Expertise A Philosophical Introduction

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Expertise: A Philosophical Introduction

Jamie Carlin Watson
Expertise A Philosophical Introduction Book PDF

Author : Jamie Carlin Watson
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2020-09-03
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781350083868

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Expertise: A Philosophical Introduction by Jamie Carlin Watson Pdf

What does it mean to be an expert? What sort of authority do experts really have? And what role should they play in today's society? Addressing why ever larger segments of society are skeptical of what experts say, Expertise: A Philosophical Introduction reviews contemporary philosophical debates and introduces what an account of expertise needs to accomplish in order to be believed. Drawing on research from philosophers and sociologists, chapters explore widely held accounts of expertise and uncover their limitations, outlining a set of conceptual criteria a successful account of expertise should meet. By providing suggestions for how a philosophy of expertise can inform practical disciplines such as politics, religion, and applied ethics, this timely introduction to a topic of pressing importance reveals what philosophical thinking about expertise can contribute to growing concerns about experts in the 21st century.

A History and Philosophy of Expertise

Jamie Carlin Watson
A History and Philosophy of Expertise Book PDF

Author : Jamie Carlin Watson
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 289 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2021-11-18
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781350216495

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A History and Philosophy of Expertise by Jamie Carlin Watson Pdf

In this comprehensive tour of the long history and philosophy of expertise, from ancient Greece to the 20th century, Jamie Carlin Watson tackles the question of expertise and why we can be skeptical of what experts say, making a valuable contribution to contemporary philosophical debates on authority, testimony, disagreement and trust. His review sketches out the ancient origins of the concept, discussing its early association with cunning, skill and authority and covering the sort of training that ancient thinkers believed was required for expertise. Watson looks at the evolution of the expert in the middle ages into a type of “genius” or “innate talent” , moving to the role of psychological research in 16th-century Germany, the influence of Darwin, the impact of behaviorism and its interest to computer scientists, and its transformation into the largely cognitive concept psychologists study today.

Expertise: A Philosophical Introduction

Jamie Carlin Watson
Expertise A Philosophical Introduction Book PDF

Author : Jamie Carlin Watson
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2020-09-03
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781350083837

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Expertise: A Philosophical Introduction by Jamie Carlin Watson Pdf

What does it mean to be an expert? What sort of authority do experts really have? And what role should they play in today's society? Addressing why ever larger segments of society are skeptical of what experts say, Expertise: A Philosophical Introduction reviews contemporary philosophical debates and introduces what an account of expertise needs to accomplish in order to be believed. Drawing on research from philosophers and sociologists, chapters explore widely held accounts of expertise and uncover their limitations, outlining a set of conceptual criteria a successful account of expertise should meet. By providing suggestions for how a philosophy of expertise can inform practical disciplines such as politics, religion, and applied ethics, this timely introduction to a topic of pressing importance reveals what philosophical thinking about expertise can contribute to growing concerns about experts in the 21st century.

Critical Thinking

Jamie Carlin Watson,Robert Arp,Skyler King
Critical Thinking Book PDF

Author : Jamie Carlin Watson,Robert Arp,Skyler King
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 498 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2024-01-25
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781350232969

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Critical Thinking by Jamie Carlin Watson,Robert Arp,Skyler King Pdf

'You shouldn't drink too much. The Earth is round. Milk is good for your bones.' Are any of these claims true? How can you tell? Can you ever be certain you are right? For anyone tackling philosophical logic for the first time, here is a practical guide to the skills required to think critically. From the basics of good reasoning to the difference between claims, evidence and arguments, Jamie Carlin Watson, Robert Arp and Skyler King cover the topics found in an introductory course. Now revised and fully updated, this 3rd edition gives you the chance to develop critical thinking skills that can be used in and out of the classroom. Two new chapters on reasoning in the age of conspiracy theories and fake news demonstrate how to apply reason and avoid being dissuaded by the persuasive power of evidence-free emoting. Features include a glossary, chapter goals, more student-friendly exercises, study questions, diagrams, and suggestions for further reading. Chapter topics, organised around real-life examples such as predicting the weather, a murder mystery and the Ouija board, cover: - the structure, formation, analysis and recognition of arguments - deductive validity and soundness - inductive strength and cogency - inference to the best explanation - truth tables - tools for argument assessment - informal and formal fallacies This entertaining and easy-to-follow introduction is a complete beginner's tool set to good reasoning, analyzing and arguing.

The Philosophy of Expertise

Evan Selinger,Robert P. Crease
The Philosophy of Expertise Book PDF

Author : Evan Selinger,Robert P. Crease
Publisher : Columbia University Press
Page : 438 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0231136447

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The Philosophy of Expertise by Evan Selinger,Robert P. Crease Pdf

From the use of expert testimony in the courtroom to the advice we rely on to solve key economic, political, and social problems, expertise is an essential part of our decision-making process. However, the extent to which experts can be trusted is a subject of persistent and contentious debate. The Philosophy of Expertise is the first collection to explore the fundamental philosophical issues surrounding these authorities and their expert knowledge. Part 1 considers the problems surrounding the issue of trust and deference; part 2 launches a phenomenological clarification of expertise that pinpoints the universal structures embodied in cognition and affect; and part 3 examines the consequences of the social and technical externalization of expertise. Contributors including Edward Said, Alvin Goldman, Peter Singer, Hubert Dreyfus, Julia Annas, Harry Collins, and Don Ihde draw on a number of intellectual approaches to explore the justification of expert authority, the potentially dangerous role of expertise in a liberal democratic society, how laypeople can critique experts, and the social and ideological character of expert advice. The contributors also discuss the reasoning process of judges and juries, the ancient Greek view of moral conduct, and the incorporation of experts into governmental bureaucracy. By honestly tackling the legitimacy and consistency of various positions, this volume sheds much-needed light on the theoretical dimensions of a controversial and pervasive practice. Contributors: Alvin I. Goldman, Don Ihde, Edward Said, Evan Selinger and John Mix, Evan Selinger and Robert P. Crease, H. M. Collins and Robert Evans, Hélène Mialet, Hubert Dreyfus, John Hardwig, Julia Annas, Paul Feyerabend, Peter Singer, Scott Brewer, Steve Fuller, Steven Turner

Philosophy, Expertise, and the Myth of Neutrality

Mirko Farina,Andrea Lavazza
Philosophy Expertise and the Myth of Neutrality Book PDF

Author : Mirko Farina,Andrea Lavazza
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 313 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2024-03-29
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781040003251

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Philosophy, Expertise, and the Myth of Neutrality by Mirko Farina,Andrea Lavazza Pdf

This volume offers a new framework for understanding expertise. It proposes a reconceptualization of the traditional notion of expertise and calls for the development of a new contextual and action-oriented notion of expertise, which is attentive to axiological values, intellectual virtues, and moral qualities. Experts are usually called upon, especially during times of emergency, either as decision-makers or as advisors in formulating policies that often have a significant impact on society. And yet, for certain types of choices, there is a growing tension between experts’ recommendations and alternative views. The chapters in this volume critically assess the idea of whether possessing epistemic authority can automatically make someone’s assertions necessarily more grounded than others. They not only evaluate the epistemological implications of this idea but also reflect on its ethical, socio-cultural, and political consequences. The interdisciplinary framework advanced across the chapters seeks to overcome certain limitations that underlie current models of expertise by adopting more inclusive and representative decisions that can improve the perceived neutrality of experts’ decisions. Increasing neutrality means reducing cases in which an unidentified bias – be it a scientific one or not – puts any of the individuals involved in a specific public choice at a systematic disadvantage. Philosophy, Expertise, and the Myth of Neutrality will appeal to scholars and advanced students working in epistemology, philosophy of science, philosophy of the social sciences, public policy, and sociology.

Science and Public Policy

Ashley Graham Kennedy
Science and Public Policy Book PDF

Author : Ashley Graham Kennedy
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 124 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2023-10-12
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781000991109

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Science and Public Policy by Ashley Graham Kennedy Pdf

Science and Public Policy: A Philosophical Introduction argues that in order to effectively apply science in any relevant or meaningful way, we must first understand what science is, how it works, and what its limitations are. The first half of the book thus discusses the domain of science, the concept of scientific evidence, and the interpretation of scientific data. The second half then moves through a detailed discussion of science communication in the public sphere, the concept, use and limitations of scientific expertise, and finally, the ways in which we can effectively apply science to public policies in the context of a democratic society. Along the way, the book uses detailed scientific examples to explore the relationship between science and uncertainty with the aim of showing that, in the end, public debates over science are rarely over the science itself, but instead over what public policies will follow from the science. Key Features Explains what science is, as well as what it can and cannot do in the context of public policy Offers separate chapters dedicated to - Scientific Methodology - Scientific Evidence - Interpreting the Science - Communicating the Science - Scientific Expertise - Science-Informed Public Policies Includes Introductions and Summaries in each chapter to help guide the reader throughout the book

The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Skill and Expertise

Ellen Fridland,Carlotta Pavese
The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Skill and Expertise Book PDF

Author : Ellen Fridland,Carlotta Pavese
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 1059 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2020-08-20
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781351720427

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The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Skill and Expertise by Ellen Fridland,Carlotta Pavese Pdf

Philosophical questions surrounding skill and expertise can be traced back as far as Ancient Greece, China, and India. In the twentieth century, skilled action was an important factor in the work of phenomenologists such as Heidegger and Merleau-Ponty and analytic philosophers including Gilbert Ryle. However, as a subject in its own right it has, until now, remained largely in the background. The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Skill and Expertise is an outstanding reference source and the first major collection of its kind, reflecting the explosion of interest in the topic in recent years. Comprising thirty-nine chapters written by leading international contributors, the Handbook is organized into six clear parts: • Skill in the history of philosophy (East and West) • Skill in epistemology • Skill, intelligence, and agency • Skill in perception, imagination, and emotion • Skill, language, and social cognition • Skill and expertise in normative philosophy. Essential reading for students and researchers in philosophy of mind and psychology, epistemology, and ethics, The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Skill and Expertise is also suitable for those in related disciplines such as social psychology and cognitive science. It is also relevant to those who are interested in conceptual issues underlying skill and expertise in fields such as sport, the performing arts, and medicine.

Knowledge and Mind

Andrew Brook,Robert J. Stainton
Knowledge and Mind Book PDF

Author : Andrew Brook,Robert J. Stainton
Publisher : Bradford Books
Page : 253 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2001-07
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0262523175

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Knowledge and Mind by Andrew Brook,Robert J. Stainton Pdf

This is the only contemporary text to cover both epistemology and philosophy of mind at an introductory level. It also serves as a general introduction to philosophy: it discusses the nature and methods of philosophy as well as basic logical tools of the trade. The book is divided into three parts. The first focuses on knowledge, in particular, skepticism and knowledge of the external world, and knowledge of language. The second focuses on mind, including the metaphysics of mind and freedom of will. The third brings together knowledge and mind, discussing knowledge of mind (other minds and our own) and naturalism and how epistemology and philosophy of mind come together in contemporary cognitive science. Throughout, the authors take into account the needs of the beginning philosophy student. They have made very effort to ensure accessibility while preserving accuracy.

Testimony

Joseph Shieber
Testimony Book PDF

Author : Joseph Shieber
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2015-07-03
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781317449652

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Testimony by Joseph Shieber Pdf

The epistemology of testimony has experienced a growth in interest over the last twenty-five years that has been matched by few, if any, other areas of philosophy. Testimony: A Philosophical Introduction provides an epistemology of testimony that surveys this rapidly growing research area while incorporating a discussion of relevant empirical work from social and developmental psychology, as well as from the interdisciplinary study of knowledge-creation in groups. The past decade has seen a number of scholarly monographs on the epistemology of testimony, but there is a dearth of books that survey the current field. This book fills that gap, assessing the strengths and weaknesses of all major competing theories. All chapters conclude with Suggestions for Further Reading and Discussion Questions.

Handbook of Philosophy of Education

Randall Curren
Handbook of Philosophy of Education Book PDF

Author : Randall Curren
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 467 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2022-10-26
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781000643930

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Handbook of Philosophy of Education by Randall Curren Pdf

The Handbook of Philosophy of Education is a comprehensive guide to the most important questions about education that are being addressed by philosophers today. Authored by an international team of distinguished philosophers, its thirty-five chapters address fundamental, timely, and controversial questions about educational aims, justice, policy, and practices. Part I (Fundamental Questions) addresses the aims of education, authority to educate, the roles of values and evidence in guiding educational choices, and fundamental questions about human cognition, learning, well-being, and identity. Part II (Virtues of Mind and Character) is concerned with the educational formation of personal attributes that are often seen as essential to flourishing individuals and societies. This section includes chapters on the cultivation of intellectual and character virtues, the nature and formation of expertise, Stoic virtues, and intellectual vices. Part III (Education and Justice) addresses fundamental and emerging issues of educational justice, from equal educational opportunity, racial domination, and linguistic justice in education, to educational problems of mass migration, global educational justice, the education of working children around the world, and the costs of higher education and upward mobility. Part IV (Educational Practices) addresses controversial aspects of contemporary education – pedagogical, curricular, and managerial practices – that deserve careful examination. These include controversies surrounding free speech and instruction in controversial issues; anti-racist, sustainability, and sex education; and the unfulfilled promises and demoralizing impact of high-stakes accountability schemes. The format and jargon-free writing in this volume ensure that topics are interesting and accessible, helping facilitate the work of advanced students and professionals in Education.

Ethics Expertise

Lisa Rasmussen
Ethics Expertise Book PDF

Author : Lisa Rasmussen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 274 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2006-01-17
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781402038204

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Ethics Expertise by Lisa Rasmussen Pdf

Section I examines historical philosophical understandings of expertise in order to situate the current institution of bioethics. Section II focuses on philosophical analyses of the concept of expertise, asking, among other things, how it should be understood, how it can be acquired, and what such expertise warrants. Finally, section III addresses topics in bioethics and how ethics expertise should or should not be brought to bear in these areas, including expertise in the court room, in the hospital room, in the media, and in making policy. 2. A GUIDED HISTORICAL TOUR As Scott LaBarge points out, Plato’s dialogues can be viewed as an extended treatment of the concept of moral expertise, so it is fitting to begin the volume with an examination of “Socrates and Moral Expertise”. Given Socrates’ protestations (the Oracle at Delphi notwithstanding) that he knows nothing, LaBarge observes that it would be interesting to determine both what a Socratic theory of moral expertise might be and whether Socrates qualified as such an expert. Plato’s model of moral expertise is what LaBarge calls “demonstrable expertise”, which is concerned mainly with the ability to attain a goal and to explain how one did it. The problem with this account is that when one tries to solve the various problems in the model – for example, allowing that moral expertise is not an all-or-nothing skill – then one is immediately faced with the “credentials problem”. As LaBarge puts it, “. . .

Mind, Cognition, and Neuroscience

Benjamin D. Young,Carolyn Dicey Jennings
Mind Cognition and Neuroscience Book PDF

Author : Benjamin D. Young,Carolyn Dicey Jennings
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 664 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2022-01-27
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781000512045

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Mind, Cognition, and Neuroscience by Benjamin D. Young,Carolyn Dicey Jennings Pdf

This carefully designed, multi-authored textbook covers a broad range of theoretical issues in cognitive science, psychology, and neuroscience. With accessible language, a uniform structure, and many pedagogical features, Mind, Cognition, and Neuroscience: A Philosophical Introdution is the best high-level overview of this area for an interdisciplinary readership of students. Written specifically for this volume by experts in their fields who are also experienced teachers, the book’s thirty chapters are organized into the following parts: I. Background Knowledge II. Classical Debates III. Consciousness IV. Crossing Boundaries Each chapter starts with relevant key words and definitions and a chapter overview, then presents historical coverage of the topic, explains and analyzes contemporary debates, and ends with a sketch of cutting edge research. A list of suggested readings and helpful discussion topics conclude each chapter. This uniform, student-friendly design makes it possible to teach a cohort of both philosophy and interdisciplinary students without assuming prior understanding of philosophical concepts, cognitive science, or neuroscience. Key Features: Synthesizes the now decades-long explosion of scientifically informed philosophical research in the study of mind. Expands on the offerings of other textbooks by including chapters on language, concepts and non-conceptual content, and animal cognition. Offers the same structure in each chapter, moving the reader through an overview, historical coverage, contemporary debates, and finally cutting-edge research. Packed with pedagogical features, like defined Key Terms, Suggested Readings, and Discussion Questions for each chapter, as well as a General Glossary. Provides readers with clear, chapter-long introductions to Cognitive Neuroscience, Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Experimental Methods in Cognitive Neuroscience, Philosophy of Mind, Philosophy of Science, Metaphysical Issues, and Epistemic Issues.

Moral Expertise

Jamie Carlin Watson,Laura K. Guidry-Grimes
Moral Expertise Book PDF

Author : Jamie Carlin Watson,Laura K. Guidry-Grimes
Publisher : Springer
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2018-08-16
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783319927596

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Moral Expertise by Jamie Carlin Watson,Laura K. Guidry-Grimes Pdf

This collection addresses whether ethicists, like authorities in other fields, can speak as experts in their subject matter. Though ethics consultation is a growing practice in medical contexts, there remain difficult questions about the role of ethicists in professional decision-making. Contributors examine the nature and plausibility of moral expertise, the relationship between character and expertise, the nature and limits of moral authority, how one might become a moral expert, and the trustworthiness of moral testimony. This volume engages with the growing literature in these debates and offers new perspectives from both academics and practitioners. The readings will be of particular interest to bioethicists, clinicians, ethics committees, and students of social epistemology. These new essays promise to advance discussions in the professionalization and accreditation of ethics consultation.

Time: A Philosophical Introduction

James Harrington
Time A Philosophical Introduction Book PDF

Author : James Harrington
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2015-09-24
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781472513373

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Time: A Philosophical Introduction by James Harrington Pdf

Time: A Philosophical Introduction presents the philosophy of time as the central debate between being and the becoming.This core theme brings together the key topics, debates and thinkers, making ideas such as Zeno's paradoxes, the experience of change and temporal flow and the direction and shape of time and time travel, clear and understandable. Alongside a glossary and detailed timeline to further enhance study and understanding, each chapter features: • Extensive lists of further reading in both primary and secondary sources • A chronological listing of key figures, brief biographical data and references • True/false questions, matching, multiple choice, and short answer questions Time is a central philosophical subject, impacting on all many different aspects of philosophy. More technical discussions of issues from mathematics, logic and physics are separated into Technical Interludes,allowing readers to choose their level of difficultly. As a result this comprehensive introduction is essential reading for upper-level undergraduates studying the philosophy of time,metaphysics or the philosophy of science.