The Philosophy Of Expertise

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The Philosophy of Expertise

Evan Selinger,Robert P. Crease
The Philosophy of Expertise Book PDF

Author : Evan Selinger,Robert P. Crease
Publisher : Columbia University Press
Page : 438 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0231136447

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The Philosophy of Expertise by Evan Selinger,Robert P. Crease Pdf

From the use of expert testimony in the courtroom to the advice we rely on to solve key economic, political, and social problems, expertise is an essential part of our decision-making process. However, the extent to which experts can be trusted is a subject of persistent and contentious debate. The Philosophy of Expertise is the first collection to explore the fundamental philosophical issues surrounding these authorities and their expert knowledge. Part 1 considers the problems surrounding the issue of trust and deference; part 2 launches a phenomenological clarification of expertise that pinpoints the universal structures embodied in cognition and affect; and part 3 examines the consequences of the social and technical externalization of expertise. Contributors including Edward Said, Alvin Goldman, Peter Singer, Hubert Dreyfus, Julia Annas, Harry Collins, and Don Ihde draw on a number of intellectual approaches to explore the justification of expert authority, the potentially dangerous role of expertise in a liberal democratic society, how laypeople can critique experts, and the social and ideological character of expert advice. The contributors also discuss the reasoning process of judges and juries, the ancient Greek view of moral conduct, and the incorporation of experts into governmental bureaucracy. By honestly tackling the legitimacy and consistency of various positions, this volume sheds much-needed light on the theoretical dimensions of a controversial and pervasive practice. Contributors: Alvin I. Goldman, Don Ihde, Edward Said, Evan Selinger and John Mix, Evan Selinger and Robert P. Crease, H. M. Collins and Robert Evans, Hélène Mialet, Hubert Dreyfus, John Hardwig, Julia Annas, Paul Feyerabend, Peter Singer, Scott Brewer, Steve Fuller, Steven Turner

The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Skill and Expertise

Ellen Fridland,Carlotta Pavese
The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Skill and Expertise Book PDF

Author : Ellen Fridland,Carlotta Pavese
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 1059 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2020-08-20
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781351720427

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The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Skill and Expertise by Ellen Fridland,Carlotta Pavese Pdf

Philosophical questions surrounding skill and expertise can be traced back as far as Ancient Greece, China, and India. In the twentieth century, skilled action was an important factor in the work of phenomenologists such as Heidegger and Merleau-Ponty and analytic philosophers including Gilbert Ryle. However, as a subject in its own right it has, until now, remained largely in the background. The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Skill and Expertise is an outstanding reference source and the first major collection of its kind, reflecting the explosion of interest in the topic in recent years. Comprising thirty-nine chapters written by leading international contributors, the Handbook is organized into six clear parts: • Skill in the history of philosophy (East and West) • Skill in epistemology • Skill, intelligence, and agency • Skill in perception, imagination, and emotion • Skill, language, and social cognition • Skill and expertise in normative philosophy. Essential reading for students and researchers in philosophy of mind and psychology, epistemology, and ethics, The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Skill and Expertise is also suitable for those in related disciplines such as social psychology and cognitive science. It is also relevant to those who are interested in conceptual issues underlying skill and expertise in fields such as sport, the performing arts, and medicine.

A History and Philosophy of Expertise

Jamie Carlin Watson
A History and Philosophy of Expertise Book PDF

Author : Jamie Carlin Watson
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 289 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2021-11-18
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781350216495

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A History and Philosophy of Expertise by Jamie Carlin Watson Pdf

In this comprehensive tour of the long history and philosophy of expertise, from ancient Greece to the 20th century, Jamie Carlin Watson tackles the question of expertise and why we can be skeptical of what experts say, making a valuable contribution to contemporary philosophical debates on authority, testimony, disagreement and trust. His review sketches out the ancient origins of the concept, discussing its early association with cunning, skill and authority and covering the sort of training that ancient thinkers believed was required for expertise. Watson looks at the evolution of the expert in the middle ages into a type of “genius” or “innate talent” , moving to the role of psychological research in 16th-century Germany, the influence of Darwin, the impact of behaviorism and its interest to computer scientists, and its transformation into the largely cognitive concept psychologists study today.

The Knowledge Book

Steve Fuller
The Knowledge Book Book PDF

Author : Steve Fuller
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2014-11-27
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781317493280

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The Knowledge Book by Steve Fuller Pdf

"The Knowledge Book" is a unique interdisciplinary reference work for students and researchers concerned with the nature of knowledge. It is the first work of its kind to be organized on the assumption that whatever else knowledge might be, it is intrinsically social. The book consists of 42 alphabetically arranged entries on key concepts at the intersection of philosophy and sociology - what used to be called "sociology of knowledge" but is now increasingly called "social epistemology". The entries include concepts common to disciplines that in recent years have devoted more of their attention to knowledge: cultural studies, communication studies, information science, education, policy studies and business studies. Special attention is given to concepts from the emerging field of science and technology studies. Each entry presents a short, self-contained essay providing an overview of a concept and concludes with suggestions for further reading. All the entries are fully cross-referenced, allowing readers to both make connections and follow their own interests.

Expertise: A Philosophical Introduction

Jamie Carlin Watson
Expertise A Philosophical Introduction Book PDF

Author : Jamie Carlin Watson
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2020-09-03
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781350083868

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Expertise: A Philosophical Introduction by Jamie Carlin Watson Pdf

What does it mean to be an expert? What sort of authority do experts really have? And what role should they play in today's society? Addressing why ever larger segments of society are skeptical of what experts say, Expertise: A Philosophical Introduction reviews contemporary philosophical debates and introduces what an account of expertise needs to accomplish in order to be believed. Drawing on research from philosophers and sociologists, chapters explore widely held accounts of expertise and uncover their limitations, outlining a set of conceptual criteria a successful account of expertise should meet. By providing suggestions for how a philosophy of expertise can inform practical disciplines such as politics, religion, and applied ethics, this timely introduction to a topic of pressing importance reveals what philosophical thinking about expertise can contribute to growing concerns about experts in the 21st century.

Rethinking Expertise

Harry Collins,Robert Evans
Rethinking Expertise Book PDF

Author : Harry Collins,Robert Evans
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 173 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2008-09-15
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780226113623

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Rethinking Expertise by Harry Collins,Robert Evans Pdf

What does it mean to be an expert? In Rethinking Expertise, Harry Collins and Robert Evans offer a radical new perspective on the role of expertise in the practice of science and the public evaluation of technology. Collins and Evans present a Periodic Table of Expertises based on the idea of tacit knowledge—knowledge that we have but cannot explain. They then look at how some expertises are used to judge others, how laypeople judge between experts, and how credentials are used to evaluate them. Throughout, Collins and Evans ask an important question: how can the public make use of science and technology before there is consensus in the scientific community? This book has wide implications for public policy and for those who seek to understand science and benefit from it. “Starts to lay the groundwork for solving a critical problem—how to restore the force of technical scientific information in public controversies, without importing disguised political agendas.”—Nature “A rich and detailed ‘periodic table’ of expertise . . . full of case studies, anecdotes and intriguing experiments.”—Times Higher Education Supplement (UK)

Grounding Knowledge

Christopher J. Preston
Grounding Knowledge Book PDF

Author : Christopher J. Preston
Publisher : University of Georgia Press
Page : 180 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780820324500

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Grounding Knowledge by Christopher J. Preston Pdf

He asks what these ideas in contemporary epistemology and environmental philosophy mean for environmental policy, concluding that the grounding of knowledge strongly suggests epistemic reasons for the protection of a full range of physical environments in their natural condition."--BOOK JACKET.

Philosophy: a Crash Course

ZARA. FERNER BAIN (DR. ADAM. MEHDI, NADIA.),Adam Ferner,Nadia Mehdi
Philosophy a Crash Course Book PDF

Author : ZARA. FERNER BAIN (DR. ADAM. MEHDI, NADIA.),Adam Ferner,Nadia Mehdi
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 163 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2019-07-30
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781782408659

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Philosophy: a Crash Course by ZARA. FERNER BAIN (DR. ADAM. MEHDI, NADIA.),Adam Ferner,Nadia Mehdi Pdf

Why do philosophers ask "why"? Because they want to know. Because they love knowledge. Taken literally, philosophy is nothing more (nor less) than the love (philo) of wisdom (sophia)--and who doesn't love wisdom? All human societies have developed systems of knowledge to help them understand our place in the universe and to satisfy our distinctively human curiosity. However, while standard histories of philosophy tend to focus on canonical figures and their "big ideas," ideas don't spontaneously come into existence in isolation from a context. They occur in relation to other ideas, had by other people. This book emphasizes the collaborative nature of philosophy, showcasing the way that thinkers' thoughts become intertwined, and focuses on how philosophy--even in its most abstract form--intersects with everyday concerns, integrating older philosophical discussions with newer debates.

The Death of Expertise

Tom Nichols
The Death of Expertise Book PDF

Author : Tom Nichols
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 337 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2024
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780197763834

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The Death of Expertise by Tom Nichols Pdf

"In the early 1990s, a small group of "AIDS denialists," including a University of California professor named Peter Duesberg, argued against virtually the entire medical establishment's consensus that the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was the cause of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. Science thrives on such counterintuitive challenges, but there was no evidence for Duesberg's beliefs, which turned out to be baseless. Once researchers found HIV, doctors and public health officials were able to save countless lives through measures aimed at preventing its transmission"--

Politics and Expertise

Zeynep Pamuk
Politics and Expertise Book PDF

Author : Zeynep Pamuk
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2021-12-21
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780691218939

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Politics and Expertise by Zeynep Pamuk Pdf

A new model for the relationship between science and democracy that spans policymaking, the funding and conduct of research, and our approach to new technologies Our ability to act on some of the most pressing issues of our time, from pandemics and climate change to artificial intelligence and nuclear weapons, depends on knowledge provided by scientists and other experts. Meanwhile, contemporary political life is increasingly characterized by problematic responses to expertise, with denials of science on the one hand and complaints about the ignorance of the citizenry on the other. Politics and Expertise offers a new model for the relationship between science and democracy, rooted in the ways in which scientific knowledge and the political context of its use are imperfect. Zeynep Pamuk starts from the fact that science is uncertain, incomplete, and contested, and shows how scientists’ judgments about what is significant and useful shape the agenda and framing of political decisions. The challenge, Pamuk argues, is to ensure that democracies can expose and contest the assumptions and omissions of scientists, instead of choosing between wholesale acceptance or rejection of expertise. To this end, she argues for institutions that support scientific dissent, proposes an adversarial “science court” to facilitate the public scrutiny of science, reimagines structures for funding scientific research, and provocatively suggests restricting research into dangerous new technologies. Through rigorous philosophical analysis and fascinating examples, Politics and Expertise moves the conversation beyond the dichotomy between technocracy and populism and develops a better answer for how to govern and use science democratically.

Productive Knowledge in Ancient Philosophy

Thomas Kjeller Johansen
Productive Knowledge in Ancient Philosophy Book PDF

Author : Thomas Kjeller Johansen
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 331 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2021-02-04
Category : History
ISBN : 9781108485845

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Productive Knowledge in Ancient Philosophy by Thomas Kjeller Johansen Pdf

Shows how ancient philosophers understood productive knowledge and used it to explain ethics, rhetoric, the arts, politics and cosmology.

Philosophy of Information

Anonim
Philosophy of Information Book PDF

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 1000 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2008-11-10
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0080930840

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Philosophy of Information by Anonim Pdf

Information is a recognized fundamental notion across the sciences and humanities, which is crucial to understanding physical computation, communication, and human cognition. The Philosophy of Information brings together the most important perspectives on information. It includes major technical approaches, while also setting out the historical backgrounds of information as well as its contemporary role in many academic fields. Also, special unifying topics are high-lighted that play across many fields, while we also aim at identifying relevant themes for philosophical reflection. There is no established area yet of Philosophy of Information, and this Handbook can help shape one, making sure it is well grounded in scientific expertise. As a side benefit, a book like this can facilitate contacts and collaboration among diverse academic milieus sharing a common interest in information. • First overview of the formal and technical issues involved in the philosophy of information • Integrated presentation of major mathematical approaches to information, form computer science, information theory, and logic • Interdisciplinary themes across the traditional boundaries of natural sciences, social sciences, and humanities.

Expertise

Evan Selinger
Expertise Book PDF

Author : Evan Selinger
Publisher : Automatic Press / VIP
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 8792130372

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Expertise by Evan Selinger Pdf

Problems related to expertise are amongst the most pressing issues of our time. Although philosophical reflection has much to contribute to the identification and resolution of these problems, the topic of expertise has not received the professional attention that it deserves. Expertise: Philosophical Reflections corrects this imbalance by critically addressing fundamental conceptual and normative issues related to three topics: 1) the phenomenology of expertise, 2) interactional expertise, 3) the ethics and politics of expertise. In so doing, it covers a range of technological issues related to expert authority, judgment, and competence, including: the prospects of artificial intelligence, the ethics of sustainability research and sustainable design, controversy over advocacy for genetically modified foods, and behavior-modifying technologies called "nudges."

Doctor Strange and Philosophy

Mark D. White
Doctor Strange and Philosophy Book PDF

Author : Mark D. White
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 295 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2018-05-29
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781119437949

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Doctor Strange and Philosophy by Mark D. White Pdf

Explore the mind and world of the brilliant neurosurgeon-turned-Sorcerer Supreme Doctor Stephen Strange Marvel Comics legends Stan Lee and Steve Ditko first introduced Doctor Stephen Strange to the world in 1963—and his spellbinding adventures have wowed comic book fans ever since. Over fifty years later, the brilliant neurosurgeon-turned-Sorcerer Supreme has finally travelled from the pages of comics to the big screen, introducing a new generation of fans to his mind-bending mysticism and self-sacrificing heroics. In Doctor Strange and Philosophy, Mark D. White takes readers on a tour through some of the most interesting and unusual philosophical questions which surround Stephen Strange and his place in the Marvel Universe. Essays from two-dozen Philosophers Supreme illuminate how essential philosophical concepts, including existentialism, epistemology, metaphysics, and ethics, relate to the world of Doctor Strange. Fans will find answers to all their Strange questions: How does Doctor Strange reconcile his beliefs in science and magic? What does his astral self say about the relationship between mind and body? Why is he always so alone? And what does he mean when he says we’re just “tiny momentary specks within an indifferent universe”—and why was he wrong? You won’t need the Eye of Agamotto to comprehend all that is wise within. Doctor Strange and Philosophy offers comic book fans and philosophers alike the chance to dive deeper into the world of one of Marvel’s most mystical superheroes.

Knowledge and the State of Nature

Edward Craig
Knowledge and the State of Nature Book PDF

Author : Edward Craig
Publisher : Clarendon Press
Page : 182 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 1991-01-03
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191519642

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Knowledge and the State of Nature by Edward Craig Pdf

The standard philosophical project of analysing the concept of knowledge has radical defects in its arbitrary restriction of the subject matter, and its risky theoretical presuppositions. Edward Craig suggests a more illuminating approach, akin to the `state of nature' method found in political theory, which builds up the concept from a hypothesis about the social function of knowledge and the needs it fulfils. Light is thrown on much that philosophers have written about knowledge, about its analysis and the obstacles to its analysis (such as the counter-examples of Edmund Gettier), and on the debate over scepticism. It becomes apparent why many languages not only have such constructions as `knows whether' and `knows that', but also have equivalents of `knows how to' and `know' followed by a direct object. Thus the inquiry is both broadened in scope and made theoretically less fragile.