Economic Growth In Middle Income Countries

Author : Naoyuki Yoshino,Peter J. Morgan,Bihong Huang,Guanghua Wan
Publisher : Asian Development Bank
Page : 416 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2017-12-26
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 4899740794

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Avoiding the Middle-Income Trap in Asia by Naoyuki Yoshino,Peter J. Morgan,Bihong Huang,Guanghua Wan Pdf

Since many policymakers aspire to pull their countries out of the middle-income trap and into the ranks of high-income countries, they must understand the factors that hinder or support the transition. This book defines the middle-income trap and examines the roles of manufacturing, finance, and trade openness in achieving sustainable development. The book also explores the role of government policy in fostering growth in the People's Republic of China. A common theme is that such policies may have unforeseen side effects that undermine their effectiveness, including how the hukou registration system and land-use policy control the pace of urbanization.

Author : Shahid Yusuf,Breda Griffith,Rwitwika Bhattacharya
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 317 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2011-09-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780821387856

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Frontiers in Development Policy by Shahid Yusuf,Breda Griffith,Rwitwika Bhattacharya Pdf

The global crisis of 2008-09 has brought to the forefront a plethora of economic and political policy issues. There is a re-opening of discussion on basic economic concepts, appropriate framework for analysis, role of private and public sectors in the economy, structural transformation of economies, human development and managing of growing risks and crises. The purpose of this book has been to bring home the inter-linkages in various parts of the economy and the need for practical policy making to reach development goals while being aware of the instabilities, complexities and downside risks inherent in the nature of a an economy operating in a globalized world. Thematically, this book focuses on two core types of policy: policies that promote strong, sustainable and inclusive growth in low income and middle income developing countries and new and emerging policies that necessitates a discussion amongst policy makers and practitioners. Throughout the book, the authors provide insight in to the different types of policy approaches that can be taken to help the economy grow. Ultimately the book looks to foster discussion amongst policy makers on growth and development.

Author : José Antonio Alonso,José Antonio Ocampo
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2020-10-22
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780192594242

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Trapped in the Middle? by José Antonio Alonso,José Antonio Ocampo Pdf

There is growing evidence that overcoming the low-income threshold and reaching middle-income status is not sufficient for countries to converge toward high-income levels. Few middle-income countries have successfully completed that transit in recent decades, with the majority remaining in the middle-income group, and so facing what has come to be called "the middle-income trap". It is therefore essential to explore whether middle-income traps really exist and, if they do, how these pitfalls are manifested, what their causes are, what economic policy measures are required to escape from them, and what international cooperation can do to support this process. Trapped in the Middle? brings together diverse perspectives on these important questions, providing new evidence and analytical approaches to enrich the debate on the domestic and international challenges faced by a significant number of middle-income countries, in which over three-quarters of the global population live.

Author : Aidar Abdychev,La-Bhus Fah Jirasavetakul,Mr.Andrew W Jonelis,Mr.Lamin Leigh,Ashwin Moheeput,Friska Parulian,Ara Stepanyan,Albert Touna Mama
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 29 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2015-01-13
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484328439

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Increasing Productivity Growth in Middle Income Countries by Aidar Abdychev,La-Bhus Fah Jirasavetakul,Mr.Andrew W Jonelis,Mr.Lamin Leigh,Ashwin Moheeput,Friska Parulian,Ara Stepanyan,Albert Touna Mama Pdf

Many small middle-income countries (SMICs) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have experienced a moderation in growth in recent years. Although factor accumulation, most notably capital deepening, was crucial to the success of many SMICs historically, this growth model appears to have run its course. The analysis in this paper suggests that the decline in the contribution of total factor productivity (TFP) to growth is largely responsible for the slowdown in trend growth in many SMICs, which highlights the need for policy actions to reinvigorate productivity growth. This paper explores the question of what kind of structural policies could boost productivity growth in SMICs and the political economy factors that may be contributing to the slow implementation of these critical reforms in these countries. The findings suggest that although macroeconomic stability and trade openness are necessary for productivity growth, they are not sufficient. SMICs need to improve the quality of their public spending, most notably in education to minimize the skill mismatch in the labor market, reduce the regulatory burden on firms, improve access to finance by small and medium-sized enterprises and create the enabling environment to facilitate structural transformation in these economies.

Author : Mr.Shekhar Aiyar,Mr.Romain A Duval,Mr.Damien Puy,Mr.Yiqun Wu,Ms.Longmei Zhang
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 64 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2013-03-20
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484330647

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Growth Slowdowns and the Middle-Income Trap by Mr.Shekhar Aiyar,Mr.Romain A Duval,Mr.Damien Puy,Mr.Yiqun Wu,Ms.Longmei Zhang Pdf

The “middle-income trap” is the phenomenon of hitherto rapidly growing economies stagnating at middle-income levels and failing to graduate into the ranks of high-income countries. In this study we examine the middle-income trap as a special case of growth slowdowns, which are identified as large sudden and sustained deviations from the growth path predicted by a basic conditional convergence framework. We then examine their determinants by means of probit regressions, looking into the role of institutions, demography, infrastructure, the macroeconomic environment, output structure and trade structure. Two variants of Bayesian Model Averaging are used as robustness checks. The results—including some that indeed speak to the special status of middle-income countries—are then used to derive policy implications, with a particular focus on Asian economies.

Author : Manuel Agosin
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2023-10
Category : Developing countries
ISBN : 1032366052

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Economic Growth in Middle-income Countries by Manuel Agosin Pdf

"This book develops a theoretical framework unlike the conventional neoclassical paradigm for the analysis of growth and deploys analytical data to understand the main policy issues affecting developing countries, with particular attention to countries which, after having a spurt of growth, have been unable to maintain the momentum of their economies. One of the guiding ideas of the book is that each one of these countries has its own middle-income trap. The book focuses the discussion on growth and development around the specific characteristics of these countries and the constraints they face to achieve rapid growth. The book offers the building blocks for an integrated approach to development economics from the perspective of developing economies themselves. It looks at real-life constraints to growth and development, such as institutions, access to financing, macroeconomic policies, the role of foreign direct investment, the pros and cons of trade and financial opening to the rest of the world, education and health issues, sustainable development in a world experiencing global warming, productive development policies, income distribution, and poverty. Further, it offers simple growth models that go beyond the conventional neoclassical model to help the reader understand the unique challenges facing developing countries. While recognizing that growth is necessary to achieve development, the book argues that there are other variables that can be just as important to wellbeing and pays close attention to issues such as health, education, and political freedom. The book summarizes the issues that are crucial for countries to be able to accelerate their growth rates and to achieve development and makes a theoretical contribution to the study of economic development, particularly growth models appropriate to middle-income countries. Thus, it will be a useful guide for researchers and academics in the field of development economics and other social sciences dealing with developing countries"--

Author : Shigesaburo Kabe,Ryuichi Ushiyama,Takuji Kinkyo,Shigeyuki Hamori
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 268 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2016-03-07
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789814725187

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Moving Up The Ladder: Development Challenges For Low And Middle-income Asia by Shigesaburo Kabe,Ryuichi Ushiyama,Takuji Kinkyo,Shigeyuki Hamori Pdf

Besides export expansion, a growing middle class in Asia has contributed to the area's economic expansion, providing Asian countries with a window of opportunity to leap from low/middle income levels to high income levels. It may sound easy for these countries to run up the ladder of economic growth, but the potential risks of quickly shifting from low/middle to high income levels are often overlooked. Careful studies in history reveal that the experience of moving up the ladder of economic growth has varied among countries.This book explores (1) the current state of Asian economies and 2) the conditions or policy counter-measures that lead to higher income levels under changing external circumstances. This is illustrated through case studies on five Asian economies, with emphasis on their structural problems. It also aims to paint a comprehensive picture of necessary policies, which will encourage Asian countries to move up the ladder of growth.

Author : Francis E. Hutchinson,Sanchita Basu Das
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 230 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2016-07-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781317388678

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Asia and the Middle-Income Trap by Francis E. Hutchinson,Sanchita Basu Das Pdf

The term ‘Middle-Income Trap’ refers to countries which stagnate economically after reaching a certain level of per capita income on the basis of labour- and capital-intensive growth, and are struggling to transition towards more skill-intensive and technology-driven development. It has resonance for the increasing number of countries in Asia who have either languished in middle-income status for extended periods of time, or are worried about growth slow-downs. This book sets outs the conceptual underpinnings of the Middle-Income Trap and explores the various ways it can be defined. It also focuses on the debate surrounding the Middle-Income Trap which questions the appropriate institutional and policy settings for middle-income countries to enable them to continue past the easy phase of economic growth. The book engages with this debate by investigating the role of institutions, human capital, and trade policy in helping countries increase their income levels and by highlighting factors which enable the shift to higher and qualitatively better growth. It questions how the large emerging economies in Asia such as China, Indonesia, and India are currently grappling with the challenges of transitioning from labour-intensive to technology- and knowledge-intensive production, and discusses what can be learnt from the countries that have been able to escape the trap to attain high-income status. Providing a conceptual framework for the Middle-Income Trap, this book will be of interest to students and scholars of Asian Economics, Comparative Economics and Asian Studies.

Author : Mr. Lamin Leigh
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 182 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2016-01-22
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781498384261

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Africa on the Move by Mr. Lamin Leigh Pdf

This book describes the reforms needed to move small middle-income countries in sub-Saharan Africa to advanced-economy status. The result of intense discussions with public officials in the countries covered, the book blends rigorous theory, econometrics, and practitioners' insights to come up with practical recommendations for policymakers. It spans topics from macroeconomic vulnerability and reserve adequacy to labor market institutions and financial inclusion. The book is a must-read for researchers interested in the economic issues facing developing countries in sub-Saharan Africa.

Author : Shaojie Zhou,Angang Hu
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 230 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2020-10-02
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789811565403

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China: Surpassing the “Middle Income Trap” by Shaojie Zhou,Angang Hu Pdf

This open access book explores one of the most fiercely debated issues in China: if and how China will surpass the middle income trap that has plagued many developing countries for years. This book gives readers a clear picture of China today and acts as a reference for other developing countries. China is facing many setbacks and experiencing an economic slowdown in recent years due to some serious issues, and income inequality is one such issue deferring China’s development potential by creating a middle income trap. This book thoroughly investigates both the unpromising factors and favorable conditions for China to overcome the trap. It illustrates that traps may be encountered at any stage of development and argues that political stability is the prerequisite to creating a favorable environment for economic development and addressing this “middle income trap”. Written by one of China's central planners, this book offers precious insights into the industrial policies that are transforming China and the world and will be of interest to China scholars, economists and political scientists.

Author : Tatyana P. Soubbotina,Katherine Sheram
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 176 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2000-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0821348531

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Beyond Economic Growth by Tatyana P. Soubbotina,Katherine Sheram Pdf

The book, which draws on data published by the World Bank, is addressed to teachers, students, and all those interested in exploring issues of global development.

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 167 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2019-05-01
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264150348

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Under Pressure: The Squeezed Middle Class by OECD Pdf

Middle-class households feel left behind and have questioned the benefits of economic globalisation.

Author : Tatyana P. Soubbotina
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2004-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0821359339

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Beyond Economic Growth by Tatyana P. Soubbotina Pdf

What is development? How can we compare the levels of development attained by different countries? And what does it take to make development sustainable? This book offers no simple answers to these complex questions. Instead, the author encourages readers to seek their own solutions by analyzing and synthesizing information on a range of critical development issues including population growth, economic growth, poverty, education, health, trade, international aid, and the Millennium Development Goals. Drawing on data published by the World Bank, the book is addressed to young people, teachers, students, and all those interested in exploring issues of global development.

Author : Mr.Ali M. Mansoor,Salifou Issoufou,Mr.Daouda Sembene
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 430 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2018-04-04
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484303139

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Race to the Next Income Frontier by Mr.Ali M. Mansoor,Salifou Issoufou,Mr.Daouda Sembene Pdf

Through 18 chapters, this book draws on policy lessons from successful countries that have managed to overcome political economy constraints and reach upper-middle-income emerging market economy status to examine how Senegal can achieve per capita growth rates of four to five percent per year over a 20-year period, as well as lessons for other low-income countries. Contributors working in academia, civil society, and government in Senegal, as well as at the World Bank, in peer countries like Mauritius, Morocco, and Seychelles, and the International Monetary Fund, address creating a sound, balanced, and efficient fiscal framework through new revenue-raising measures, expenditure rationalization, and more efficient public investment; promoting an inclusive and deeper financial sector; relieving constraints on doing business and promoting private investment, including foreign direct investment; and achieving high, sustained, and inclusive growth. They discuss Senegal's macroeconomic environment and what it means to be an upper-middle-income emerging market economy, including the country's industrial framework, the Plan Senegal emergent growth targets, and dimensions of inclusive growth; revenue mobilization, public expenditure efficiency and rationalization, and debt sustainability; ways to make Senegal's financial system more stable, deeper, and more inclusive in the context of the West African Economic and Monetary Union; aspects of structural reform in the country and ways to implement reforms to achieve growth; and social inclusion and protection in Senegal.

Author : Richard H. Adams
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 48 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Economic development
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Economic Growth, Inequality and Poverty by Richard H. Adams Pdf