Equality And Representation

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Equality and Representation

Anthoula Malkopoulou,Lisa Hill
Equality and Representation Book PDF

Author : Anthoula Malkopoulou,Lisa Hill
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 150 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2019-05-31
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781351620505

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Equality and Representation by Anthoula Malkopoulou,Lisa Hill Pdf

This volume is primarily concerned with equality as a basic component of the democratic character of representation. In other words, of the many types of equality that have attracted the attention of theorists since democracy’s beginnings – arithmetic equality, equality before the law, equality of opportunity– we would like to draw attention to representational equality, that is, the role of equality in systems of democratic representation. In what form is equality present in traditional forms of electoral representation? How can it be secured in new forms of representation, such as claims-making, deliberative, klerotarian and epistemic representation? And to what extent are electoral or non-electoral models of representation able to accommodate increasing social inequalities? The articles in this volume discuss these issues from a normative and conceptual point of view, seeking to shed new light on the important but under-explored relationship between equality and representation. This book was originally published as a special issue of Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy.

Minority Representation and the Quest for Voting Equality

Bernard Grofman,Lisa Handley,Richard G. Niemi
Minority Representation and the Quest for Voting Equality Book PDF

Author : Bernard Grofman,Lisa Handley,Richard G. Niemi
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 1992
Category : History
ISBN : 0521477646

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Minority Representation and the Quest for Voting Equality by Bernard Grofman,Lisa Handley,Richard G. Niemi Pdf

With the passage of the Voting Rights Act in 1965, the right of minorities to register and vote was largely secured. It was soon discovered, however, that minority voting did not guarantee the election of minorities or minority-preferred candidates. Indeed, efforts by states and localities in the second half of the 1960s were aimed at denying any substantial minority representation to go along with the ability to cast ballots. Eventually congressional amendments to the Act along with the Supreme Court opinion in Thornburg v. Gingles (1986) have led to efforts to eliminate electoral laws that have the effect of diluting the minority vote, whether or not they were enacted with discriminatory intent. Controversy still surrounds the matter of minority representation, however, because of the ambiguity of certain aspects of the law and because of problems in applying it to the largely single-member district context of the 1990s. This book is the most up-to-date treatment of voting rights law and the numerous controversies surrounding minority representation. The authors have extensive, firsthand experience in both the legal battles and the scholarly examination of these issues. Based on this wealth of experience, they describe the development of the law after 1965, discuss in detail the prevailing Supreme Court interpretation of the Voting Rights Act, and examine discrepancies in federal court interpretations of subsequent actions. They also introduce the reader to technical procedures for establishing standards of representation and measuring discrimination. In the final two chapters, they consider the application of voting rights law to districting in the 1990s along with the implications of recent developments for the future of representation in America.

Equality and Representation

Anthoula Malkopoulou
Equality and Representation Book PDF

Author : Anthoula Malkopoulou
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2019
Category : Electronic books
ISBN : 1315111934

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Equality and Representation by Anthoula Malkopoulou Pdf

"This volume is primarily concerned with equality as a basic component of the democratic character of representation. In other words, of the many types of equality that have attracted the attention of theorists since democracy’s beginnings – arithmetic equality, equality before the law, equality of opportunity– we would like to draw attention to representational equality, that is, the role of equality in systems of democratic representation. In what form is equality present in traditional forms of electoral representation? How can it be secured in new forms of representation, such as claims-making, deliberative, klerotarian and epistemic representation? And to what extent are electoral or non-electoral models of representation able to accommodate increasing social inequalities? The articles in this volume discuss these issues from a normative and conceptual point of view, seeking to shed new light on the important but under-explored relationship between equality and representation. This book was originally published as a special issue of Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy. "--Provided by publisher.

The Symbolic Representation of Gender

Dr Emanuela Lombardo,Dr Petra Meier
The Symbolic Representation of Gender Book PDF

Author : Dr Emanuela Lombardo,Dr Petra Meier
Publisher : Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
Page : 225 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2014-08-28
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781472403254

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The Symbolic Representation of Gender by Dr Emanuela Lombardo,Dr Petra Meier Pdf

What is symbolic representation? Since Hanna Pitkin’s seminal The Concept of Representation, the symbolic has been the least studied dimension of political representation. Innovatively adopting a discursive approach, this book - the first full-length treatment of symbolic representation - focuses on gender issues to tackle important questions such as: What are women and men symbols of, and how is gender constructed in policy discourse? It studies what functions symbolic representation fulfils in the construction of gender, what social roles get legitimized in policy discourse, and how this affects power constellations, ultimately revealing much about the relation between symbolic, descriptive, and substantive representation. Emanuela Lombardo and Petra Meier draw on theories of symbolic representation and gender, as well as rich primary material about political debates on labour and care issues, partnership and reproductive rights, gender violence, and quotas. Using this original data, the authors show that reconsidering symbolic representation from a discursive perspective makes explicit issues of (in)equality embedded within particular constructions, as well as their consequences for political representation and gender equality. This important exploration raises relevant new questions regarding the representation of gender that form valuable contributions to the fields of political science, political theory, sociology, and gender studies.

Sizing Up the Senate

Frances E. Lee,Bruce I. Oppenheimer
Sizing Up the Senate Book PDF

Author : Frances E. Lee,Bruce I. Oppenheimer
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 1999-10
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0226470067

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Sizing Up the Senate by Frances E. Lee,Bruce I. Oppenheimer Pdf

This book raises questions about one of the key institutions of American government, the United States Senate, and should be of interest to anyone concerned with issues of representation.

Women, Power, and Political Representation

Roosmarijn de Geus,Erin Tolley,Elizabeth Goodyear-Grant,Peter John Loewen
Women Power and Political Representation Book PDF

Author : Roosmarijn de Geus,Erin Tolley,Elizabeth Goodyear-Grant,Peter John Loewen
Publisher : University of Toronto Press
Page : 214 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2021-07-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781487536466

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Women, Power, and Political Representation by Roosmarijn de Geus,Erin Tolley,Elizabeth Goodyear-Grant,Peter John Loewen Pdf

Delving into the pressing topic of gender and politics, this volume provides fresh comparative perspectives on "what works" to promote women in politics today. Inspiring and informative, Women, Power, and Political Representation offers a comprehensive overview of the role women play in contemporary politics, and pinpoints the reasons behind their underrepresentation. Discussing the challenges and opportunities women face when running for office, as well as their experiences as political leaders, this book offers a broad and thoughtful overview of the pitfalls encountered by women, from gender biases to sexual harassment, in the notoriously male dominated political arena. Featuring a range of voices that articulate a path towards women’s political advancement and equality, Women, Power, and Political Representation is an important and timely resource for scholars, students, and women working professionally in Canadian and international politics.

The Oxford Handbook of Political Representation in Liberal Democracies

Robert Rohrschneider,Jacques Thomassen
The Oxford Handbook of Political Representation in Liberal Democracies Book PDF

Author : Robert Rohrschneider,Jacques Thomassen
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 731 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2020-07-28
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780192558695

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The Oxford Handbook of Political Representation in Liberal Democracies by Robert Rohrschneider,Jacques Thomassen Pdf

The Handbook of Political Representation in Liberal Democracies offers a state-of-the-art assessment of the functioning of political representation in liberal democracies. In 34 chapters the world's leading scholars on the various aspects of political representation address eight broad themes: The concept and theories of political representation, its history and the main requisites for its development; elite orientations and behavior; descriptive representation; party government and representation; non-electoral forms of political participation and how they relate to political representation; the challenges to representative democracy originating from the growing importance of non-majoritarian institutions and social media; the rise of populism and its consequences for the functioning of representative democracy; the challenge caused by economic and political globlization: what does it mean for the functioning of political representation at the national leval and is it possible to develop institutions of representative democracy at a level above the state that meet the normative criteria of representative democracy and are supported by the people? The various chapters offer a comprehensive review of the literature on the various aspects of political representation. The main organizing principle of the Handbook is the chain of political representation, the chain connecting the interests and policy preferences of the people to public policy via political parties, parliament, and government. Most of the chapters assessing the functioning of the chain of political representation and its various links are based on original comparative political research. Comparative research on political representation and its various subfields has developed dramatically over the last decades so that even ten years ago a Handbook like this would have looked totally different.

The Inclusion Calculation

Melody E. Valdini
The Inclusion Calculation Book PDF

Author : Melody E. Valdini
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2019-08-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780190936211

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The Inclusion Calculation by Melody E. Valdini Pdf

What role do men play in women's political representation? When and why do they support more inclusivity for women in office? Given that all political parties today have men in a majority of leadership positions, male gatekeepers play a key part in women's representation. So, how are they responding to the increasing numbers of women who are seeking leadership roles in politics? In The Inclusion Calculation, Melody E. Valdini examines women's inclusion from the perspective of men in power and offers a novel approach to understanding differences in women's descriptive representation. This book argues that men facilitate women's entry into politics when women's presence promises to benefit public perception of a party, and therefore benefit male party leaders. One particularly disturbing implication of this argument is that leaders can increase the number of women in office as a quick and simple substitute for addressing real systemic failures in party organization. Valdini tests her hypotheses by looking at several political contexts around the world: the degree to which parties run more women after a corruption scandal, the number of women who are actually elected at such times, the adoption of gender quotas, and the appointment of women legislators in authoritarian regimes. Her findings suggest that we cannot yet celebrate recent increases in the number of women in office as a sign that we are nearing broad acceptance of gender equality. Further, these findings also suggest that one should question the tendency of scholars and international organizations to use women's presence in office as a measurement of good governance, as well as the tendency to encourage women to simply "lean in" to advance their careers. While it is certainly valuable to encourage women to run for office, it is equally important to understand the motivations of male power-holders. To that end, this book examines how men strategically feminize their political parties or government to retain control, demonstrating that a woman's selection as a candidate often depends on a man's perception of her value.

The Symbolic Representation of Gender

Emanuela Lombardo,Petra Meier
The Symbolic Representation of Gender Book PDF

Author : Emanuela Lombardo,Petra Meier
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 250 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2016-02-24
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781317014522

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The Symbolic Representation of Gender by Emanuela Lombardo,Petra Meier Pdf

What is symbolic representation? Since Hanna Pitkin’s seminal The Concept of Representation, the symbolic has been the least studied dimension of political representation. Innovatively adopting a discursive approach, this book - the first full-length treatment of symbolic representation - focuses on gender issues to tackle important questions such as: What are women and men symbols of, and how is gender constructed in policy discourse? It studies what functions symbolic representation fulfils in the construction of gender, what social roles get legitimized in policy discourse, and how this affects power constellations, ultimately revealing much about the relation between symbolic, descriptive, and substantive representation. Emanuela Lombardo and Petra Meier draw on theories of symbolic representation and gender, as well as rich primary material about political debates on labour and care issues, partnership and reproductive rights, gender violence, and quotas. Using this original data, the authors show that reconsidering symbolic representation from a discursive perspective makes explicit issues of (in)equality embedded within particular constructions, as well as their consequences for political representation and gender equality. This important exploration raises relevant new questions regarding the representation of gender that form valuable contributions to the fields of political science, political theory, sociology, and gender studies.

Stalled

Linda Trimble,Jane Arscott,Manon Tremblay
Stalled Book PDF

Author : Linda Trimble,Jane Arscott,Manon Tremblay
Publisher : UBC Press
Page : 362 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2013-05-31
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780774825221

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Stalled by Linda Trimble,Jane Arscott,Manon Tremblay Pdf

Following significant increases in women’s electoral representation in the 1980s and 90s, progress has stalled. Today, there are only a few more women in Canada’s parliament and legislatures than a decade ago. What has happened to the representational gains for women and why does gender parity remain so elusive? To answer these questions, Stalled provides a detailed roadmap of women’s political representation as candidates, office-holders, cabinet ministers, party leaders, and as representatives of the Crown at all levels of government across Canada. Comprehensive and accessible, this volume makes clear that women are far from achieving equality in sites of formal political power.

Equality and Power in Schools

Anne Lodge,Kathleen Lynch
Equality and Power in Schools Book PDF

Author : Anne Lodge,Kathleen Lynch
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2004-11-23
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781134497041

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Equality and Power in Schools by Anne Lodge,Kathleen Lynch Pdf

Based on a study of 12 schools over a two-year period, this book explores issues of equality and power both in the classroom and in the staffroom. Through classroom observation, interviews with pupils and staff, focus groups and questionnaires, the authors examine classroom practice, grouping and streaming, peer group relations and attitudes to power relationships both between pupils and teachers, and amongst teachers themselves. They also look particularly at the different experiences of pupils in single sex and co-educational schools. The authors' findings offer an insight into the way schools operate in terms of social class, gender, religion and ethnicity, and raise fundamental questions about the use and abuse of power in schools and how this affects the lives of pupils and staff. This book will be of interest to those studying education, sociology, gender studies and women's studies, and to policy makers and teachers in senior management roles.

Women's Political Participation and Representation in Asia

Kazuki Iwanaga
Women s Political Participation and Representation in Asia Book PDF

Author : Kazuki Iwanaga
Publisher : NIAS Press
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : History
ISBN : 9788776940164

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Women's Political Participation and Representation in Asia by Kazuki Iwanaga Pdf

The ability of a small elite of highly educated, upper-class Asian women to obtain the highest political positions in their country is unmatched elsewhere in the world and deserves study. But there is a marked lack of relevant research as well as of comprehensive and user-friendly texts. Aiming to fill the gap is this timely and important study of the various obstacles and opportunities for women's political participation and representation in Asia.

Women and Political Representation in Canada

Caroline Andrew,Manon Tremblay
Women and Political Representation in Canada Book PDF

Author : Caroline Andrew,Manon Tremblay
Publisher : University of Ottawa Press
Page : 377 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780776604510

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Women and Political Representation in Canada by Caroline Andrew,Manon Tremblay Pdf

This collection of essays explores the often antagonistic relationship between women and political life in Canada. While women make up little over half of the total population in Canada, they are in many ways conspicuous by their absence from the Canadian political scene. Published in English.

Gender and Representation in Latin America

Leslie A. Schwindt-Bayer
Gender and Representation in Latin America Book PDF

Author : Leslie A. Schwindt-Bayer
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2018-01-04
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780190851255

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Gender and Representation in Latin America by Leslie A. Schwindt-Bayer Pdf

In the past thirty years, women's representation and gender equality has developed unevenly in Latin America. Some countries have experienced large increases in gender equality in political offices, whereas others have not, and even within countries, some political arenas have become more gender equal whereas others continue to exude intense gender inequality. These patterns are inconsistent with explanations of social and cultural improvements in gender equality leading to improved gender equality in political office. Gender and Representation in Latin America argues instead that gender inequality in political representation in Latin America is rooted in institutions and the democratic challenges and political crises facing Latin American countries and that these challenges matter for the number of women and men elected to office, what they do once there, how much power they gain access to, and how their presence and actions influence democracy and society more broadly. The book draws upon the expertise of top scholars of women, gender, and political institutions in Latin America to analyze the institutional and contextual causes and consequences of women's representation in Latin America. It does this in part 1 with chapters that analyze gender and political representation regionwide in each of five different "arenas of representation"-the presidency, cabinets, national legislatures, political parties, and subnational governments. In part 2, it provides chapters that analyze gender and representation in each of seven different countries-Argentina, Chile, Costa Rica, Uruguay, Mexico, Brazil, and Colombia. The authors bring novel insights and impressive new data to their analyses, helping to make this one of the most comprehensive books on gender and political representation in Latin America today.

State Feminism and Political Representation

Joni Lovenduski
State Feminism and Political Representation Book PDF

Author : Joni Lovenduski
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 344 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2005-11-24
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 1139446762

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State Feminism and Political Representation by Joni Lovenduski Pdf

How can women maximise their political influence? Does state feminism enhance the political representation of women? Should feminism be established in state institutions to treat women's concerns? Written by experts in the field, this 2005 book uses an innovative model of political influence to construct answers to these and other questions in the long-running debate over the political representation of women. The book assesses how states respond to women's demands for political representation both in terms of their inclusion as actors and the consideration of their interests in the decision making process. Debates on the issue vary from country to country, depending on institutional structures, women's movements and other factors, and this book offered the first comparative account of the subject. The authors analyse eleven democracies in Europe and North America and present comprehensive research from the 1960s to the present.