Economic Aspects Of Aids And Hiv Infection

Author : Detlef Schwefel,Reiner Leidl,Joan Rovira,Michael F. Drummond
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 340 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783642840890

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Economic Aspects of AIDS and HIV Infection by Detlef Schwefel,Reiner Leidl,Joan Rovira,Michael F. Drummond Pdf

From the early days of its recognized occurrence, AIDS has been per ceived as posing tremendous threats, burdens and challenges to human beings. Individuals, societies and, in a global point of view, mankind are affected by the effects of the HN infection, the nature and extent of which is still unclear in many ways. In the beginning only biomedical and epidemiological analyses of the problem were the top research priori ties, the former laden with great hopes that it may soon be possible to stop the spread of the disease and to overcome its physical impact. Yet it soon became clear that AIDS would be something to be reckoned and coped with on a long-term basis, making a thorough investigation of its impact absolutely mandatory. AIDS has serious economic consequences. Taken seriously, they can not be confined to predictions of costs intended to support the AIDS issue in the struggle for resources. Besides cost calculations - a method ologically tricky and wide-ranging topic in itself -and their application to cost-effectiveness and other analyses, economic issues include identify ing and assessing patterns of care, analyzing problems of financing, exploring impacts on markets other than health care, and modelling scenarios for future developments and strategies. At present, the eco nomic aspects of AIDS still constitute a very recent topic in European health economics and health systems research. Many projects are just about to start, and there must be a better exchange of information between research groups.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 364 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 1990
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:476040119

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Economic Aspects of AIDS and HIV Infection by Anonim Pdf

AIDS has serious economic consequences. Taken seriously, they cannot be confined to predictions of costs intended to support the AIDS issue in the struggle for resources. Besides cost calculations - a methodologically tricky and wide-ranging topic in itself - and their application to costeffectiveness and other analyses, economic issues include identifying and assessing patterns of care, analyzing problems of financing, exploring impacts on markets other than health care, and modelling scenarios for future developments and strategies. At present, the economic aspects of AIDS still constitute a very recent topic in European health economics and health systems research. On behalf of the Concerted Action Committee (COMAC) on Health Services Research, the GSF-Institut fuer Medizinische Informatik und Systemforschung convened an international conference in Munich, March 1989. The focus of the COMAC conference and of this book is on the exploration of economic aspects, on empirical approaches, on case studies, and, last but not least, on modelling techniques for economic scenarios.

Author : Deborah Johnston
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2013-05-29
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781135035815

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Economics and HIV by Deborah Johnston Pdf

This book explains how, and why, economics has been applied to a terrible pandemic, using a range of examples mostly drawn from the region most affected, sub-Saharan Africa. Part I shows that microeconomic approaches have found fertile ground in a public health approach that ‘blames’ individual choices for HIV transmission. Despite their attractiveness, however, these approaches fail to explain contemporary patterns of HIV prevalence, illustrating the importance of factors that are excluded from the standard micro-economic approach. Part II of the book looks at our problems in understanding the economic impact of AIDS, and explains why economists cannot agree if epidemic disease is a good or bad thing for economic development. In both sections of the book, the potential for alternative approaches is shown, and the book ends by arguing that a political economy approach can bring meaningful insights to our understanding of the spread and impact of HIV/AIDS.

Author : Michel Caraël,Judith Glynn
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 270 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2008-08-12
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781402061738

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HIV, Resurgent Infections and Population Change in Africa by Michel Caraël,Judith Glynn Pdf

Forty years ago, the age-old battle against infectious diseases as a major threat to human health was believed close to being won. However, by the late twentieth century, the increase of emerging and reemerging infectious diseases was evident in both low and high income countries. About 30 new infectious diseases have been identified in the last 20 years. Among the "new" diseases, and most importantly, the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) epidemic, with 40 million persons infected and 25 million deaths since its first description, presents one of the most significant health, societal and security challenges facing the global community. The interaction of HIV/AIDS with tuberculosis, malaria and bacterial infections have increased HIV-related morbidity and mortality, and in turn, the HIV pandemic has brought about devastating increases in tuberculosis. Understanding the population impact and the dynamics of infection diseases in the most affected region is critical to efforts to reduce the morbidity and mortality of such infections, and for decisions on where to use limited resources in the fight against infections. This book aims to contribute to these efforts by offering a demographic and epidemiological perspective on emerging and reemerging infections in sub-Saharan Africa.

Author : Lynn R. Brown
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 44 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780896296220

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The Potential Impact of AIDS on Population and Economic Growth Rates by Lynn R. Brown Pdf

Author : Deborah Johnston,Kevin Deane,Matteo Rizzo
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 354 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2018-10-18
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781351725736

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The Political Economy of HIV in Africa by Deborah Johnston,Kevin Deane,Matteo Rizzo Pdf

Biomedical revolutions seem to have radically altered the environment for HIV transmission: anti-retrovirals (ARVs) and drugs to reduce mother-to-child transmission promise to cut HIV transmission rates, as does male medical circumcision. However, the hopeful messages of UNAIDS are tempered with warning about expenditure shortfalls and calls for funding. Contributions to this book remind us that, along with the external financial constraints, there have been new fractures in state power and in the organisation of health systems. More than this, the book fundamentally calls into question whether biomedical interventions can change the social roots of this disease. As well as considering new policy approaches, the book reasserts a long-standing political economy approach to HIV and to adapt it to reflect new competing theoretical approaches. The chapters attempt to connect the debates about HIV/AIDS to larger discussions about globalisation, class differentiation, inequity and uneven development in African countries. This book was originally published as a special issue of Review of African Political Economy.

Author : Markus Haacker
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2016-09-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780191084195

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The Economics of the Global Response to HIV/AIDS by Markus Haacker Pdf

The global response to HIV/AIDS has been a major aspect of global health and development policy over the last three decades. The book illustrates the devastating health impacts of the epidemic, with life expectancy in some countries falling to the lowest levels observed anywhere, and the remarkable success of the global HIV/AIDS response in reversing such extreme outcomes. Concerns about the implications of HIV/AIDS for economic development have played a role in motivating the global HIV/AIDS response. However, evidence on the impacts of HIV/AIDS on economic growth or poverty is weak, and the magnitude and relevance of such economic effects appears trivial compared to the consequences for life and health. Because of the success in extending access to treatment globally, HIV/AIDS has effectively transitioned into a chronic disease. This means that HIV/AIDS absorbs not only a substantial chunk of current global and national financial resources, but that these spending needs are projected to persist over decades. The costs of the HIV/AIDS response thus resemble a long-term financial liability, shaped by past and current policies. Relatedly, the calculus of cost-effectiveness of HIV/AIDS interventions has changed. People who become infected with HIV can now expect to not die because of AIDS; at the same time, each HIV infection results in medical needs and expenditures extending over decades. The book presents a framework for integrating these financial consequences and the transmission dynamics of HIV in the analysis of cost-effectiveness of HIV/AIDS interventions and in the design of HIV/AIDS programs.

Author : David E. Bloom,Peter Godwin
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Social Science
ISBN : UOM:39015042145733

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The Economics of HIV and AIDS by David E. Bloom,Peter Godwin Pdf

This book fills an important gap by identifying the economic roots of HIV and AIDS in South and South East Asia. The Economics of HIV and AIDS contains case studies from India, Sri Lanka and Thailand. Four of these are based on primary data and are original. Each uses common economic concepts to assess the costs of HIV and AIDS and explores the impact of HIV and AIDS on economic growth, and the economic roots of the two diseases. This book provides a new perspective on the economic impact of the HIV and AIDS epidemic by emphasizing the class differentials both in the vulnerability of social groups and their access to services.

Author : M. F. Drummond,Linda Davies
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 166 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : AIDS (Disease)
ISBN : STANFORD:36105043364806

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AIDS by M. F. Drummond,Linda Davies Pdf

This book is based on papers presented at a World Health Organisation Meeting on the Economic Aspects of AIDS in Europe, held in Tewkesbury (UK) from 5-7 July 1989.

Author : National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Panel on Data and Research Priorities for Arresting AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 369 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 1996-03-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309090186

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Preventing and Mitigating AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa by National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Panel on Data and Research Priorities for Arresting AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa Pdf

The AIDS epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa continues to affect all facets of life throughout the subcontinent. Deaths related to AIDS have driven down the life expectancy rate of residents in Zambia, Kenya, and Uganda with far-reaching implications. This book details the current state of the AIDS epidemic in Africa and what is known about the behaviors that contribute to the transmission of the HIV infection. It lays out what research is needed and what is necessary to design more effective prevention programs.

Author : David A. Robalino,Carol Jenkins,Karim El Maroufi
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 40 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : AIDS (Disease)
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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The Risks and Macroeconomic Impact of HIV/AIDS in the Middle East and North Africa by David A. Robalino,Carol Jenkins,Karim El Maroufi Pdf

Robalino, Jenkins, and El Maroufi develop a model of optimal growth to assess the risks of an HIV/AIDS epidemic and the expected economic impact in nine countries in the Middle East and North Africa region--Algeria, Djibouti, Egypt, Iran, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Tunisia, and Yemen. The model incorporates an HIV/AIDS diffusion component based on two transmission factors--sexual intercourse and exchange of infected needles among intravenous drug users. Given high levels of uncertainty on the model parameters that determine the dynamics of the epidemic and its economic impact, the authors explore large regions of the parameter space. The prevalence rates in year 2015 would be below 1 percent in 16 percent of the cases, while they would be above 3 percent in 50 percent of the cases. On average, GDP losses across countries for 2000-2025 could approximate 35 percent of today's GDP. In all countries it is possible to observe scenarios where losses surpass today's GDP. The authors quantify the impact of expanding condom use and access to clean needles for intravenous drug users. They show that these interventions act as an insurance policy that increases social welfare. They also show that delaying action for five years can cost, on average, the equivalent of six percentage points of today's GDP. This paper--a product of the Human Development Group, Middle East and North Africa Region--is part of a larger effort in the region to raise awareness about the social and economic cost of HIV/AIDS. David Robalino may be contacted at [email protected].

Author : Nana K. Poku
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 258 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2017-07-05
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781351884006

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The Political Economy of AIDS in Africa by Nana K. Poku Pdf

Sub-Saharan Africa is a region devastated by HIV/AIDS. The extent of the epidemic is only now becoming clear, as increasing numbers of people with HIV are becoming ill. In the absence of massively expanded prevention, treatment and care efforts, the AIDS death toll on the continent is set to escalate rapidly. Despite progress being achieved in localized settings, the alarming statistics reflect the continuing failure of advanced countries to mount a response that matches the scale and severity of the African HIV/AIDS crisis. Over and above the colossal personal suffering, the dire social and economic consequences for fragile nation-states are already being felt, not only in health but in education, industry, agriculture, transport, human resources and economies in general. Countries already crippled by drought, poverty, debt, forced migration and civil war must now contend with massive deterioration in child survival rates and life expectancy, the erosion of the economic family base, massive and insupportable demands on health and public services, chronic labour shortages and volatile national security. Through a critical and detailed exploration of specific case studies, this invaluable volume brings together an unparalleled array of international contributors to redefine the political and economic contours of this calamitous epidemic. It examines the impact of the shortfalls in the 'Global Fund' allocation, the slow pace of administrative processing of aid and the weaknesses of institutional responses to the crisis from African countries and their partners in the global health community. It is essential reading for all concerned with public health, epidemiology, HIV/AIDS research, globalization, development, Africa and indeed our shared future. Features include: ” Unique assessments of HIV/AIDS and its impact on democracy and governance in African states ” Wide-ranging regional and country studies by the foremost thinkers in their fields ” Multi-disciplinary contributions from areas including: Politics, Sociology, Public Health and Development Studies ” Compelling and convincing evidence, thematic in approach ” Innovative and culturally specific insights for long-term planning, care and support

Author : Mr.Markus Haacker
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2004-11-19
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 1589063600

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The Macroeconomics of HIV/AIDS by Mr.Markus Haacker Pdf

This paper analyzes the macroeconomics of HIV/AIDS. The paper highlights that the mortality and morbidity associated with AIDS make it unlike most other types of sickness and disease. The paper describes the most common approaches used in accounting for growth in the context of an HIV/AIDS epidemic. The impact of HIV/AIDS on education and the accumulation of human capital is discussed. The paper also discusses the impact of HIV/AIDS on the public sector, and elaborates certain demographic events specific to the HIV/AIDS pandemic.

Author : Rene Loewenson,Alan Whiteside
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 124 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Medical
ISBN : STANFORD:36105112602888

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Social and Economic Issues of HIV/AIDS in Southern Africa by Rene Loewenson,Alan Whiteside Pdf

Author : Jose Catalan,Barbara Hedge,Lorraine Sherr
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 1997-05-22
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9057020408

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The Impact of AIDS: Psychological and Social Aspects of HIV Infection, 3rd Edition by Jose Catalan,Barbara Hedge,Lorraine Sherr Pdf

This volume contains a selection of key contributions to the discussion on the psychological and social implications on HIV infection. It contains up-to-date and authoritative papers by senior practitioners and researchers in the field of the psychological and social aspects of HIV infection. The book will appeal to those involved in providing care for people with HIV infections, be they physicians and nurses or psychologists, social workers and psychiatrists, as well as those involved in preventing the spread of the HIV infection. From the start of the HIV epidemic, the psychological and social aspects of the AIDS infection have been recognized. What could have been regarded simply as an infectious disease was soon acknowledged as a global problem that raised important issues about its transmission and prevention; economic, ethical and legal questions regarding the mental health consequences and the need for access to medical and social care.