effects of the financial crisis in Russia to explore the vulnerabilities of households in Moldova. They show that the crisis had differential impacts on households, affecting most the urban and better-off. Households' decisions about education and health resulted in decreased utilization and expenditures. The enrollment of young children from better-off households did not improve while others did. Secondary school enrollment of children from better-off households decreased after the crisis, in part because of the need to release labor supply. Health utilization decreased mainly for primary health care (not for hospitals), both for better-off households and in rural areas. Some of these changes are due to limited household resources (health), decreased public spending (health and education) or the need to increase households' labor supply (education of teenagers). Social benefits played a very limited role in mitigating these effects, solely in health care use. Households' assets helped to offset some of the negative effects of declining incomes.

Renegotiation of Concession Contracts in Latin America

J. Luis Guasch,Jean-Jacques Laffont,Stephane Straub
Renegotiation of Concession Contracts in Latin America Book PDF

Author : J. Luis Guasch,Jean-Jacques Laffont,Stephane Straub
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 48 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Concessions
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Renegotiation of Concession Contracts in Latin America by J. Luis Guasch,Jean-Jacques Laffont,Stephane Straub Pdf

The authors construct a regulation model in which renegotiation occurs due to the imperfect enforcement of concession contracts. This enables the authors to provide theoretical predictions for the impact on the probability of renegotiation of a concession, regulatory institutions, institutional features, economic shocks, and the characteristics of the concession contracts. Then they use a data set of nearly 1,000 concessions awarded in Latin America and the Caribbean countries from 1989 to 2000 covering the sectors of telecommunications, energy, transport, and water to test these predictions. Finally, the authors derive some policy implications of their theoretical and empirical work.

Financial and Legal Institutions and Firm Size

Thorsten Beck,Vojislav Maksimovi?,Asl? Demirgüç-Kunt
Financial and Legal Institutions and Firm Size Book PDF

Author : Thorsten Beck,Vojislav Maksimovi?,Asl? Demirgüç-Kunt
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 52 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Big business
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Financial and Legal Institutions and Firm Size by Thorsten Beck,Vojislav Maksimovi?,Asl? Demirgüç-Kunt Pdf

The authors investigate how a country's financial institutions and the quality of its legal system explain the size attained by its largest industrial firms in a sample of 44 countries. Firm size is positively related to the size of the banking system and the efficiency of the legal system. Thus, the authors find no evidence that firms are larger in order to internalize the functions of the banking system or to compensate for the general inefficiency of the legal system. But they do find evidence that externally financed firms are smaller in countries that have strong creditor rights and efficient legal systems. This suggests that firms in countries with weak creditor protections are larger in order to internalize the protection of capital investment.